Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology publishes original scientific research pertaining to the action of chemicals, drugs, or natural
products on the structure or function of animal (including human) cells and/or tissues. Manuscripts should address mechanistic approaches
to physiological, biochemical, cellular, or molecular understanding of toxicologic/pathologic lesions and to methods used to describe
these responses. Papers dealing with alternatives to the use of experimental animals are encouraged.
When studies involve the use
of experimental animals, manuscripts should briefly describe the procedures employed for animal care and handling. Where drugs are used
at particular concentrations in intact animal systems, the author should indicate some rationale for selection of the particular concentration.
Experiments that require the use of animals must be conducted in accordance with the Guiding Principles in the Use of Animals in
Toxicology, which were adopted by the Society of Toxicology in 1989. A statement of these principles is published in the January
1 issue.
The following types of articles will be considered for publication: Regular Articles, Highlights, Reviews in Mechanistic
Toxicology, Contemporary Issues in Toxicology. The nature of these submissions is detailed below.
Submissions of manuscripts.
It is a condition of publication that all manuscripts must be submitted in English to Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology's
submission and review Web site at http://www.elsevier.com/copyright.
Authors are requested to transmit the text and art of the manuscript in electronic form to this address. Each manuscript must also be
accompanied by a cover letter outlining the basic findings of the paper and their significance. Minimal exceptions will be exercised.
Should you be unable to provide an electronic version, please contact the editorial office prior to submission at e-mail: tox@elsevier.com;
telephone: (619) 699-6275; or fax: (619) 699-6211.
English language help service: Upon request, Elsevier will direct authors
to an agent who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact authorsupport@elsevier.com
for further information.
Manuscripts are accepted for review with the understanding that no substantial portion of the study has
been published or is under consideration for publication elsewhere and that its submission for publication has been approved by all of
the authors and by the institution where the work was carried out. Manuscripts that do not meet the general criteria or standards for
publication in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology will be immediately returned to the authors, without detailed review.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to "Journal Publishing Agreement" (for more information on this and copyright, see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information.
An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a "Journal Publishing Agreement"
form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
If material from other copyrighted works is included, the author(s) must
obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by
authors in these cases: contact Elsevier Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44)
1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.
Conflict of Interest and Source of Funding. A conflict of interest exists when
an author or the author's institution has a financial or other relationship with other people or organizations that may inappropriately
influence the author's actions. All submissions to Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology must include disclosure of all relationships
that could be viewed as presenting a potential conflict of interest. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology may use such information
as a basis for editorial decisions and may publish such disclosures if they are believed to be important to readers in judging the article.
Conflict of Interest Statements for Authors. At the end of the text, under a subheading "Conflict of Interest Statement,"
all authors must disclose any financial, personal, or their relationships with other people or organizations within 3 years of beginning
the work submitted that could inappropriately influence the work submitted. Examples of conflicts include employment, consultancies,
stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants. If there are no conflicts of interest,
authors should state that there are none. Investigators should disclose potential conflicts to participants in clinical trials and other
studies and should state in the manuscript whether they have done so. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology may decide not to
publish on the basis of a declared conflict, such as the financial interest of an author in a company (or its competitors) that makes
a product discussed in the paper. Signed copies of the Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Conflict of Interest policy form
are required upon submission. The Conflict of Interest policy form can be downloaded here.
In order to minimize delays, we strongly advise that the signed copies of these statements are prepared before you submit your manuscript.
Role of the Funding Source. All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgment at the end of the text. Authors
must also describe the role of the study sponsor(s), if any, in a study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data;
in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. If the study sponsor(s) had no such involvement,
the authors should so state.
Regular Articles. Regular Articles are those that describe a complete study based on an initial
hypothesis that typically involves a significant advance in our understanding of toxic mechanisms. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
will also consider papers describing novel and important findings of toxicological significance that do not necessarily address toxic
mechanisms. Manuscripts concerning the toxic impact of pharmaceuticals or use of selective toxicity in pharmacology are also encouraged,
but will be judged by their mechanistic impact or novelty and importance to the field of toxicology. Regular Articles should be approximately
25 to 35 pages with 1.5 line spacing including references but not including figures.
Reviews. Short reviews covering important
and timely topics in toxicology are encouraged and will also be considered for publication. These articles should be critical, balanced,
and focused discussions of contemporary topics in toxicology. Review Articles should be similar in length to a Regular Article with approximately
50 references.
Contemporary Issues in Toxicology.Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology will also consider papers describing
emerging issues in toxicology and potential solutions. These articles are intended to allow expression of scholarly opinions that are
fortified by appropriate literature references. These are not intended as an avenue for publication of novel findings, but rather should
be a synthesis of current knowledge and potential directions for an issue of contemporary importance to the field of toxicology. The
length of such reports is flexible, but generally should be shorter than regular articles.
Highlights.Toxicology and
Applied Pharmacology will accept a limited number of highly significant, complete (not a preliminary report), and timely
reports that have progressed to the stage at which the science of toxicology would be advanced were the results made available as soon
as possible. These reports will be designated "Highlights." The Highlights should be limited to no more than two tables and/or two figures
and should include no more than 12 pages with 1.5 line spacing. The articles published as Highlights will have a facilitated publication
time.
Letters to the Editor. Letters to the Editor will be accepted for publication subject to Editorial Board approval,
provided that the content deals with papers published in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology and that the comments are of scientific
value. Letters should be received within 2 months of mailing of the journal and should be no longer than 250 words. Introduction of new
data will not be permitted. Each letter will be submitted to the author of the original paper in order that any reply may be published
simultaneously with the letter.
Announcements.Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology will accept for publication announcements
of interest to toxicologists such as notices of society meetings, symposia, or other matters.
Preparation of Manuscript.
Manuscripts text should have 1.5 line spacing and references should be single-spaced. Pages should be numbered consecutively and organized
as follows:
The title Page (p. 1) should contain the article title, authors' names and complete affiliations, footnotes to
the title, and the address for manuscript correspondence (including e-mail address and telephone and fax numbers). The article title
should be comprehensive and descriptive: proprietary names must not be used in titles, but may be identified in footnotes.
Page
2 should contain an abstract. The abstract should be limited to 250 words but must contain a concise summary of what was done,
the results obtained, and valid conclusions which are drawn therefrom. It must mention the compounds or families of compounds studied,
their actions, and the species of animals. It must contain important words which are used as index terms, but not proprietary names. Keywords should be listed immediately after the abstract.
Format. The following text sections should be used. Introduction. State why the investigation was carried out, note any relevant published work, and delineate the objective of
the investigation. Methods. New methods or significant improvements of methods or changes in old methods must be described.
Methods for which adequate reference can be cited are not to be described. In the Methods section, authors should draw attention to any
particular chemical or biological hazards that may be involved in carrying out the experiments described. Any relevant safety precautions
should be described: if an accepted code of practice has been followed, a reference to the relevant standards should be given. Details
regarding animal housing conditions should be given. Results. Duplication between the text of this section and material
presented in tables and figures should be avoided. Tabular presentation of masses of negative data must be avoided and replaced with
a statement in the text whenever possible. The statement must include (a) what was done, (b) how it was done, (c) how the data were analyzed,
(d) a measure of variability, and (e) the significance of the result. Discussion. This section must relate to the significance
of the work to existing knowledge in the field and indicate the importance of the contribution of this study. Needless detailed recapitulation
of the results must be avoided. Unsupported hypotheses and speculation should be omitted.
Bibliography should be cited in
the text by the author's surname and date (e.g., Jones and Smith, 1987). When there are more than two authors use the first author's
surname followed by et al. All papers mentioned in the text must be listed in the reference list and vice versa. References should be
listed alphabetically and typed double-spaced on a separate sheet at the end of the paper with all authors included. Journal titles should
be abbreviated according to the latest edition of Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index. Only articles that have been published
or are in press should be included in the references. Unpublished results or personal communications should be cited as such in the text.
Please note the following examples:
Hesketh, R.,1995. The Oncogene Facts Book. Academic Press, London.
Noort, D., Benschop,
H.P., Black, R.M., 2002. Biomonitoring of exposure to chemical warfare agents: a review. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 184, 116-126.
Shenk, T., 1995. Group C adenoviruses as vectors for gene therapy. In: Kaplitt, M.G., Loew, A.D. (Eds.), Viral Vectors. Academic Press,
San Diego, pp. 43-54
Footnotes should be identified in the text by superscript Arabic numerals and cited consecutively throughout
the paper. All footnotes should be listed in order typed double-spaced. Proprietary names of substances and names and addresses of suppliers
should be identified in footnotes. If the paper has been presented orally in whole or in part, the date, and occasion should be included
in a footnote.
Figures Each Figure should be in one of the following preferred formats: TIFF, EPS or MS Office files. Please
refer to http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
for detailed instructions on preparing electronic artwork.
Tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in
order of appearance in the text. Type each table double-spaced on a separate page with a short descriptive title typed directly above
and with essential footnotes below.
Abbreviations. Units will be in general accordance with the International System (SI)
as adopted by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures. Periods are not used after abbreviations (note exceptions, e.g. in.
for inches).
Common abbreviations to be used in this journal are:
m meter
ppm parts per million
cm centimeter
cpm counts per minute
mm millimeter
dpm disintegrations per minute
μm
micrometer
sc subcutaneous
nm nanometer
ic intracutaneous
kg kilogram
im
intramuscular
g gram
ip intraperitoneal
mg milligram
iv intravenous
μg
microgram
po oral
ng nanogram
LD50 medial lethal dose
ml milliliter
LC50
medial lethal concentration
>μl microliter
Hz hertz mol mole
s seconds
M molar
min minutes
mM millimolar
h hours
μM micromolar
SD standard deviation
N normal
SE standard error
Ci Curie TLV threshold limit value
X mean
PDF proofs will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author. To avoid delay in publication, only necessary changes should be
made, and corrections should be returned promptly. Authors will be charged for alterations that exceed 10% of the total cost of composition.
US National Institutes of Health (NIH) voluntary posting (" Public Access") policy.
Elsevier facilitates author response to
the NIH voluntary posting request (referred to as the NIH "Public Access Policy"; see http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess/index.htm) by posting the peer-reviewed author's manuscript directly to PubMed Central on request from the author, 12 months after
formal publication. Upon notification from Elsevier of acceptance, we will ask you to confirm via e-mail (by e-mailing us at NIHauthorrequest@elsevier.com ) that your work has received NIH funding and that you intend to respond to the NIH policy request, along with your NIH award
number to facilitate processing. Upon such confirmation, Elsevier will submit to PubMed Central on your behalf a version of your manuscript
that will include peer-review comments, for posting 12 months after formal publication. This will ensure that you will have responded
fully to the NIH request policy. There will be no need for you to post your manuscript directly with PubMed Central, and any such posting
is prohibited.
Reprints. The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail
(the PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer
outlining the terms and conditions of use) or, alternatively, 25 free paper reprints, and additional copies (minimum 100) can be ordered
at prices shown on the price list accompanying the Reprint Order Form which will be sent with the proofs.
Author inquiries.
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available) please visit the journal's homepage
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