Guide for Authors
Ethics in publishing
For information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication
see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Policy and ethics
The work described in your article must have been carried out in accordance with
The
Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans 
http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html;
EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/legislation_en.htm;
Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical journals http://www.icmje.org. This must be stated
at an appropriate point in the article.
Conflict of interest
All authors must disclose any
financial and personal relationships with other people or organisations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples
of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations,
and grants or other funding. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission
declaration
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form
of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that
its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and
that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in any other language,
without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Authorship
All authors should have
made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis
and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval
of the version to be submitted.
Changes to authorship
This policy concerns the addition,
deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts:
Before the accepted manuscript is published
in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager from
the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author
names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement.
In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not
sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure
as described above. Note that: (1) Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2) publication of the accepted
manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.
After the accepted manuscript is published in an
online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the
same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.
Clinical trial results
In line
with the position of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, the journal will not consider results posted in the same
clinical trials registry in which primary registration resides to be prior publication if the results posted are presented in the form
of a brief structured (less than 500 words) abstract or table. However, divulging results in other circumstances (e.g., investors' meetings)
is discouraged and may jeopardise consideration of the manuscript. Authors should fully disclose all posting in registries of results
of the same or closely related work.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will
be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information please contact the society.)
Retained
author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the funding source
You are requested
to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe
the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report;
and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.
Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier
has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply
with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements
and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Open access
This
journal offers you the option of making your article freely available to all via the ScienceDirect platform. To prevent any conflict
of interest, you can only make this choice after receiving notification that your article has been accepted for publication. The fee
of $3,000 excludes taxes and other potential author fees such as colour charges. In some cases, institutions and funding bodies have
entered into agreement with Elsevier to meet these fees on behalf of their authors. Details of these agreements are available at
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Authors of accepted articles, who wish to take advantage of this option, should complete and submit the order form (available at
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/openaccessform.pdf).
Whatever access option you choose, you retain many rights as an author, including the right to post a revised personal version of your
article on your own website. More information can be found here:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Language and language services
Please write your text in UK English by setting your wordprocessor to English
(U.K.). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit
http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageediting or our customer support site
at
http://support.elsevier.com
for more information.
Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and
you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single
PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted
to PDF files at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence,
including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.
Submit your article
Please submit your article via
http://ees.elsevier.com/afjem/
Referees
Please submit, with the manuscript, the names, addresses and e-mail addresses of three potential
referees. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
TYPES
OF ARTICLES
Original Research: Original studies of basic or clinical investigations in areas
relevant to emergency medicine. References and a structured abstract are required. Maximum length: 3,000 words, 5 tables and/or figures,
plus the abstract (300 words) and references (max 50).
Brief Research Reports: Reports of preliminary data and findings or
studies with small numbers demonstrating the need for further investigation. References and a structured abstract are required. Maximum
length: 1,500 words, plus the abstract (max 300 words) and references (max 10) and 3 tables and/or figures.
Concepts: Descriptions
of clinical and nonclinical problems and solutions; descriptions of novel approaches to planning, management, or provision of emergency
services; and practical "how-to" articles describing aspects of emergency medicine management. A narrative abstract is required.
Maximum length: 3,000 words, plus the abstract (max 300 words) and references (max 50).
Review Articles (commissioned): Extensive
reviews of the literature on a narrow clinical topic. References must include, but need not be limited to, the past 3 years of the literature.
A narrative abstract is required. Do not combine a case report with a literature review. Maximum length: 3,000 words, plus the narrative
abstract (max 300 words) and references (max 50).
Case Conferences (commissioned): Presentation and discussion of a case by
an expert, focused on the problem-solving approach toward a particular clinical problem and discussion of differential diagnoses and
subsequent management at various stages of the patient's evaluation. Maximum length: 3,000 words plus the abstract (max 300 words) and
references (max 50).
Case Reports: Brief descriptions of a previously undocumented disease process, a unique unreported manifestation
or treatment of a known disease process, or unique unreported complications of treatment regimens. Case reports should contain an introduction,
narrative, and a discussion focusing on the implications of the case reported. They should not contain a review of the literature. Maximum
length: 1,000 words, plus abstract (max 150 words) and references (max 10), and 1 table or figure.
Editorials (commissioned):
Authoritative comments or opinions on major current problems of emergency physicians or on controversial matters with significant implications
for emergency medicine; or, qualified, thorough analysis and criticism of articles appearing in AfJEM. Maximum length: 1,500 words plus
references (max 5).
Brief Commentaries (commissioned): Brief discussion focusing on 1 or 2 key points about a single study-strengths,
weaknesses, where it fits in the context of other studies, controversies, how it should or should not change our clinical practice, or
how it illustrates some important principle of science or methodology. Maximum length: 750 words plus references (max 5).
Correspondence:
Discussion, observations, opinions, corrections, and comments on topics appearing in AfJEM; very brief reports or other items of interest.
Maximum length: 500 words, plus references (max 5). Letters discussing an AfJEM article should be received within 6 weeks of the article's
publication. Authors of articles about which letters are received will be given the opportunity to reply, which will not be shared with
the letter writer prior to publication. Letters of political or other topics unrelated to the science of medicine, as well as those containing
personal criticisms, will not be published.
