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	ALTERNATIVE FORMULATIONS AND PACKAGING TO REDUCE USE OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS To order this title, and for more information, click here By T.P. Nelson S.L. Wevill Description This book describes alternative formulations and packaging techniques for the reduction or elimination of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) use as an aerosol propellant. Use of CFCs in specific categories of aerosols considered "nonessential" was banned by the U.S. in 1978. Recent renewed interest in further reducing worldwide production and consumption of CFCs, and other chemicals implicated in the depletion of the earth's stratospheric ozone layer, is responsible for this study, which covers currently exempted and excluded CFC aerosol applications and their alternatives. Audience Environmental engineers, students. Contents Part I. Background and Overview 1. Introduction Historical Perspective Montreal Protocol Requirements Objectives and Organization of the Report 2. CFC Aerosol Applications Exempted in the U.S. Rationale for Exempted Uses of CFC Aerosols Rationale for Excluded Uses of CFC Aerosols Summary 3. Current U.S. Consumption of CFCs Discussion of the Data U.S. Marketers and Fillers of CFC Products 4. Suggested Alternative Formulations for Exempted and Excluded CFC Aerosols Introduction Discussion of Alternative CFC Formulations Summary 5. Procedures for and Costs of Substituting Alternative Formulations for CFC Aerosols Introduction Cost of Converting Filling Lines Methods and Costs for Developing Alternative Formulations for CFC Aerosols Excluded Products Procedures for Changing from CFC to Alternative Formulations Summary 6. Conclusions Aerosol Uses for Which CFCs are Difficult to Eliminate (and Possible Interim Reformulations) Potential for Reduction of CFC Use in Exempted and Excluded Aerosols Near-Term CFC Reductions Longer-Range CFC Reductions Summary References Appendix A: Additional Information on MDIDs Appendix B: DOT Regulations for Compressed Gases Appendix C: Metric (SI) Conversion Factors Part II. Alternative Formulations and Aerosol Dispensing Systems Section 1. Alternative Aerosol Formulations 1. Introduction 2. Formulation Guidelines General Considerations 3. Example Non-CFC Alternative Formulations Cosmetics, Toiletries and Personal Care Products Household Products Pesticide Aerosol Products Pharmaceutical Products Industrial Aerosol Products Section 2. Alternative Aerosol Dispensing Systems 1. Introduction Definitions 2. Description of Aerosol Packaging Alternatives Bag-in-Can Types Piston Cans Independent Bag-in-Can Systems Pump Sprays - Aspirator Types Pump-Sprays - Standard Types Dispensing Closures Pressurizing Dispensers Miscellaneous Aerosol Alternatives 3. Summary Appendix A: Metric (SI) Conversion Factors Bibliographic details Hardbound, 373 pages, publication date: DEC-1990 ISBN-13: 978-0-8155-1257-8 ISBN-10: 0-8155-1257-0 Imprint: WILLIAM ANDREW Price and Ordering Price: GBP 78 EUR 114 USD 140 Books and book related electronic products are priced in US dollars (USD), euro (EUR), and Great Britain Pounds (GBP). USD prices apply to the Americas and Asia Pacific. EUR prices apply in Europe and the Middle East. GBP prices apply to the UK and all other countries. See also information about conditions of sale & ordering procedures, and links to our regional sales offices. 034/351 Last update: 27 Sep 2008	Book contents Table of contents Reviews Submit your review Bookmark this page Recommend this publication Overview of all books