DATABASE TRANSACTION MODELS FOR ADVANCED APPLICATIONS
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Edited By Ahmed Elmagarmid
Description This collection offers the reader a broad survey of the role of transaction processing in advanced computer applications.
It contains
an introduction to traditional transaction technology, and comprehensive descriptions of commercial systems and research projects. This volume will help anyone interested in keeping up with database applications and the potential for transaction processing systems
to address the needs of OLTP, CAD, CASE, computer aided publishing, heterogeneous databases, active databases, communications, systems
and other areas. For researchers, managers, software developers, professionals in the data processing fields, or anyone interested
in a coherent overview of this new and fast growing area of computer science.
Contents Database Transaction Models for Advanced Applications
Edited by Ahmed K. Elmagarmid
Foreword by Jim Gray
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Transaction Management in Database Systems
D. Agrawal and A. El Abbadi
1.1
Introduction
1.2 Execution atomicity
1.2.1 Motivation
1.2.2 Serializability
1.2.3 Conflict
Serializability
1.3 Failure Atomicity
1.3.1 Transaction Failures
1.3.2 System Failures
1.4 Distributed Databases
1.5 Extensions to the Transaction Model
1.5.1 Multiversion Databases
1.5.2
Nested Transaction Model
1.5.3 Transaction Models for Abstract Objects
1.6 Concluding Remarks
2
Introduction to Advanced Transaction Models
Ahmed K. Elmagarmid, Yungho Leu, James G. Mullen, and Omran Bukhres
2.1
Introduction
2.2 Advanced Transaction Models
2.2.1 Cooperative Transaction Hierarchy
2.2.2 Cooperative
SEE Transactions
2.2.3 DOM Transactions
2.2.4 A Transaction Model for an Open Publication Environment
2.2.5
ConTract Model
2.2.6 Split-Transactions
2.2.7 Flex Transaction Model
2.2.8 ACTA
2.2.9 Transaction
Tool Kits
2.2.10 S Transactions
2.2.11 Multilevel and Open Nested Transactions
2.2.12 Polytransactions
2.3 Summary of Transaction Models
3 A Cooperative Transaction Model for Design Databases
Marian H.
Nodine, Sridhar Ramaswamy, and Stanley B. Zdonik
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Characteristics of the Transaction Model
3.2.1 Hierarchical Organization of Transactions
3.2.2 Correctness Criteria
3.2.3 Multi-copy versus Single-copy
system
3.2.4 Operation-Based Recovery
3.3 The Model
3.3.1 Transaction Groups
3.3.2
Cooperative Transactions
3.3.3 Operations
3.3.4 Histories
3.4 Correctness
3.4.1 Patterns
and Conflicts
3.4.2 LR(O) Grammars and DPDAs
3.4.3 Correct Transaction Group Histories
3.5 Example
3.6 Synchronization
3.6.1 Algorithm
3.6.2 Example
3.6.3 Checkpointing
3.7 Recovery
3.7.1 Dependency Maintenance and Logging
3.7.2 Algorithm
3.8 Related Research
3.9 Summary
4 A Flexible Framework for Transaction Management in Engineering Environments
Sandra Heiler, Sara Haradhvala, Stanley
Zdonik, Barbara Blaustein, and Arnon Rosenthal
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Motivation
4.1.2 Summary
of the Approach
4.1.3 An Example of Transaction Management in a Simple Organization
4.1.4 Related Work
4.2 The Model
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Semantics of Request Processing
4.2.3 Request Processing by
the TMH
4.2.4 Framework Services and Their Interfaces
4.3 Protocols for Software Engineering Environments-Approaches
and Idioms
4.3.1 Specifying Protocols
4.3.2 Deadlock Prevention/Detection
4.3.3 Limiting Sharing
4.3.4 Triggering Copies and Merges
4.4 Results and Status
5 A Transaction Model for Active Distributed
Object Systems
Alejandro Buchmann, M. Tamer Ozsu, Mark Hornick, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, and Frank A. Manola
5.1