Erratum: Corrections on topics appearing in AfJEM.
Maximum length: 300 words, plus references (max 5). Authors of articles about which letters are received will be given the opportunity
to reply, which will not be shared with the letter writer prior to publication. Letters of political or other topics unrelated to the
science of medicine, as well as those containing personal criticisms, will not be published.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor
used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed
and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words.
However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one
grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic
text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).
Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also
the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check'
functions of your wordprocessor.
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered
sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1,
1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do
not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature
survey or a summary of the results.
Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow
the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.
Theory/calculation
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt
with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development
from a theoretical basis.
Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results
and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions
The
main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion
or Results and Discussion section.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should
be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a
subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Essential
title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval
systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•
Author names, affiliations and contribution.
Where
the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where
the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's
name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if
available, the e-mail address of each author. The contribution of each author must also be described briefly. This should be done in
a paragraph below the names and affiliations and must reference the names of all authors. This is discussed under the heading authorship
above.
•
Conflict of interest statement.
Conflict of interest exists when a participant in the publication
process has a competing interest that could unduly influence (or be reasonably seen to do so) his or her involvement in the publication
process. Authors are expected to make a clear statement of any competing interests. Examples are discussed under the heading Conflict
of interest above.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing
and publication, also post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition
to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.
•
Present/permanent address.
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at
the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the
author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract of no more than 300 words is required. The abstract should state briefly
the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article,
so it must be able to stand alone. A maximum of three references can be used. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided,
but if essential, it must be defined at the first mention.
Types of abstracts include:
•Research abstracts should
adhere to the following format: Introduction, Methods, Results and Conclusion.
•Case reports should contain an introduction,
narrative and a discussion focusing on the implications of the case reported.
•Other narrative abstracts are acceptable for non-research
abstracts (opinions, concepts and commentary).
Graphical abstract
A Graphical abstract is
optional and would only be required on request from the editor. It should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial
form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described
in the article. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide
an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office
files. See
http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts for examples.
Highlights
Highlights
are a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article. Highlights should be submitted in a separate file
in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters per
bullet point including spaces). See
http://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.
African
relevance
African relevance is a short collection of bullet points that convey the relevance of the article in the African
context. African relevance should be submitted in a separate file in the online submission system. Please use 'African relevance'
in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters per bullet point including spaces).
Keywords
Immediately
after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts
(avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible.
These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that
are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in
the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout
the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end
of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading
the article, etc.).
Math formulae
Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where
possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be
presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed
separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes
Footnotes should
be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes
into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present
the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Artwork
Electronic
artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
•
Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier,
Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention
for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of
the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our
website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the
detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is
finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings,
halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF:
colour or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000
dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
If your electronic
artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply "as is".
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, and WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply
files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Colour artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files)
and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) in addition to colour
reproduction in print. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the
figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (
not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in
the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Number
tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them
with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables
do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
References
Citation
in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any
references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference
list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference
style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'.
Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Web references
As
a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author
names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the
reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
References
in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations
in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
Reference style
Text:
Indicate references by superscript numbers in the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always
be given.
List: Number the references in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
1. Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article.
J
Sci Commun 2000;
163:51–9.
Reference to a book:
2. Strunk Jr W, White EB.
The elements of style. 3rd
ed. New York: Macmillan; 1979.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
3. Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic
version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors.
Introduction to the electronic age, New York: E-Publishing Inc; 1999,
p. 281–304.
Note shortened form for last page number. e.g., 51–9, and that for more than 6 authors the first 6 should
be listed followed by "et al." For further details you are referred to "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical
Journals" (J Am Med Assoc 1997;
277:927–934) (see also
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html).
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of title word abbreviations:
http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service):
http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Video data
Elsevier
accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files
that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include these within the body of the article. This can be done
in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed.
All submitted files should be properly labelled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your
video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the files in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum
size of 50 MB. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web
products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose
any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the
link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and
the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Supplementary data
Elsevier
accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional
possibilities to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files
supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide the data
in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply
a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Submission checklist
The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending
it to the journal for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following
items are present:
One Author designated as corresponding Author:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded including:
• Highlights (uploaded as separate
document)
• African relevance (uploaded as separate document)
• Keywords
• All figure captions
•
All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Author affiliations and contribution to
manuscript described
• Conflict of interest statements
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked" and "grammar-checked"
•
References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text,
and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
•
Colour figures are clearly marked as being intended for colour reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced
in colour on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only colour on the Web is required, black and white
versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please visit our customer support
site at
http://support.elsevier.com.
Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier
(DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned
to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium
for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The
correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal
Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, the DOIs are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do
not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download
the files themselves. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe
Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from
http://get.adobe.com/reader. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files
will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/tech-specs.html.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return
them to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark
the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the
pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text,
tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately – please let us have all your
corrections within 48 hours. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully
before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that
Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.
Offprints
The
corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. For an extra charge, paper offprints can
be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. The PDF file is a watermarked version
of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions
of use.
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including
electronic submission) please visit this journal's homepage. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially
those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher. You can track accepted articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle.
You can also check our Author FAQs (
http://www.elsevier.com/authorFAQ) and/or contact Customer Support via
http://support.elsevier.com.
