Guide for Authors
Introduction
Phytochemistry Letters invites rapid communications on all aspects of natural product research
including: structural elucidation of natural products, biotechnology, pharmacology of natural products, ethnobotany and traditional usage,
genetics of natural products, analytical evaluation of herbal medicines, clinical efficacy, safety and pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines,
bioassay-guided isolation, natural product synthesis and chemical modification, natural product biosynthesis, metabolomics, natural product
metabolism and chemical ecology.
Link to full Guide for Authors
Some of the notes shown
here do not include all special characters. The full instructions to authors, including all special characters are available for download
as a pdf file.
pdf link
Types
of paper
• Short Communications
• Mini-Reviews
Contact details for submission
All
manuscripts should be submitted electronically through Elsevier Editorial System (EES) which can be accessed at
http://ees.elsevier.com/phytol/
Ethics in publishing
For information on Ethics in publishing
and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including
any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work
that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission declaration
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously
(except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication
elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in any
other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission
of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published
lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors
and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published
elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection software iThenticate. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/editors/plagdetect.
Contributors
Each author is required to declare his or her individual contribution to the article: all authors
must have materially participated in the research and/or article preparation, so roles for all authors should be described. The statement
that all authors have approved the final article should be true and included in the disclosure.
Authorship
All
authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition
of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content,
(3) final approval of the version to be submitted.
Changes to authorship
This policy concerns
the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts:
Before the accepted manuscript
is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal
Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed,
or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition,
removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must
follow the procedure as described above. Note that: (1) Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2)
publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.
After the accepted manuscript
is published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue
will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.
Copyright
Upon
acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright
see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information.
An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'
form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles
including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution
outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions).
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit
the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details
you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the funding source
You
are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly
describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing
of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this
should be stated. Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and
policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals
published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To
learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Language and language services
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted,
but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission
please visit
http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageservices
or our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com
for more information.
Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and
you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single
PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted
to PDF files at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence,
including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.
Submit your article
Please submit your article via
http://ees.elsevier.com/phytol/
Referees
Please submit, with the manuscript, the names, addresses and e-mail addresses of three potential
referees. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
Additional
information
Submissions from any field of natural product research are encouraged and the following list is not exhaustive:
•
Structural elucidation of natural products
• Analytical evaluation of herbal medicines
• Clinical efficacy, safety and
pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines
• Natural product biosynthesis
• Natural product synthesis and semi-synthesis
•
Chemical ecology
• Biotechnology
• Bioassay-guided isolation
• Pharmacognosy
• Pharmacology of natural
products
• Metabolomics
• Ethnobotany and traditional usage
• Natural product metabolism
• Genetics of
natural products
Manuscript Submisison
The
following item should be submitted via the online submission page:
Mol files (optional): Elsevier would like to enrich online
articles by visualising and providing details of chemical structures you define as the main chemical compounds described in your article.
For this purpose, mol files of the key compounds can be uploaded in EES.Please use your preferred drawing tool to export chemical structures
as mol files and ensure that they are well defined and do not contain aromatic bonds, R-Groups or other variables.
More information.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important that the file be
saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple
as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's
options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables,
if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs,
not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also
the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Note that source files of figures, tables
and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
To
avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your wordprocessor.
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into
clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included
in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be
given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction
State
the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Specific
names (genus, species, authority for the binomial) of all experimental plants must be given at first mention according to the Index Kewensis
(searchable online at
http://www.ipni.org) or similar authority. (The Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular
Plants, by D. J. Mabberley, 2nd ed., June 1997, Cambridge University Press; ISBN:0521414210), and preferably be in the form recommended
by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (
http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/iapt/nomenclature/code/tokyo-e/default.htm).
Named varieties of cultivars are given e.g.
Lactuca sativa cv. Grand Rapids. (The official printed version of the International
Code of Botanical Nomenclature has been published as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature {Tokyo Code}. Regnum Vegetabile 131.
Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein. ISBN: 3-87429-367-X or 1-878762-66-4 or 80-901699-l-0.)
Material
and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated
by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.
Experimental
Provide sufficient
detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications
should be described.
Subsections on the Experimental Procedures should be italicized and inserted as part of the first line of the
text to which they apply. Phytochemistry Letters encourages an extensive use of abbreviations (these are below, or the reader is referred
to other sources). The Experimental should begin with a subsection entitled General Experimental Procedures. This subsection will typically
contain brief details of instruments used, and identification of sources of specialized chemicals, biochemicals and molecular biology
kits.
This subsection describes the source(s) and documentation of biological materials used, whether in reference to whole plants
or parts there from, crude drugs, or any other material from which identifiable chemical substances are obtained for the first time.
Documentation must also include a reference to voucher specimen(s) and voucher number(s) of the plants or other material examined.
If available, authors should quote the name and address of the authority who identified each non-cultivated plant investigated. Specimens
should preferentially be deposited in a major regional herbarium where the collection is maintained by state or private institution and
which permits loan of such materials.
With micro-organisms, the culture collection from which they were either accessed and/or deposited
should be included, together with identification of the strain designation code.
The Experimental Procedures employed should be concise
but sufficiently detailed that a qualified researcher will be able to repeat the studies undertaken, and these should emphasize either
truly new procedures or essential modifications of existing procedures. Experimental details normally omitted include: (1) method of
preparation of common chemical and biochemical derivatives, (2) excessive details of separation of compounds, proteins and enzymes, e.g.
preparation of columns, TLC plates, column and fraction size.
Compound characterization: Physical and spectroscopic data for
new
compounds must be comprehensive, and follow the order shown below: compound name (and assigned number in text); physical state of compound
(e.g. oil, crystal, liquid, etc.), melting and/or boiling point; optical rotation and/or circular dichroism measurements, if optically
active; UV; IR; 1H NMR; 13C NMR; MS. For all new compounds, either high-resolution mass spectral or elemental analysis data are required.
See later section for method of data presentation.
Nomenclature: Chemical nomenclature, abbreviations and symbols must follow IUPAC
rules. Whenever possible, avoid coining new trivial names;
every effort should be made to modify an existing name. For example,
when a new compound is described, it should be given a full systematic name according to IUPAC nomenclature and this should be cited
in the Abstract or in the Experimental section. Isotopically-labeled substances should be written with the correct chemical name of the
compound. The symbol for the isotope should be placed in square brackets and should precede that part of the name to which it refers,
e.g. sodium [14C]formate.
For presentation of Optical Rotation data, Infrared Spectra data, NMR Spectral data and Mass Spectral data
please see the full instructions to authors, including all special characters available for download as a pdf file.
pdf
link
X-ray crystallography. Only essential data (e.g. a three-dimensional structural
drawing with bond distances) should be included in manuscripts. A complete list of data in CIF (Crystallographic Information File) format
should be prepared separately and deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (see
http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk
for further information) before the paper is submitted. A footnote indicating this fact is to be included in the manuscript. "CCDC contains
the supplementary crystallographic data for this paper. These data can be obtained free of charge via
http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/conts/retrieving.html
(or from the CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, UK; fax: +44 1223 336033; e-mail:
deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk)". Crystal
structures of proteins should be submitted to the Protein Data Bank (see
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb; e-mail:
info@rcsb.org).
Please submit a copy of the CIF data when you submit your manuscript.
Elemental analysis results for compounds which have been adequately
described in the literature must be given in the form: (Found: C, 62.9; H, 5.4. Calc. for C13H13O4N: C, 63.2; H, 5.3%.) New compounds
must be indicated by giving analytical results in the form: (Found: C, 62.9; H, 5.4. C13H13O4N requires: C, 63.2; H, 5.3%.) Thin-layer
chromatography
(a) For analytical TLC, dimensions of the plates can be deleted if layer thickness is 0.25 mm.
