Guide for Authors
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology publishes original scientific research pertaining to the action
of chemicals, drugs, or natural products on the structure or function of animal (including human) cells and/or tissues. Manuscripts should
address mechanistic approaches to physiological, biochemical, cellular, or molecular understanding of toxicologic/pathologic lesions
and to methods used to describe these responses. Papers dealing with alternatives to the use of experimental animals are encouraged.
When studies involve the use of experimental animals, manuscripts should briefly describe the procedures employed for animal care and
handling. Where drugs are used at particular concentrations in intact animal systems, the author should indicate some rationale for selection
of the particular concentration. Experiments that require the use of animals must be conducted in accordance with the Guiding Principles
in the Use of Animals in Toxicology, which were adopted by the Society of Toxicology in 1989. A statement of these principles is published
in the January 1 issue.
Types of Papers
The following types of articles
will be considered for publication: Regular Articles, Highlights, Reviews in Mechanistic Toxicology, Contemporary Issues in Toxicology.
Regular Articles. Regular Articles are those that describe a complete study based on an initial hypothesis that typically involves
a significant advance in our understanding of toxic mechanisms.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology will also consider papers
describing novel and important findings of toxicological significance that do not necessarily address toxic mechanisms. Manuscripts concerning
the toxic impact of pharmaceuticals or use of selective toxicity in pharmacology are also encouraged, but will be judged by their mechanistic
impact or novelty and importance to the field of toxicology. Regular Articles should be approximately 25 to 35 pages with 1.5 line spacing
including references but not including figures.
Reviews. Short reviews covering important and timely topics in toxicology
are encouraged and will also be considered for publication. These articles should be critical, balanced, and focused discussions of contemporary
topics in toxicology. Review Articles should be similar in length to a Regular Article with approximately 50 references.
Contemporary
Issues in Toxicology. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology will also consider papers describing emerging issues in toxicology
and potential solutions. These articles are intended to allow expression of scholarly opinions that are fortified by appropriate literature
references. These are not intended as an avenue for publication of novel findings, but rather should be a synthesis of current knowledge
and potential directions for an issue of contemporary importance to the field of toxicology. The length of such reports is flexible,
but generally should be shorter than regular articles.
Highlights.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology will accept
a limited number of highly significant, complete (not a preliminary report), and timely reports that have progressed to the stage at
which the science of toxicology would be advanced were the results made available as soon as possible. These reports will be designated
"Highlights." The Highlights should be limited to no more than two tables and/or two figures and should include no more than 12 pages
with 1.5 line spacing. The articles published as Highlights will have a facilitated publication time.
Letters to the Editor.
Letters to the Editor will be accepted for publication subject to Editorial Board approval, provided that the content deals with papers
published in
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology and that the comments are of scientific value. Letters should be received within
2 months of mailing of the journal and should be no longer than 250 words. Introduction of new data will not be permitted. Each letter
will be submitted to the author of the original paper in order that any reply may be published simultaneously with the letter.
Announcements.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology will accept for publication announcements of interest to toxicologists such as notices
of society meetings, symposia, or other matters.
Page charges
This journal
has no page charges.
Ethics in Publishing
For information on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics
and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other
relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence,
or be perceived to influence, their work. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
At the end of the text, under a subheading "Conflict of Interest Statement," all authors must disclose any
financial, personal, or their relationships with other people or organizations within 3 years of beginning the work submitted that could
inappropriately influence the work submitted. Examples of conflicts include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid
expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants. If there are no conflicts of interest, authors should state that there
are none. Investigators should disclose potential conflicts to participants in clinical trials and other studies and should state in
the manuscript whether they have done so. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology may decide not to publish on the basis of a declared conflict,
such as the financial interest of an author in a company (or its competitors) that makes a product discussed in the paper. Signed copies
of the Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Conflict of Interest policy form are required upon submission. The Conflict of Interest policy
form can be downloaded
here.
In order to minimize delays, we strongly advise that the signed copies of these statements are prepared before you submit your manuscript.
Submission declaration
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously
(except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication
elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without
the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Copyright
Upon acceptance
of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding
author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this
agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation
within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other
derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts
from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s)
in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details
you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the
funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation
of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation
of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such
involvement then this should be stated. Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose
articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions
of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Funding Body Agreements and Policies
US National Institutes of Health (NIH) voluntary posting (" Public
Access") policy. Elsevier facilitates author response to the NIH voluntary posting request (referred to as the NIH "Public Access Policy";
see
http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess/index.htm)by posting the peer-reviewed author's manuscript directly to PubMed
Central on request from the author, 12 months after formal publication. Upon notification from Elsevier of acceptance, we will ask you
to confirm via e-mail (by e-mailing us at
NIHauthorrequest@elsevier.com ) that your work has received NIH funding and
that you intend to respond to the NIH policy request, along with your NIH award number to facilitate processing. Upon such confirmation,
Elsevier will submit to PubMed Central on your behalf a version of your manuscript that will include peer-review comments, for posting
12 months after formal publication. This will ensure that you will have responded fully to the NIH request policy. There will be no need
for you to post your manuscript directly with PubMed Central, and any such posting is prohibited.