Introduction
5.2 A Characterization of Transaction Schemes
5.2.1 Correctness Criteria
5.2.2 Transaction
Models
5.3 The DOM Transaction Model
5.3.1 Example of a DOM Transaction
5.3.2 Multitransactions
5.3.3 Nested Transactions
5.3.4 Compensating Transactions
5.3.5 Contingency Transactions
5.3.6 Vital
and Non-vital Transactions
5.4 Formal Specification of the Model
5.4.1 Summary of the ACTA Formalism
5.4.2 Multitransactions
5.4.3 Nested Transactions
5.4.4 Contingency Transactions
5.4.5 Compensating
Transactions
5.5 Conclusions and Future Work
6 A Transaction Model for an Open Publication Environment
Peter Muth, Thomas C. Rakow, Wolfgang Klas, and Erich J. Newhold
6.1 Overview
6.2 Introduction
6.3
The Architecture of the Publication Environment and its Transaction Needs
6.3.1 Architecture
6.3.2 Requirements
for the Transaction Model
6.4 Transaction Model
6.4.1 Object-Oriented Serializability
6.4.2 Object-Oriented
Concurrency Control
6.4.3 Recovery
6.5 Transactions in the Publication Environment
6.5.1 Transaction
Execution
6.5.2 The Impact of Distribution
6.5.3 The Impact of Heterogeneity
6.6 Conclusion
7 The ConTract Model
Helmut Wachter and Andreas Reuter
7.1 Introduction and Overview
7.2
Transaction Support for Large Distributed Applications
7.3 ConTracts
7.3.1 Modelling Control Flow: Scripts and
Steps
7.3.2 ConTract Programming Model
7.3.3 Transaction Model
7.3.4 User Interface for Controlling Large
Distributed Applications
7.3.5 Forward Recovery and Context Management
7.3.6 Consistency Control and Resource Conflict
Resolution
7.3.7 Compensation
7.3.8 Synchronization with Invariants
7.4 Implementation Issues
7.4.1 Flow Management
7.4.2 Transaction Management
7.4.3 Logging
7.4.4 Synchronization
7.4.5
Transactional Communication Service
7.5 Comparison with Other Work
7.5.1 Structural Extensions
7.5.2
Embedding Transactions in an Execution Environment
7.6 Conclusions
7.7 Sample Script
8 Dynamic
Restructuring of Transactions
Gail E. Kaiser and Calton Pu
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Requirements
8.3 Programmed Transactions
8.3.1 Definitions
8.3.2 Nested Transactions
8.4 User-Controlled
Transactions
8.5 Applications
8.5.1 Editing
8.5.2 Design Environments
8.5.3 Multi-User Design
Environments
8.6 Implementation Issues
8.7 Comparison to Related Work
8.8 Conclusions
9
Multidatabase Transaction and Query Processing in Logic
Eva Kuhn, Franz Puntigam, and Ahmed K. Elmargarmid
9.1
Introduction
9.2 Representation of MDBS Queries in Prolog
9.2.1 Dynamic and Static Integration
9.3
Transaction Control with Logic Programming
9.3.1 The Flex Transaction Model
9.3.2 Parallel Logic Programming
9.4 Query and Transaction Processing in VPL
9.4.1 Architecture
9.4.2 Operational Semantics of the VPL Language
9.4.3 Mapping Transactions into VPL Queries
9.5 Extending the Power of Flex Transactions
9.6 Conclusions
10 ACTA: The Saga Continues
Panos K. Chrysanthis and Krithi Ramamritham
10.1 Introduction
10.2
The Formal ACTA Framework
10.2.1 Preliminaries
10.2.2 Effects of Transactions on Other Transactions
10.2.3
Objects and the Effects of Transactions on Objects
10.3 Characterization of Atomic Transactions
10.4 Characterization
of Sagas
10.4.1 A Special Case of Sagas
10.5 Variations of the Sagas Model
10.5.1 Sagas with
no Special Relation with Last Component
10.5.2 Sagas with Vital Components
10.5.3 Sagas of Sagas
10.5.4
Sagas with Non-Compensatable Components
10.6 Conclusions
11 A Transaction Manager Development Facility
for Non Standard Database Systems
Rainer Unland and Gunter Schlangeter
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Transaction
types
11.2.1 Conventional transaction management
11.2.2 The concept of nested transactions
11.2.3 Fundamental
rules of Moss' approach
11.3 Basic concepts and fundamental rules of the tool kit approach
11.3.1 Basic
Concepts of the Tool Kit Approach
11.3.2 Fundamental rules of the tool kit approach
11.4 Characteristics of
transaction types
11.4.1 Concurrency control scheme
11.4.2 Object visibility (access view and release view)
11.4.3 Task
11.4.4 Concurrent execution of children
11.4.5 Explicit cooperation (collaboration)
11.4.6
Recovery
11.4.7 Example
11.5 Lock modes
11.5.1 Motivation of our approach
11.5.2 Basic
lock modes of the tool kit approach
11.5.3 The two effects of a lock
11.5.4 Locks in the context of nested transactions
11.5.5 Object related locks
11.5.6 Subject related lock
11.6 General rules of the tool kit approach
11.7 Brief overview of the structure of the tool kit
11.8 Concluding remarks
12 The S-Transaction Model
Jar Veijalainen, Frank Eliassen, and Bernhard Holtkamp
12.1 Introduction
12.2. Autonomous environments and
their requirements
12.2.1 Basic definitions of autonomy
12.2.2 O-autonomy
12.2.3 D-and M-autonomy and
heterogeneity
12.2.4 C-autonomy
12.2.5 E-autonomy and erroneous and correct behavior
12.3 A gross
architecture supporting S-transactions
12.3.1 Requirements for a transaction model coping with autonomy
12.3.2
The site architecture
12.3.3 The overall distributed architecture
12.4 Properties of S-transactions
12.4.1
A semi-formal model for the S-transactions
12.4.2 Syntactical correctness of S-transactions
12.4.3 Atomicity of
S-transactions
12.4.4 Consistency preservation of S-transactions
12.4.5 Compensatability of local sub-S-transactions
12.5 A language supporting S-transactions, STDL
12.5.1 STDL/DDL
12.5.2 STDL/DML
12.5.3 Compensation
12.6 Applications of the S-transaction model
12.6.1 Banking
12.6.2 Computer Integrated Manufacturing
12.6.3 Software Engineering
12.7 Further developments
12.7.1 FRIL
12.7.2 The computational
model of FRIL
12.8 Conclusion
13 Concepts and Applications of Multilevel Transactions and Open Nested
Transactions
Gerhard Weikum and Hans-J. Schek
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Multilevel Transaction
Model
13.2.1 Concepts of Multilevel Transactions
13.2.2 Limits of Multilevel Transactions
13.2.3. A
Summary of the Multilevel Transaction Theory
13.2.4 Implementation Issues
13.3 The General Case of Open Nested
Transactions
13.4 Relaxing the ACID Paradigm
13.4.1 Consistency-preservation
13.4.2 Isolation
13.4.3 Atomicity
13.4.4 Persistence
13.5 Applications of Open Nested Transactions
13.5.1
Extensible Database Systems
13.5.2 Federated Database Systems
13.5.3 Exploiting Operating-System Transactions
13.5.4 Object-oriented Database Systems
13.5.5 Intra-transaction Parallelism
13.6 An Application Study:
Office Document Filing and Retrieval
13.7 Conclusion
14 Using Polytransactions to Manage Interdependent Data
Amit P. Sheth, Marek Rusinkiewicz, and George Karabatis
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Specification of Interdatabase
Dependencies
14.3 Polytransactions for Managing Interdependent Data
14.3.1 System Architecture
14.3.2
The Concept and Properties of Polytransactions
14.3.3 Executing Polytransactions
14.4 Interdatabase Dependency
Schema
14.4.1 Specification of the Dependency Predicate
14.4.2 Specification of Mutual Consistency Requirements
14.4.3 Specification of consistency restoration procedures
14.4.4 Correctness of Dependency Specifications
14.5
Consistency of Interdependent Data
14.5.1 Definition of Consistency of Interdependent Data
14.6 Summary
Biography
Subject Index
Author Index
Bibliographic & ordering Information Hardbound, 611 pages, publication date: APR-1992
ISBN-13: 978-1-55860-214-4
ISBN-10: 1-55860-214-3
Imprint: MORGAN KAUFFMAN Price:Order form GBP 66.99 EUR 98.95 USD 118
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