Authors are requested to submit one hard copy of their manuscript to: Elchanan Cohn, Editor, Economics of Education Review, Department
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Electronic Submission Authors should submit an electronic copy of their paper when requested after the final
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Electronic
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General points We accept most wordprocessing formats, but MS Word is
preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Save your files using the default extension of
the program used.
Wordprocessor documents It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor
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and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words.
However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts, etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare
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table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared
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Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on
the manuscript. See also the section below on the preparation of electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly
advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of your wordprocessor.
Preparation of text
Presentation
of manuscript
General Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not
a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points
(not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
Manuscripts must be typewritten, double-spaced with wide margins on one
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Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often
used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Where
the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where
the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's
name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if
available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence
at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code)
are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address. If an author
has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address")
may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main,
affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is
required (maximum length 150 words), followed by the relevant JEL classification (for more information, please see: http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html).
The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented
separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be
cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they
must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide between 2-6 keywords to be chosen from the following list: costs, demand for schooling, economic development, economic impact, economies
of scale, educational economics, educational finance, educational vouchers, efficiency, expenditures, grants, human capital, input output
analysis, privatization, productivity, rate of return, resource allocation, salary wage differentials, school choice, state and federal
aid, student financial aid, teacher salaries. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations. Define
abbreviations that are not standard in this field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main text
after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
N.B. Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in
a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title
or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article into clearly
defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in
section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text." Any subsection may be given
a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction. State the objectives of the work and
provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Experimental/Materials and
methods. Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference:
only relevant modifications should be described.
Results. Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion.
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often
appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions. The main conclusions of the
study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion
section.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on
the title page.
Appendices. If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations
in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
References.
See separate section, below.
Figure captions, tables, figures, schemes. Present these, in this order, at the end of the
article. They are described in more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must always be provided separate from the main text
file (see the section below on the preparation of illustrations).
Text graphics. Present incidental graphics not suitable
for mention as figures, plates or schemes at the end of the article and number them "Graphic 1", etc. Their precise position in the text
can then be indicated. See further under the section concerning the preparation of electronic illustrations. Ensure that high-resolution
graphics files are provided, even if the graphic appears as part of your normal wordprocessed text file.
Specific remarks Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic
numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position
of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference
list.
Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number
tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them
with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables
do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier accepts electronic
supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities
to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary
files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data
is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article
and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages
at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Files can be stored on 3½ inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either
MS-DOS or Macintosh).
References Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice
versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended
in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the
standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or
"Personal communication". Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing
and listing of Web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names,
dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference
list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Text. Citations in the text should
refer to the author's name (without initials) and the year of publication, e.g. "Since Peterson (1993) has shown that..." or "This is
in agreement with results obtained later (Kramer, 1994)". For 2-6 authors, all authors are to be listed at first citation, with "&"
separating the last two authors. For more than six authors, use the first six authors followed by et al. In subsequent citations for
three or more authors use author et al. in the text.
List. References should be arranged first alphabetically and then
further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the
letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a book Becker, G.S. (1964). Human
capital. New York, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book Hansen, W.L., & King,
M.A. (1971). A new approach to higher education finance. In M.O. Orwig, Financing higher education: Alternatives for the Federal
Government (pp. 206-236). Iowa City: American College Testing Program.
Reference to a journal publication Stanovnik, T.
(1997). The returns to education in Slovenia. Economics of Education Review, 16 (4), 443-449.
The digital object identifier
(DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned
to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium
for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information.
The
correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Preparation
of illustrations
Preparation of electronic illustrations
Submitting your artwork in an electronic format
helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail.
General points - Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the electronic artwork is problematic. - Make sure
you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. - Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. -
Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. - Number the illustrations according
to their sequence in the text. - Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files
and the software used. - Provide captions to illustrations separately. - Produce images near to the desired size of the printed
version.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats Regardless
of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats
(Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale):
a minimum of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications
please supply "as is".
Please do not: - Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation)
document; - Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; - Supply files
that are too low in resolution; - Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Non-electronic illustrations Provide all illustrations as high-quality printouts, suitable for reproduction (which may include reduction) without retouching.
Number illustrations consecutively in the order in which they are referred to in the text. They should accompany the manuscript, but
should not be included within the text. Clearly mark all illustrations on the back (or - in case of line drawings - on the lower front
side) with the figure number and the author's name and, in cases of ambiguity, the correct orientation.
Mark the appropriate position
of a figure in the article.
Captions Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached
to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep
text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Line drawings The lettering
and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible
reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined
by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Do
not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones) Remove non-essential areas of
a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration
(not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the caption.
Colour illustrations Submit colour illustrations
as original photographs, high-quality computer prints or transparencies, close to the size expected in publication, or as 35 mm slides.
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together
with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure that these figures will appear in colour on the
Web for free (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in
the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of
your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation
of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications
which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please
submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.
Proofs One set of page proofs in PDF
format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post).
Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 (or higher) available
free from: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany
the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return
to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line numbers. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the
corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages
and e-mail, or by post.
Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text,
tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure
that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Proofs should be returned within 48 hours of receipt.
Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.
Author Benefits
Offprints The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively,
25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover
image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order
form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.
Discount Authors are entitled to a 30% discount on Elsevier
books (excluding major reference works).
Fast Electronic Publication Once the article has been proofed by the author,
it will be published immediately on the journal's 'Articles in Press' section on ScienceDirect, thus making it available to subscribers
to read and cite. For more information, visit: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02727757.
Author Enquiries For enquiries relating to the submission of articles, please visit the journal's homepage at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/econedurev.
From here you can also track your accepted articles (http://authors.elsevier.com/TrackPaper.html) and set up e-mail alerts
to inform you of when an article's status has changed, as well as viewing detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently
asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs,
are provided after registration of an article for publication.