(b) Abbreviate
common adsorbents: (but use silica gel, not SiO2 as this does not describe the material accurately), Al2O3 (alumina).
(c) Preparative
forms of the technique should include details of (i) layer thickness (preparative TLC only), (ii) amount of sample applied to the layer,
(iii) method of detection used to locate the bands and (iv) the solvent used to recover the compounds from the adsorbent after development.
(d) Special forms of TLC on impregnated adsorbents can be abbreviated, e.g. AgNO3-silica gel (1:9), by wt can be assumed.
Gas chromatography
(a)
Detector used should be specified, e.g. dual FID, EC, etc.
(b) Carrier gas and flow rate should be given, e.g. N2 at 30 ml min-1.
(c)
Operating conditions, such as injector and detector heater temperatures etc., should be included.
(d) Packed columns, e.g. 6 m x 3
mm (i.d. measurement only) packed with 1% SE-30 (support material and mesh size can be omitted unless unusual).
(e) Capillary columns
should be specified, e.g. WCOT (wall coated open tubular), SCOT (support coated open tubular). The split ratio used in the injection
system and the injection volume for the sample should also be included.
High performance liquid chromatography
(a) Solvent or solvent
gradients used together with flow rate should be given.
(b) Column dimensions (length x i.d. only) and packing used.
(c) Method
of detection employed, e.g. UV or refractive index.
Biochemical conventions
Unless a common biochemical
term (e.g. ATP, NADH), biochemicals that are abbreviated should be spelled out in full (in brackets) immediately following their first
usage in the text. Enzyme names are typically not abbreviated, unless there are accepted abbreviations, such as ATPase. Where possible,
E.C. numbers should be used for enzymes, and the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) should be used (see below). Enzyme characterization
(a) Enzyme activity is expressed in units of katals
(symbol kat), the conversion of one mol of substrate per sec. It should be made clear that the measurements were made under specified
optimum conditions and were not seriously affected by losses during extraction and analysis.
(b) pH optima should be given together
with pH values for half maximal activity.
(c) Kinetic parameters should be expressed as Vmax, Km etc.
(d) Enzyme inhibitors-effectiveness
should be expressed as Ki or concentration for half-maximal activity.
(e) Optimal temperature of enzymes should not be given. This
should be expressed in terms of "Energy of Activation" and "Energy of Activation for Denaturation".
(f) Enzyme nomenclature is now
given in "Enzyme Nomenclature, Recommendations", Academic Press (1992) (
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb ).
(g) Labelling
of proteins and nucleic acids-use of labelled precursors in assessing the rate of synthesis of macromolecules must be validated by evidence
of real, direct incorporation. The possibility of occlusion or adsorption of isotopic material should be noted and it should be shown
that the labelled precursor is incorporated without prior catabolism.
Protein and nucleotide sequences
The Experimental must contain
explicit documentation of the ends of nucleotide probes used in the study if previously unpublished, or by appropriate reference to published
nucleotide numbers and/or restriction map.
In manuscripts to be published in Phytochemistry Letters, any new protein and/or nucleotide
sequence must have been submitted to EMBL, GenBank or DNA Data Bank of Japan databases, with designated accession number(s) obtained
prior to paper acceptance by the Regional Editor. The Author(s) must ensure access to this database information by timely release
of data prior to publication, as well as providing necessary documentation to those already in the databases.
Nucleotide sequence data
can be submitted either electronically (e-mail) or in computer-readable format, GenBank , EMBL and the DNA Data Bank of Japan addresses
are: GenBank Submissions, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Building 38A, Room 8N-803, Bethesda, MD 20894. Tel.: +1 301
496-2475; e-mail (submissions):
gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; e-mail (information):
info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; EMBL
Nucleotide Sequence Submissions, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton Hall, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK. Tel.: +44 (0) 1223-494401;
fax: +44 (0) 1223-494472; e-mail:
datasubs@ebi.ac.uk; world wide web:
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl; or DNA Data
Bank of Japan, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuuoka 411-8540, Japan. Tel.: (+81) 559-81-6853;
fax: (+81) 559-81-6849; e-mail:
ddbjsub@ddbj.nig.ac.jp (for data submissions); world wide web:
http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp.
Contributors
must obtain the designated accession number, which will be incorporated into the paper, prior to printing.
Only
novel DNA sequences will be published. Sequences that show close similarity to known coding or other sequences such as promoters will
not be published and will be cited by accession number. Translated protein sequence information should be published as alignments against
other gene family members. Papers containing such information about genes already known in other species should have sufficient novelty
and biological significance. Sequence only papers or papers which duplicate work in another species will not be published.
Genes known
by three letter names should be written in italics. The corresponding cognate protein should be written in capital, non-italic text.
GenBank/DNA
sequence linking
DNA sequences and GenBank accession numbers: Many Elsevier journals cite "gene accession numbers" in their running
text footnotes. Gene accession numbers refer to genes or DNA sequences about which further information can be found in the database at
the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine. Authors wishing to enable other scientists
to use the accession numbers cited in their papers via links to these sources should type this information in the following manner.
For
each and every accession number cited in an article, authors should type the accession number in bold, underlined text. Letters in the
accession number should always be capitalised (see example 1 below). This combination of letters and format will enable Elsevier's typesetters
to recognize the relevant texts as accession numbers and add the required link to GenBank's sequences.
Example 1: "GenBank accession
nos.
AI631510, AI631511, AI632198, and BF223228), a B-cell tumor from a chronic lymphatic leukemia (GenBank accession no.
BE675048),
and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no.
AA361117)".
Authors are encouraged to check accession numbers used very carefully.
An error in a letter or number can result in a dead link.
In the final version of printed article, the accession number text
will not appear bold or underlined (see example 2 below).
Example 2: "GenBank accession nos. AI631510, AI631511, AI632198, and BF223228,
a B-cell tumor from a chronic lymphatic leukemia (GenBank accession no. BE675048), and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no. AA361117)".
In
the final version of the electronic copy, the accession number text will be linked to the appropriate source in the NCBI databases, enabling
readers to go directly to that source from the article.
Results
Results should be clear
and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work,
not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published
literature.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative.
Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•
Author names
and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors'
affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter
immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including
the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate
who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers
(with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be
kept up to date by the corresponding author.
•
Present/permanent address.
If an author has moved since the
work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as
a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address.
Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Graphical abstract
A Graphical
abstract is mandatory for this journal. It should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture
the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described in the article. Graphical
abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: please provide an image with a minimum
of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular
screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See
http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts
for examples.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images
also in accordance with all technical requirements:
Illustration
Service.
Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist
of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate file in the
online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including
spaces, per bullet point). See
http://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.
Keywords
Immediately
after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts
(avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible.
These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that
are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in
the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout
the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end
of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading
the article, etc.).
Units
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the
international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
Nomenclature
and units
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities
are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI. You are urged to consult IUPAC: Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry:
http://www.iupac.org/
for further information.
Database linking
Elsevier aims at connecting online articles with
external databases which are useful in their respective research communities. If your article contains relevant unique identifiers or
accession numbers (bioinformatics) linking to information on entities (genes, proteins, diseases, etc.) or structures deposited in public
databases, then please indicate those entities according to the standard explained below.
Authors should explicitly mention the
database
abbreviation (as mentioned below) together with the actual database number, bearing in mind that an error in a letter or number
can result in a dead link in the online version of the article.
Please use the following format:
Database ID: xxxx
Links
can be provided in your online article to the following databases (examples of citations are given in parentheses):
•
ASTM:
ASTM Standards Database (ASTM ID: G63)
•
CCDC: Cambridge Crystallographic
Data Centre (CCDC ID: AI631510)
•
GenBank: Genetic sequence
database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (GenBank ID: BA123456)
•
GEO:
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO ID: GSE27196; GEO ID: GPL5366; GEO ID: GSM9853)
•
MI:
EMBL-EBI OLS Molecular Interaction Ontology (MI ID: 0218)
•
MINT:
Molecular INTeractions database (MINT ID: 6166710)
•
NCBI Taxonomy:
NCBI Taxonomy Browser (NCBI Taxonomy ID: 48184)
•
NCT: ClinicalTrials.gov
(NCT ID: NCT00222573)
•
OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance
in Man (OMIM ID: 601240)
•
PDB: Worldwide Protein Data
Bank (PDB ID: 1TUP)
•
TAIR: The Arabidopsis Information Resource
database (TAIR ID: AT1G01020)
•
UniProt: Universal Protein Resource
Knowledgebase (UniProt ID: Q9H0H5)
Math formulae
Present simple formulae in the line of
normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle,
variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations
that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes
Footnotes
should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build
footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and
present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table
footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your
original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as 'graphics' or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in
your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
•
Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images
near to the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic
artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this
site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when
your electronic artwork is finalised, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements
for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text
as 'graphics'.
TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings:
use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
If
your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is'.
Please
do not:
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
•
Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files)
and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether
or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.
For color reproduction in print, you will receive information
regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or
on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to 'gray scale' (for the printed version
should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the
figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (
not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in
the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Text graphics
Text
graphics may be embedded in the text at the appropriate position. If you are working with LaTeX and have such features embedded in the
text, these can be left. Further, high-resolution graphics files must be provided separately whether or not the graphics are embedded.
See further under Electronic artwork.
Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with
their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid
vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere
in the article.
References
Citation in text
Please ensure
that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must
be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in
the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should
include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference
as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Web references
As
a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author
names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the
reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Reference
style
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
1.
Single author: the author's name (without
initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2.
Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
3.
Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
Citations may be made
directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.
Examples: 'as demonstrated
(Allan, 2000a, 2000b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1999). Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown ....'
List: References should
be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s)
in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2010. The art of writing a scientific article.
J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51–59.
Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 2000. The Elements of Style, fourth ed. Longman,
New York.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 2009. How to prepare an electronic version of
your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304.
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of title word abbreviations:
http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service):
http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Video data
Elsevier
accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files
that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include these within the body of the article. This can be done
in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed.
All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your
video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the files in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum
size of 50 MB. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web
products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose
any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and
the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Supplementary data
Elsevier
accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional
possibilities to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files
supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide the data
in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply
a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Submission checklist
The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending
it to the journal for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following
items are present:
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded, and contain:
•
Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
•
Manuscript has been 'spell-checked' and 'grammar-checked'
• References are in the correct format for this journal
•
All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use
of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color
reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print, or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white
in print
• If only color on the Web is required, black-and-white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please visit our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com.
Abbreviations
About, approximately: ca.
Anhydrous:
dry (not anhyd.)
Aqueous: aq.
Circular dichroism: CD
Concentrated (or mineral acids): conc.
Concentrations: ppm (never ppb!),
M, mM, M, %, mol
Dry weight: dry wt; fresh weight: fr. wt
Electricity: V, mA, eV
Force due to gravity (centrifugation): g; rpm
(revolutions min-1)
Gas chromatography: GC
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry: GC MS trimethylsilyl derivative: TMSi (TMS cannot
be used as this refers to the internal standard tetramethylsilane used in 1H NMR)
High performance liquid chromatography: HPLC
Infrared
spectrophotometry: IR
Length: nm, m, mm, cm, m
Literature: lit.
Mass spectrometry: m/z [M]+ (molecular ion, parent ion)
Melting
points: uncorr. (uncorrected)
Molecular mass: Da (daltons), kDa
Molecular weight: Mr
Nuclear magnetic resonance: 1H NMR, 13C
NMR, Hz, ð
Numbers: e.g. 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000: per or -1
Optical rotatory dispersion: ORD
Paper chromatography: PC
Precipitate:
ppt.
