Authors should submit their articles electronically via the Elsevier
Editorial System (EES) page of this journal http://ees.elsevier.com/aip.
The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in
the peer-review
process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the
review process, these source
files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including
notification of the Editor?s decision and requests
for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the Author's homepage,
removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
Submission of
an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an
abstract or as part of a published
lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
that its publication is approved by all authors
and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published
elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language,
without the written consent of the Publisher.
Presentation of
manuscript
Submissions should be no longer than 25 pages of text (with 1 inch page margins, text no lower that 12pt, but excluding
tables, figures and references). The journal uses American Psychological Association style guidelines (5th ed.). Please write your text
in good English
(American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin
origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use nonsexist language, for example, he or she, him or her, etc. Use decimal
points (not
commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above). Indent each paragraph at least 5 spaces and do not leave
space between paragraphs.
Use double spacing between each line. Please avoid full justification, i.e., do not use a constant
right-hand margin. Present tables
and figure legends on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. Minimize the use of
footnotes in the text. If footnotes are used,
place all footnotes on a separate page at the end of the manuscript. If
possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar
with layout and conventions. Number all pages
consecutively.
Provide the following data on the title page only as manuscripts
are sent out for blind review.
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval
systems. Avoid abbreviations and
formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous
(e.g., a double name), please indicate this
clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below
the names. Indicate all
affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate
address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail
address of
each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing
and
publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in
addition
to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work
described in the article was done, or was
visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote
to that author's name. The
address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript
Arabic
numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is required (between 100-200 words).
The abstract should state briefly
the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented
separate from the
article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be
cited in
full, without reference to the reference list.
Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of
6 keywords. These keywords will be used for
indexing purposes.
N.B. Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate
section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article into clearly defined sections. Any
subsection may be given a brief
heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Appendices. If there is more
than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in
appendices should be given separate numbering:
(Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements,
including information on grants received, before the references, in a
separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
Figure
legends, tables, figures, schemes. Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are
described in more detail below.
High-resolution graphics files must always be provided separate from the main text file (see Preparation of illustrations
below).
Specific remarks
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.
Place footnotes to tables below
the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing
in the use of tables
and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Preparation
of supplementary data. Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance
your scientific research.
Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications,
movies, animation sequences, high-resolution
images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied
will be published online alongside the electronic version
of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that
your
submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors
should
submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for
each file. Please
use the following guidelines to prepare your article. Via the homepage of this journal (http://www.elsevier.com/journals)
you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files.
References
Responsibility for the
accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors. References should be placed at the
end of the paper and follow APA
style guidelines.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference
list
(and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications
should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the
item has
been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given.
Any further information, if
known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references
can be listed
separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference
list.
Text: Citations in the text should follow the referencing style used by the American Psychological Association.
You
are referred to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition, ISBN 1-55798-790-4,
copies
of which may be ordered from http://www.apa.org/books/4200061.html or
APA Order Dept., P.O.B. 2710, Hyattsville, MD 20784, USA
or APA, 3 Henrietta Street, London, WC3E 8LU, UK. Details concerning this referencing
style can also be found at
http://humanities.byu.edu/linguistics/
Henrichsen/APA/APA01.html.
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted
chronologically if necessary.
More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a",
"b", "c", etc.,
placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads,
J. A. J., & Lupton R. A. (2000). The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of
Scientific Communications, 163, 51-59.
Reference to a book:
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style. (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan, (Chapter
4).
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G. R., & Adams, L. B. (1994). How to prepare an electronic version of your
article. In B. S. Jones, & R. Z.
Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the electronic age (pp. 281-304). New York: E-Publishing Inc.
Note
that journal names are not to be abbreviated.
Preparation of illustrations
Submitting your artwork in an electronic format
helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring
accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail. Illustrations are
limited to 10 examples.
General points Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the
electronic artwork is problematic. Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. Save text in illustrations
as "graphics" or enclose the font. Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and
supply a separate listing of the files and the software used. Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy printouts
on separate sheets. Provide captions to illustrations separately. Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
For more detailed instructions, please visit our artwork instruction pages at: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the
application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one
of the following formats
(Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given
below.):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale):
a minimum of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications
please supply "as
is".
Line drawings
Supply high-quality printouts on white paper produced with black ink. The lettering
and symbols, as well as other details,
should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible
reduction; in general, the
figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined
by the
Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Photocopies
are not suitable for reproduction. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones)
Please supply original photographs for reproduction, printed on glossy paper, very sharp and with good contrast. Remove
non-essential
areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary,
insert a scale bar in
the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the legend.
Note that photocopies of photographs are
not acceptable.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a "Journal Publishing Agreement"
(for more information on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). This transfer will ensure the widest possible
dissemination of information. A letter will be
sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating
transfer of copyright will be provided. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission
from the copyright owners
and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has forms for use by authors in these cases available at
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions
phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com
Proofs
When your manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be
regarded as
'drafts'.
One set of page proofs will be sent to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. No changes
in, or
additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely your
responsibility.
The Publisher reserves the right to proceed with publication if corrections are not communicated. Please return corrections
within 3
days of receipt of the proofs. Should there be no corrections, please confirm this.
Offprints
Twenty-five offprints will
be supplied free of charge. Additional offprints and copies of the issue can be ordered at a
specially reduced rate using the order
form sent to the corresponding author after the manuscript has been accepted. Orders
for reprints (produced after publication of an
article) will incur a 50% surcharge.
NIH voluntary posting policy US National Institutes of Health (NIH) voluntary
posting (" Public Access") policy Elsevier facilitates author response to the NIH voluntary posting request (referred to as the NIH
"Public Access Policy", see http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess/index.htm) by posting the peer-reviewed author's manuscript
directly to PubMed Central on request from the author, 12 months after formal publication. Upon notification from Elsevier of acceptance,
we will ask you to confirm via e-mail (by e-mailing us at NIHauthorrequest@elsevier.com) that your work has received NIH
funding and that you intend to respond to the NIH policy request, along with your NIH award number to facilitate processing. Upon such
confirmation, Elsevier will submit to PubMed Central on your behalf a version of your manuscript that will include peer-review comments,
for posting 12 months after formal publication. This will ensure that you will have responded fully to the NIH request policy. There
will be no need for you to post your manuscript directly with PubMed Central, and any such posting is prohibited.
