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Essentials of Medical Biochemistry
With Clinical Cases
2nd Edition - April 24, 2015
Authors: Chung Eun Ha, N. V. Bhagavan
Paperback ISBN:9780124166875
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 6 6 8 7 - 5
eBook ISBN:9780124166974
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 4 1 6 6 9 7 - 4
Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, Second Edition: With Clinical Cases is the most condensed, yet detailed biochemistry overview available on the topic. It presents contemporary… Read more
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Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, Second Edition: With Clinical Cases is the most condensed, yet detailed biochemistry overview available on the topic. It presents contemporary coverage of the fundamentals of biochemistry, emphasizing relevant physiologic and pathophysiologic biochemical concepts.
Pivotal clinical case studies aid in understanding basic science in the context of diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, and the text illuminates key topics in molecular immunology and hemostasis.
Users will find basic and fundamental concepts that will aid students and professionals in biochemistry, medicine, and other healthcare disciplines. the text is a useful refresher that will help users meet USMLE and other professional licensing examination requirements, providing thorough introductions, key points, multicolored illustrations of chemical structures and figures, fact-filled tables, and recommended reading lists.
Presents essential biochemical concepts within the context of their biological functions
Contains key clinical case studies in each chapter to enhance understanding of basic science and aid in further comprehension
Offers instructional overview figures, flowcharts, tables and multicolored illustrations
Includes integrated, recommended reading reference lists within the text
Provides an online ancillary package inclusive of PowerPoint images and more than 500 study questions to aid in comprehension and USMLE exam preparation
First-year medical students and graduate students in basic biochemistry, physiology, dentistry, and pharmacology.
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Authors
Chapter 1. The Human Organism: Organ Systems, Cells, Organelles, and Our Microbiota
Key Points
Organ Systems: Integrated Function at the Highest Level
Cells: Structures and Functions
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 2. Water, Acids, Bases, and Buffers
Key Points
Properties of Water
Buffers
H+ Concentration and pH
Required Reading
Chapter 3. Amino Acids
Key Points
L-α-Amino Acids: Structure
Classification
Electrolyte and Acid–Base Properties
Chapter 4. Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins and Disorders of Protein Misfolding
Key Points
Covalent and Coordinate Covalent Bonds in Protein Structure
Noncovalent Interactions in Protein Structure
Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
Denaturation
Conversion of Precursor Proteins to Active Proteins by Proteolysis
Protease Inhibitors Used as Therapeutic Agents for Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections
Protein Folding and Intracellular Degradation of Misfolded and Defective Proteins
Autophagy
Protein Misfolding and Fibrillogenic Diseases
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 5. Energetics of Biological Systems
Key Points
Thermodynamics
Chemical Kinetics
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 6. Enzymes and Enzyme Regulation
Key Points
Nomenclature
Catalysis
Active Site and Enzyme–Substrate Complex
Michaelis–Menten Model for Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions
Inhibition
Irreversible Inhibition
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 7. Clinical Enzymology and Biomarkers of Tissue Injury
Key Points
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Disease
Serum and Plasma Markers in the Diagnosis of Tissue Damage
Enzymes as Analytical Reagents
Enzymes as Therapeutic Agents
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 8. Simple Carbohydrates
Key Points
Classification
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 9. Heteropolysaccharides: Glycoconjugates, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids
Key Points
Glycoproteins
Cell Membrane Constituents
Cell-Surface Glycoproteins
Serum Glycoproteins
Molecular Mimicry of Oligosaccharides and Host Susceptibility
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 10. Connective Tissue: Fibrous and Nonfibrous Proteins and Proteoglycans
Key Points
Protein Fibers
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 11. Gastrointestinal Digestion and Absorption
Key Points
Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Gastrointestinal Hormones
Digestion and Absorption of Major Food Substances
Absorption of Water and Electrolytes
Thermic Effect of Food
Required Reading
Chapter 12. Carbohydrate Metabolism I: Glycolysis and the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Key Points
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Metabolism
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Required Reading
Chapter 13. Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Other Oxygen-Consuming Systems
Key Points
Mitochondrial Structure and Properties
Oxidative Phosphorylation
The Mitochondrial Genome
Nuclear Control of Respiratory Chain Expression
Mitochondrial Diseases
Other Reducing-Equivalent Transport and Oxygen-Consuming Systems
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 14. Carbohydrate Metabolism II: Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Synthesis and Breakdown, and Alternative Pathways
Key Points
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen Metabolism
Alternative Pathways of Glucose Metabolism and Hexose Interconversions
Required Reading
Chapter 15. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
Key Points
Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids
Metabolism of Ammonia
Metabolism of Some Individual Amino Acids
Required Reading
Chapter 16. Lipids I: Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids
Key Points
Oxidation of Fatty Acids
Other Pathways of Fatty Acid Oxidation
Metabolism of Ketone Bodies
Synthesis of Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids
Metabolism of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Trans-Fatty Acids
Essential Fatty Acids
Metabolism of Eicosanoids
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 17. Lipids II: Phospholipids, Glycosphingolipids, and Cholesterol
Key Points
Phospholipids
Phosphatidylcholines
Phosphosphingolipids
Catabolism and Storage Disorders of Sphingolipids
Phospholipids and Glycosphingolipids in Clinical Medicine
Cholesterol
Conversion of Acetyl-Coa to Hmg-Coa
Chapter 18. Lipids III: Plasma Lipoproteins
Key Points
Structure and Composition
Metabolism
Required Reading
Chapter 19. Contractile Systems
Key Points
Introduction
Muscle Systems
Nonmuscle Systems
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 20. Perturbations of Energy Metabolism: Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus
Key Points
Energy Metabolism
Obesity
Diabetes Mellitus
Required Reading
Chapter 21. Structure and Properties of DNA
Key Points
Introduction
Chromosomes and Chromatin
Recombinant DNA Technology
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 22. DNA Replication, Repair, and Mutagenesis
Key Points
Introduction
General Features of DNA Replication
The Enzymology of DNA Replication
DNA Mutations and DNA Repair
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 23. RNA and Protein Synthesis
Key Points
Introduction
Structure of RNA
Messenger RNA
Enzymatic Synthesis of RNA
Prokaryotic Transcription
Transcription in Eukaryotes
Genetic Code
Attachment of Amino Acid to tRNA Molecule
Initiator tRNA Molecules and Selection of Initiation Codon
Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 24. Regulation of Gene Expression
Key Points
Introduction
Regulation of mRNA Synthesis
Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
Mechanisms of Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 25. Nucleotide Metabolism
Key Points
One-Carbon Metabolism
Formation of 5-Phosphoribosyl-1-Pyrophosphate
Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleotides
Conversion of Nucleoside Monophosphates to Diphosphates and Triphosphates
Formation of Purine Deoxyribonucleotides
Regulation of Purine Biosynthesis
Inhibitors of Purine Biosynthesis
Catabolism of Purine Nucleotides
Disorders of Purine Nucleotide Metabolism
Biosynthesis of Pyrimidine Nucleotides
Coordination of Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleotide Biosynthesis
Catabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides
Abnormalities of Pyrimidine Metabolism
Chapter 26. Hemoglobin
Key Points
Structure of Hemoglobins
Functional Aspects of Hemoglobin
Inherited Disorders of Hemoglobin Structure and Synthesis
Derivatives of Hemoglobin
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 27. Metabolism of Iron and Heme
Key Points
Iron Metabolism
Heme Biosynthesis
Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis
Heme Catabolism
Required Reading
Chapter 28. Endocrine Metabolism I: Introduction and Signal Transduction
Key Points
Hormonal Amines
Peptide, Protein, and Glycoprotein Hormones
Steroid Hormones
Types of Hormone Receptors
Cell Surface Receptors
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 29. Endocrine Metabolism II: Hypothalamus and Pituitary
Chapter 32. Endocrine Metabolism V: Reproductive System
Key Points
Sex Determination
Testes
Female Reproductive System
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 33. Immunology
Key Points
Introduction
What Generates the Immune Response?
Components of the Immune System
Communication within the Immune Response
The Complement System and Inflammation
Antibodies
B-Cell Development and Antibody Diversity
T-Cell Development and T-Cell Receptor Diversity
T-Cell Activation and Differentiation
The Adaptive Immune Response: Specific Antibody Response
The Adaptive Immune Response: Cell-Mediated Immune Response
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 34. Biochemistry of Hemostasis
Key Points
Hemostatic Response Occurs in Two Phases
Hemostatic System Factors and Protein Structure/Function Relationships
Reactions of the Coagulation Cascade: The Procoagulant Subsystem
Shutting Off Coagulation: The Anticoagulant Subsystem
Clot Removal: The Fibrinolytic Subsystem
Vitamin K, Oral Anticoagulants, and their Mechanisms of Action
Hemostatic System Dysfunction: Bleeding and Thrombosis
Laboratory Assessment of Coagulation System Functions
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 35. Mineral Metabolism
Key Points
Calcium and Phosphorus
Magnesium
Essential Trace Elements
Required Reading
Enrichment Reading
Chapter 36. Vitamin Metabolism
Key Points
Introduction
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Water-Soluble Vitamins
Required Reading
Chapter 37. Water, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance
Key Points
Water Metabolism
Homeostatic Controls
Water and Osmolality Controls
Electrolyte Balance
Acid–Base Balance
Required Reading
Index
No. of pages: 752
Language: English
Published: April 24, 2015
Imprint: Academic Press
Paperback ISBN: 9780124166875
eBook ISBN: 9780124166974
CH
Chung Eun Ha
Chung-Eun Ha is an Associate Professor in the department of Native Hawaiian Health
at the John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Since 2001,
he has been teaching medical biochemistry to students who come from disadvantaged
backgrounds. He is also actively involved in the various aspects of molecular biology
and biochemical research in the field of clinical medicine.
Affiliations and expertise
Associate Professor, Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
NB
N. V. Bhagavan
N. V. Bhagavan is an Emeritus Professor in the department of Anatomy, Biochemistry,
and Physiology at the John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa.
An active professor, researcher, and teacher, he has many years of experience in both
the instruction and practice of clinical biochemistry.
Affiliations and expertise
Emeritus Professor, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA