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	CLASSIFYING EXPLOSION PRONE AREAS FOR THE PETROLEUM, CHEMICAL AND RELATED INDUSTRIES To order this title, and for more information, click here By W.O.E. Korver Description The degree of danger in the atmosphere of a hazardous location needs to be determined prior to selecting an acceptable electrical equipment installation. If maximum safety is the predominant factor in determining the type of electrical installations, the cost of electrical equipment will be extremely high. If low cost of electrical installation is the predominant factor, safety to personnel and equipment may be unacceptably low. It is, therefore, necessary to find a point of balance at which the cost and safety requirements are both satisfied and acceptable. In nine out of ten cases, a hazardous location is classified much too conservatively. The reason for this conservative approach is a lack of knowledge and a misunderstanding of the actual concept of safety and danger. This book provides an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence the classification of a hazardous location. One factor, in combination with one or more other factors, will have an impact on the level of danger and its hazardous boundaries. These factors and their influences are explained in detail, and once their impact is understood, the classification of a hazardous location becomes a straightforward procedure. Audience Safety engineers, plants managers and hygiene personnel in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Contents Introduction Section 1. Fundamentals 1. Flammable and Combustible Principles of Hazardous Products A. General B. Flammable and Combustible Liquids C. Combustible Coke and Coal Dust D. Fire and Explosion Hazards in NEC Class I Locations 2. Classifying Sources of Hazard A. Sources of Hazard B. When a Location is Hazardous C. Safety Versus Hazard in NEC Class I Locations D. Requirements for NEC Class I, Div. 1 and Div. 2 Locations 3. The Extent of Explosion Danger for NEC Class I Locations A. General B. The Dimensional Outline of a Div. 1 and Div. 2 Zone C. Quantity of Flammable Substances Versus Extent of Explosion Danger D. Factors Influencing Quantities of Flammable Gases or Vapors E. Early and Remote Permanent Ignition Sources F. The Extent of Explosion Danger for Class II Flammable Products G. Transition Zones for NEC Class I Locations H. Additional Danger Zones I. Danger Zones Above Ground J. Classification of Sources of Hazard in Pump Stations Occupying 50, 75 or 100% Floor Space K. Fume Hoods L. Storage and Dispensing of Flammable Liquids M. Segregation 4. Spatial Considerations A. Indoor and Outdoor Locations B. Roofed Spaces in Hazardous Areas C. Nonhazardous Spaces Above or Below Hazardous Areas D. Spaces Giving Access to Hazardous Areas 5. The Degree of Explosion Danger for NEC Class H Locations A. General B. Detailed Requirements for NEC Class II, Div. 1 Locations C. Detailed Requirements for NEC Class II, Div. 2 Locations D. The Degree of Explosion Danger in Fossil Power Plants 6. Ventilation Requirements A. General B. Natural Ventilation C. Mechanical Ventilation D. Approximate Location of Mechanical Ventilation E. Demarcation Line F. Safeguards G. Wiring Diagrams for Safeguards 7. Electrical Equipment for NEC Class I Locations A. General B. Electrical Equipment Required for a Div. 1 Location C. Electrical Equipment Required for a Div. 2 Location D. Intrinsically Safe Electrical Equipment E. Marking of Electrical Equipment F. Construction of Explosion-Proof Enclosures G. Grouping of Electrical Equipment 8. Electrical Equipment for NEC Class II, Group F Locations A. General B. Class II Div. 1 Locations C. Class II, Div. 2 Locations 9. Intrinsically Safe Equipment and Wiring 10. Installation of Electrical Instruments in Hazardous Locations A. Type Z Purging B. Type Y Purging C. Type X Purging 11. Hydrogen Gas 12. Cathodic Protection 13. Static Electricity 14. Grounding of Tanks, Pipelines, and Tank Cars 15. Grounding Requirements for Electrical Equipment A. General B. Internal and External Grounding Conductors C. Supplementary Ground System 16. Application of Seals in NEC Class I Locations A. General B. Class I, Div. 1 Locations C. Class I, Div. 2 Locations 17. Application of Seals in NEC Class II Locations Section 2. Application of Fundamentals Environmental Conditions in NEC Class I Hazardous Locations 2.1 General Requirements for Group A 2.2 General Requirements for Group B 2.3 General Requirements for Group C 2.4 General Requirements for Group D 2.5 General Requirements for Group E 2.6 General Requirements for Group F 2.7 General Requirements for Group G 2.8 General Requirements for Group H 2.9 General Requirements for Group I 2.10 General Requirements for Group J 2.11 General Requirements for Group K Section 3. Examples Application Procedure for Classifying NEC Class I Locations A. General B. Steps to be Followed for Classifying a Hazardous Location C. Examples Appendix: Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Solids Definitions Bibliography Index Bibliographic details Hardbound, 442 pages, publication date: DEC-1995 ISBN-13: 978-0-8155-1366-7 ISBN-10: 0-8155-1366-6 Imprint: WILLIAM ANDREW Price and Ordering Price: GBP 95 EUR 136 USD 170 Books and book related electronic products are priced in US dollars (USD), euro (EUR), and Great Britain Pounds (GBP). USD prices apply to the Americas and Asia Pacific. EUR prices apply in Europe and the Middle East. GBP prices apply to the UK and all other countries. See also information about conditions of sale & ordering procedures, and links to our regional sales offices. 034/351 Last update: 27 Sep 2008	Book contents Table of contents Reviews Submit your review Bookmark this page Recommend this publication Overview of all books