Guide for Authors
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology publishes original scientific research of
relevance to animals or humans pertaining to the action of chemicals, drugs, or chemically-defined natural products.
Regular articles
address mechanistic approaches to physiological, pharmacologic, biochemical, cellular, or molecular understanding of toxicologic/pathologic
lesions and to methods used to describe these responses. Safety Science articles address outstanding state-of-the-art preclinical and
human translational characterization of drug and chemical safety employing cutting-edge science. Highly significant Regulatory Safety
Science articles will also be considered in this category. Papers concerned with alternatives to the use of experimental animals are
encouraged.
Short articles report on high impact studies of broad interest to readers of
TAAP that would benefit from rapid
publication. These articles should contain no more than a combined total of four figures and tables. Authors should include in their
cover letter the justification for consideration of their manuscript as a short article.
TAAP also issues a standing call
for outstanding Invited Review Articles . Potential authors should contact the Editor-In-Chief and complete an Invited Review Proposal
Form before preparing or submitting their Review Article.
Types of Papers
The
following types of articles will be considered for publication: Regular Articles, Safety Science Articles, Short High Impact Articles,
and Invited Reviews.
Regular articles address mechanistic approaches to physiological, pharmacologic, biochemical, cellular,
or molecular understanding of toxicologic/pathologic lesions and to methods used to describe these responses. Regular Articles should
be approximately 25 to 35 pages with 1.5 line spacing including references but not including figures. Safety Science articles address
outstanding state-of-the-art preclinical and human translational characterization of drug and chemical safety employing cutting-edge
science. Highly significant Regulatory Safety Science articles will also be considered in this category. Papers concerned with alternatives
to the use of experimental animals are encouraged.
Short articles report on high impact studies of broad interest to readers
of
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology that would benefit from rapid publication. These articles should contain no more than
a combined total of four figures and tables and should be approximately 12 to 15 pages with 1.5 line spacing including references. Authors
should include in their cover letter the justification for consideration of their manuscript as a short article.
Invited Reviews Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology also issues a standing call for outstanding Invited Review Articles. Potential authors should
contact the Editorial Office (
tox@elsevier.com) and complete an Invited Review Proposal Form before preparing or submitting
their Review Article.
Page charges
This journal has no page charges.
Ethics in publishing
For information
on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Use of Animals
in Experimental Studies
1. All studies involving the use of animals must contain language and, if necessary, support documentation
indicating that the studies were conducted in accordance with the laws and regulations of governing authorities. A clear statement regarding
approval by the local Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) or equivalent must be made in the Methods Section.
2.
It is the policy of TAAP that no pictures of dead or moribund animals will be published in the journal.
Use of humans, human tissues,
and clinical trials
1. All studies involving humans or human tissues must be approved by the appropriate Institutional Review
Boards (IRB) in accordance with laws and policies of governing authorities. A clear statement regarding the use of humans in studies
and the source of human tissues must be made in the Methods Section with appropriate references to Informed Consent and Research Protections,
if required by the IRB. Support documentation may also be request by the journal or its editorial board.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest
including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted
work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
At the end of the text, under a subheading "Conflict of Interest Statement," all authors must disclose any
financial, personal, or their relationships with other people or organizations within 3 years of beginning the work submitted that could
inappropriately influence the work submitted. Examples of conflicts include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid
expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants. If there are no conflicts of interest, authors should state that there
are none. Investigators should disclose potential conflicts to participants in clinical trials and other studies and should state in
the manuscript whether they have done so. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology may decide not to publish on the basis of a declared conflict,
such as the financial interest of an author in a company (or its competitors) that makes a product discussed in the paper. Signed copies
of the Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Conflict of Interest policy form are required upon submission. The Conflict of Interest policy
form can be downloaded
here
.
In order to minimize delays, we strongly advise that the signed copies of these statements are prepared before you submit your manuscript.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not
been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under
consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible
authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or
in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article
may be checked by the originality detection software iThenticate. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/editors/plagdetect.
Changes to authorship
This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the
authorship of accepted manuscripts:
Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove
an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript
and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail,
fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors,
this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded
by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above. Note that: (1) Journal Managers
will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2) publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until
authorship has been agreed.
After the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or
rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'
(for more information on this and copyright see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure
the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript
together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce
tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of
the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations
and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included,
the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted
forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details
you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the
funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation
of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation
of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such
involvement then this should be stated. Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose
articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions
of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
US National Institutes of Health (NIH) voluntary posting (" Public Access") policy.
Elsevier
facilitates author response to the NIH voluntary posting request (referred to as the NIH "Public Access Policy"; see
http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess/index.htm)by
posting the peer-reviewed author's manuscript directly to PubMed Central on request from the author, 12 months after formal publication.
Upon notification from Elsevier of acceptance, we will ask you to confirm via e-mail (by e-mailing us at
NIHauthorrequest@elsevier.com
) that your work has received NIH funding and that you intend to respond to the NIH policy request, along with your NIH award number
to facilitate processing. Upon such confirmation, Elsevier will submit to PubMed Central on your behalf a version of your manuscript
that will include peer-review comments, for posting 12 months after formal publication. This will ensure that you will have responded
fully to the NIH request policy. There will be no need for you to post your manuscript directly with PubMed Central, and any such posting
is prohibited.
