Submission


Submission to this journal proceeds totally online. Use the following guidelines to prepare your article. Via the homepage of this journal ( http://ees.elsevier.com/jape) you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
Please submit, with the manuscript, the names and addresses of three potential referees.


Policies
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright holder.


Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright, see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail (or letter) will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a Journal Publishing Agreement form or a link to the online version of this agreement. Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions).
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.


Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.


Authors'rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details you are referred to: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.


Types of contributions
Original Research Articles should report the results of original research. The material should not have been previously published elsewhere, except in a preliminary form.


Review articles will deal with tightly defined topics, which are highly novel, and of particular interest to the readership of the journal. Suggested length of the text is approximately 5000 words.


Short communications of approximately 3000 words are also accepted. These papers should contain no more than two figures, two tables, and thirty references. A short abstract of fewer than 100 words is acceptable.


Letters to the editor should consist of about 1000 words and contain no tables, no figures, and no new data. Manuscripts should be prepared according to the following style rules. Deviation from these rules causes publication delays.


Manuscript preparation
Manuscripts should be as concise as possible, written in good English, and must be double-spaced with wide margins, page numbers (mandatory), and line numbers (optional). A single corresponding author should be identified (include telephone, a fax number, and e-mail address). Note that the e-mail address of the corresponding author will be used for all editorial correspondence and ultimately for sending proofs. Full postal address must be given for all co-authors. Authors should consult a recent issue of the journal for style if possible. The editors reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity.


Language services. Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/languagepolishing or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions.


References
All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. In the text refer to the author's name (without initials) and year of publication (e.g. "Since Peterson (1993) has shown that ..." or "This is in agreement with results obtained later (Kramer 1994)". For three or more authors use the first author followed by "et al.", in the text. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically by authors' names. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of authors' names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list. References should be given in the following form:


Mazumdar-Leighton, S., Babu, CR., Bennet, J., 2000. Identification of novel serine protease gene transcripts in the midguts of two tropical insects, Scirpophaga incertulas (Wk.) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 30, 57-68.


Elizur, A., Haupt, Y., Tearle, R.G., Howells, A.J., 1990. Gene and genome structure in Diptera: comparative molecular analysis of an eye colour gene in three species. In: Barker, J.S.F., Starmer, W.T., Macintyre, RJ. (Eds.), Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics of Drosophila. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 337-358.


DOI
The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing the DOI is shown as follows: doi:l0.lOl6/j.jbmb.2005.Ol.007.
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.


DNA sequences and GenBank Accession numbers
Authors are encouraged to check accession numbers used very carefully. An error in a letter or number can result in a dead link. Note that in the final version of the electronic copy, the accession number text will be linked to the appropriate source in the NCBI databases, enabling readers to go directly to that source from the article.


Tables
Tables should be numbered consecutively and given a suitable caption and each table typed on a separate page. Footnotes to tables should be typed below the table and should be referred to by superscript lowercase letters. No vertical rules should be used. Tables should not duplicate results presented elsewhere in the manuscript (e.g., in graphs).


Illustrations
For information on how to prepare your artwork for electronic submission, see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Photographs, charts, and diagrams are all to be referred to as "Figure(s)" and should be numbered consecutively in the order to which they are referred. They should accompany the manuscript, but should not be included within the text. All figures are to have a caption. Captions should be typed on a separate page.
Line drawings: All lettering, graph lines and points on graphs should be sufficiently large and bold to permit reproduction when the diagram has been reduced to a size suitable for inclusion in the journal. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Colour illustrations: If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures, then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version should you opt for colour in print), please submit in addition usable black-and-white versions of all the colour illustrations. The costs for exceptional colour plates may be waived at the discretion of the journal. Authors of review articles are entitled to one page of colour illustrations free of charge.


Supplementary material
Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips, and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. To ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide data in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions, please visit our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.


Proofreading
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author to be checked for typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Addenda in proofs will be printed only in exceptional cases, and only after approval by the editors. Elsevier will do everything possible to have your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete.


Offprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.


Author inquiries
Authors can track accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform them of when an articles status has changed, as well as copyright information, frequently asked questions and more.