Preparative thin-layer chromatography: prep. TLC
Radioactivity: dpm (disintegrations per min), Ci (curie), sp. act (specific
activity), Bq (1 becquerel=1 nuclear transformation sec-1)
Repetitive manipulations: once, twice, x3, x4, etc.
RRt (relative
retention time), Rt (Kovat's retention index), ECL (equivalent chain length term frequently used in fatty acid work)
Saturated: satd.
Solution:
soln.
Solvent mixtures including chromatographic solvents: abbreviate as follows n-BuOH HOAc H2O (4:1:5)
Statistics: LSD (least
significant difference), s.d. (standard deviation), s.e. (standard error)
Temperature: (with centigrade), mp, mps, mmp, bp
Temperature:
temp.
Thin-layer chromatography: TLC, Rf
Time: s, min, h, day, week, month, year
Ultraviolet spectrophotometry: UV, A (absorbance,
not OD optical density)
Volume: l (litre), l, ml
Weight: wt, pg, ng, g, mg, g, kg
Inorganics, e.g. AlCl3 (aluminum chloride),
BF3 (boron trifluoride), Cr-, CO2, H2, HCl, HClO4 (perchloric acid), HNO3, H2O, H2O2, H2SO4, H3BO3 (boric acid), He, KHCO3 (potassium
bicarbonate), KMnO4 (potassium permanganate), KOH, K-Pi buffer (potassium phosphate buffer), LiAlH4 (lithium aluminium hydride), Mg2+,
MgCl2, N2, NH3, (NH4)2SO4, Na+, NaBH4 (sodium borohydride), NaCl, NaIO4 (sodium periodate), NaOH, Na2SO3 (sodium sulphite), Na2SO4 (sodium
sulphate), Na2S2O3 (sodium thiosulphate), O2, PPi (inorganic phosphate), SO, Tris (buffer).
Organics, e.g. Ac2O (acetic anhydride),
n-BuOH (butanol), C6H6 (benzene), CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride), CH2Cl2 (methylene chloride), CHCl3 (chloroform), CH2N2 (diazo-methane),
CM (carboxymethyl), DEAE (diethylaminoethyl), DMF (dimethylformamide), DMSO (dimethyl sulphoxide), EDTA (ethylene-diaminetetra-acetic
acid), Et2O (diethyl ether), EtOAc (ethyl acetate), EtOH (ethanol), HCO2H (formic acid), HOAc (acetic acid), iso-PrOH (iso-propanol),
Me2CO (acetone), MeCOEt (methyl ethyl ketone), MeOH (methanol), NaOAc (sodium acetate), NaOMe (sodium methoxide), petrol (not light-petroleum
or petroleum ether), PhOH (phenol), PrOH (propanol), PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), TCA (trichloroacetic acid), TFA (trifluoroacetic acid),
THF (tetrahydrofuran). 1H NMR solvents and standards: CDCl3 (deuterochloroform), D2O, DMSO-d6 [deuterodimethylsulphoxide, not (CD3)2SO],
pyridine-d5 (deuteropyridine), TMS (tetramethylsilane).
For further terms used in biochemistry and molecular biology the authors should
see the websites of the nomenclature committees (
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/ ).
Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may
be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a
document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for
citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct
format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal
Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, the DOIs are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do
not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download
the files themselves. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe
Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from
http://get.adobe.com/reader. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files
will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/tech-specs.html.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return
them to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark
the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the
pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text,
tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately – please let us have all your
corrections within 48 hours. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully
before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that
Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.
Offprints
The
corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. For an extra charge, paper offprints can
be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. The PDF file is a watermarked version
of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions
of use.
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including
electronic submission) please visit this journal's homepage. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially
those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher. You can track accepted articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle.
You can also check our Author FAQs (
http://www.elsevier.com/authorFAQ) and/or contact Customer Support via
http://support.elsevier.com.