Open access
This journal offers you the option of making
your article freely available to all via the ScienceDirect platform. To prevent any conflict of interest, you can only make this choice
after receiving notification that your article has been accepted for publication. The fee of $3,000 excludes taxes and other potential
author fees such as color charges. In some cases, institutions and funding bodies have entered into agreement with Elsevier to meet these
fees on behalf of their authors. Details of these agreements are available at
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies. Authors
of accepted articles, who wish to take advantage of this option, should complete and submit the order form (available at
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/openaccessform.pdf).
Whatever access option you choose, you retain many rights as an author, including the right to post a revised personal version of your
article on your own website. More information can be found here:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Language and language services
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted,
but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission
please visit
http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageservices
or our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com
for more information.
Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally
online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files
to a single PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are
converted to PDF files at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All
correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for
a paper trail.
Should you be unable to provide an electronic version, please
contact the editorial office prior to submission at e-mail:
tox@elsevier.com; telephone: +1 (619) 699-6275; or fax: +1
(619) 699-6211.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used.
The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed
and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words.
However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one
grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic
text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).
Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also
the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check'
functions of your wordprocessor.
Article structure
Preparation of Manuscript.
Manuscripts text should have 1.5 line spacing and references
should be single-spaced. Pages should be numbered consecutively and organized as follows:
The title Page (p. 1) should contain the
article title, authors' names and complete affiliations, footnotes to the title, and the address for manuscript correspondence (including
e-mail address and telephone and fax numbers). The article title should be comprehensive and descriptive: proprietary names must not
be used in titles, but may be identified in footnotes.
Page 2 should contain an abstract. The abstract should be limited to 250
words but must contain a concise summary of what was done, the results obtained, and valid conclusions which are drawn therefrom. It
must mention the compounds or families of compounds studied, their actions, and the species of animals. It must contain important words
which are used as index terms, but not proprietary names. Keywords should be listed immediately after the abstract.
Format. The
following text sections should be used. Introduction. State why the investigation was carried out, note any relevant published work,
and delineate the objective of the investigation.
Methods. New methods or significant improvements of methods or changes in old methods
must be described. Methods for which adequate reference can be cited are not to be described. In the Methods section, authors should
draw attention to any particular chemical or biological hazards that may be involved in carrying out the experiments described. Any relevant
safety precautions should be described: if an accepted code of practice has been followed, a reference to the relevant standards should
be given. Details regarding animal housing conditions should be given.
Results. Duplication between the text of this section and
material presented in tables and figures should be avoided. Tabular presentation of masses of negative data must be avoided and replaced
with a statement in the text whenever possible. The statement must include (a) what was done, (b) how it was done, (c) how the data were
analyzed, (d) a measure of variability, and (e) the significance of the result.
Discussion. This section must relate to the significance
of the work to existing knowledge in the field and indicate the importance of the contribution of this study. Needless detailed recapitulation
of the results must be avoided. Unsupported hypotheses and speculation should be omitted.
Subdivision - unnumbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined sections. Each subsection is given a brief
heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line. Subsections should be used as much as possible when cross-referencing text:
refer to the subsection by heading as opposed to simply 'the text'.
Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already
published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.
Authors should draw attention to any particular chemical or biological hazards that may be involved in carrying out the experiments
described. Any relevant safety precautions should be described: if an accepted code of practice has been followed, a reference to the
relevant standards should be given. Details regarding animal housing should also be notated.
Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Duplication
between the text of this section and material presented in tables and figures should be avoided and replaced with a statement in the
text whenever possible. The statement must include (a) what was done, (b) how it was done, (c ) how the data were analyzed, (d) a measure
of variability, and (e) the significance of the result.
Discussion
This
should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate.
Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Needless
detailed recapitulation of the results must be avoided. Unsupported hypotheses and speculation should also be omitted.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and
equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on.
Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations
and formulae where possible.
•
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a
double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names.
Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address.
Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also
post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address
and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.
•
Present/permanent
address.
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address'
(or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work
must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the
research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able
to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard
or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
The abstract should be limited to 250 words. It must mention the compounds or families of coumpounds studied,
their actions, and the species of animals, but must not contain proprietary names.
Graphical abstract
A Graphical abstract is optional and should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial
form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described
in the article. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide
an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See
http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts
for examples.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images
also in accordance with all technical requirements:
Illustration
Service.
Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal.
They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate
file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters,
including spaces, per bullet point). See
http://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding
general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly
established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of
the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the
footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include
them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g.,
providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Units will be in general accordance with the International System (SI) as adopted by the 11the General Conference on Weights and
Measures. Common abbreviations to be used in this journal are:
m meter
ppm parts per million
cm centimeter
cpm
counts per minute
mm millimeter
dpm disintegrations per minute
um micrometer
sc subcutaneous
nm nanometer
ic intracutaneous
kg kilogram
im intramuscular
g gram
ip intraperitoneal
mg milligram iv intravenous
ug microgram
po oral
ng nanogram
LD50 medial lethal dose
ml milliliter
LC50 medial lethal concentration
>ul microliter
Hz hertz mol mole
s seconds
M molar
min minutes
mM millimolar
h hours
uM micromolar
SD standard deviation
N normal
SE standard error
Ci Curie TLV threshold limit value
X mean
Database linking and Accession numbers
Elsevier aims at connecting online articles with external databases
which are useful in their respective research communities. If your article contains relevant unique identifiers or accession numbers
(bioinformatics) linking to information on entities (genes, proteins, diseases, etc.) or structures deposited in public databases, then
please indicate those entities according to the standard explained below.
Authors should explicitly mention the
database abbreviation
(as mentioned below) together with the actual database number, bearing in mind that an error in a letter or number can result in
a dead link in the online version of the article.
Please use the following format:
Database ID: xxxx
Links can be provided
in your online article to the following databases (examples of citations are given in parentheses):
•
GenBank:
Genetic sequence database at the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI) (GenBank ID: BA123456)
•
PDB:
Worldwide Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 1TUP)
•
CCDC: Cambridge Crystallographic
Data Centre (CCDC ID: AI631510)
•
TAIR: The Arabidopsis Information
Resource database (TAIR ID: AT1G01020)
•
NCT: ClinicalTrials.gov
(NCT ID: NCT00222573)
•
OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance
in Man (OMIM ID: 601240)
•
MINT: Molecular INTeractions
database (MINT ID: 6166710)
•
MI: EMBL-EBI OLS Molecular
Interaction Ontology (MI ID: 0218)
•
UniProt: Universal Protein Resource
Knowledgebase (UniProt ID: Q9H0H5)
Math formulae
Present simple formulae
in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y.
In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively
any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript
Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate
the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes
in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Proprietary names of substances and names and addresses of suppliers should be identified in footnotes. If
the paper has been presented orally in whole or part, the date, and occasion should be included in a footnote.
Artwork
Image manipulation
Whilst it is accepted
that authors sometimes need to manipulate images for clarity, manipulation for purposes of deception or fraud will be seen as scientific
ethical abuse and will be dealt with accordingly. For graphical images, this journal is applying the following policy: no specific feature
within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable
if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original. Nonlinear adjustments (e.g. changes to gamma
settings) must be disclosed in the figure legend.
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text
in illustrations as 'graphics' or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times,
Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your
artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed
version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless
of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats
(note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a
minimum of 500 dpi is required.
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel)
then please supply 'as is'.
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT,
WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately
large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork
files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article,
you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web
(e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.
For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article.
Please indicate your preference for color: in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork,
please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise
by converting color figures to 'gray scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition
usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a
brief title (
not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum
but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Number tables consecutively
in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase
letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results
described elsewhere in the article.
References
Unpublished results or personal communications should be cited as such in the text.
Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference
list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are
not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they
should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished
results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication and
a copy of the title page of the relevant article must be submitted.
Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI,
author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after
the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references
in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
Reference management software
This journal has standard templates available in key reference management packages
EndNote (
http://www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp) and Reference Manager (
http://refman.com/support/rmstyles.asp).
Using plug-ins to wordprocessing packages, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article
and the list of references and citations to these will be formatted according to the journal style which is described below.
Reference style
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
1.
Single author:
the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2.
Two authors: both authors'
names and the year of publication;
3.
Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.
Examples: 'as demonstrated (Allan, 2000a, 2000b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1999). Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown ....'
List:
References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from
the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2010. The art of writing a scientific article.
J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51–59.
Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 2000. The Elements of Style, fourth ed. Longman,
New York.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 2009. How to prepare an electronic version of
your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304.
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal
abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of title word abbreviations:
http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service):
http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Video
data
Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who
have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include these within the body of
the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body
text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content.
In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the files in one of our recommended file
formats with a preferred maximum size of 50 MB. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version
of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. Please supply 'stills'
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Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and
the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Supplementary
data
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files
offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips
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including ScienceDirect:
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Submission checklist
The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal for review. Please
consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One author
has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
•
Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded, and contain:
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been 'spell-checked'
and 'grammar-checked'
• References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference
list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources
(including the Web)
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge)
and in print, or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only color on the
Web is required, black-and-white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please
visit our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com.
Use of
the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The
DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic
publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press'
because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example
taken from a document in the journal
Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059
When you use the DOI to
create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, the DOIs are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an
e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download the files
themselves. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version
7 (or higher) available free from
http://get.adobe.com/reader. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany
the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/tech-specs.html.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return
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pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text,
tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately – please let us have all your
corrections within 48 hours. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully
before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that
Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission) please visit
this journal's homepage. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will
be provided by the publisher. You can track accepted articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle. You can also check
our Author FAQs (
http://www.elsevier.com/authorFAQ) and/or contact Customer Support via
http://support.elsevier.com.