Language and language services
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not
a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please
visit
http://www.elsevier.com/languagepolishing or our customer support site at
http://epsupport.elsevier.com
for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside
vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions:
http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions.
Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through
the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single PDF file of the article, which is
used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF files at submission for the
review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of
the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.
Should you be unable to provide an electronic version, please contact the editorial office prior to submission
at e-mail:
tox@elsevier.com; telephone: (619) 699-6275; or fax: (619) 699-6211.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important
that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of
the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use
the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc.
Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables,
if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs,
not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also
the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Do not import the figures into the text
file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on
Electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions
of your wordprocessor.
Article structure
Preparation of Manuscript. Manuscripts text should have 1.5 line spacing and references should be single-spaced. Pages
should be numbered consecutively and organized as follows:
The title Page (p. 1) should contain the article title, authors' names
and complete affiliations, footnotes to the title, and the address for manuscript correspondence (including e-mail address and telephone
and fax numbers). The article title should be comprehensive and descriptive: proprietary names must not be used in titles, but may be
identified in footnotes.
Page 2 should contain an abstract. The abstract should be limited to 250 words but must contain a concise
summary of what was done, the results obtained, and valid conclusions which are drawn therefrom. It must mention the compounds or families
of compounds studied, their actions, and the species of animals. It must contain important words which are used as index terms, but not
proprietary names. Keywords should be listed immediately after the abstract.
Format. The following text sections should be used.
Introduction. State why the investigation was carried out, note any relevant published work, and delineate the objective of the investigation.
Methods. New methods or significant improvements of methods or changes in old methods must be described. Methods for which adequate
reference can be cited are not to be described. In the Methods section, authors should draw attention to any particular chemical or biological
hazards that may be involved in carrying out the experiments described. Any relevant safety precautions should be described: if an accepted
code of practice has been followed, a reference to the relevant standards should be given. Details regarding animal housing conditions
should be given.
Results. Duplication between the text of this section and material presented in tables and figures should be avoided.
Tabular presentation of masses of negative data must be avoided and replaced with a statement in the text whenever possible. The statement
must include (a) what was done, (b) how it was done, (c) how the data were analyzed, (d) a measure of variability, and (e) the significance
of the result.
Discussion. This section must relate to the significance of the work to existing knowledge in the field and indicate
the importance of the contribution of this study. Needless detailed recapitulation of the results must be avoided. Unsupported hypotheses
and speculation should be omitted.
Subdivision - unnumbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined sections. Each subsection is given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own
separate line. Subsections should be used as much as possible when cross-referencing text: refer to the subsection by heading as opposed
to simply "the text".
Introduction
State the objectives of the work
and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already
published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.
Authors should draw attention to any particular chemical or biological hazards that may be involved in carrying out the experiments
described. Any relevant safety precautions should be described: if an accepted code of practice has been followed, a reference to the
relevant standards should be given. Details regarding animal housing should also be notated.
Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Duplication
between the text of this section and material presented in tables and figures should be avoided and replaced with a statement in the
text whenever possible. The statement must include (a) what was done, (b) how it was done, (c ) how the data were analyzed, (d) a measure
of variability, and (e) the significance of the result.
Discussion
This
should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate.
Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Needless
detailed recapitulation of the results must be avoided. Unsupported hypotheses and speculation should also be omitted.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and
equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often
used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses
(where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the
author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name,
and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle
correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country
and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
•
Present/permanent
address.
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address"
(or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work
must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the
research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able
to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard
or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
The abstract should be limited to 250 words. It must mention the compounds or families of coumpounds studied,
their actions, and the species of animals, but must not contain proprietary names.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general
and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established
in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations
that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of
abbreviations throughout the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements
in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote
to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing
assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Units will be in general
accordance with the International System (SI) as adopted by the 11the General Conference on Weights and Measures. Common abbreviations
to be used in this journal are:
m meter
ppm parts per million
cm centimeter
cpm counts per minute
mm millimeter
dpm disintegrations per minute
um micrometer
sc subcutaneous
nm nanometer
ic intracutaneous
kg kilogram
im intramuscular
g gram
ip intraperitoneal
mg milligram iv intravenous
ug microgram
po oral
ng nanogram
LD50 medial lethal dose
ml milliliter
LC50 medial lethal concentration
>ul microliter
Hz hertz mol mole
s seconds
M molar
min minutes
mM millimolar
h hours
uM micromolar
SD standard deviation
N normal
SE standard error
Ci Curie TLV threshold limit value
X mean
Math formulae
Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small
fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted
by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript
Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate
the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes
in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Proprietary names of substances and names and addresses of suppliers should be identified in footnotes. If
the paper has been presented orally in whole or part, the date, and occasion should be included in a footnote.
Artwork
Image manipulation
Whilst it is accepted
that authors sometimes need to manipulate images for clarity, manipulation for purposes of deception or fraud will be seen as scientific
ethical abuse and will be dealt with accordingly. For graphical images, this journal is applying the following policy: no specific feature
within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable
if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original. Nonlinear adjustments (e.g. changes to gamma
settings) must be disclosed in the figure legend.
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text
in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times,
Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your
artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed
version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless
of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats
(note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a
minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications
please supply "as is".
Please do not:
• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation)
document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
•
Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office
files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether
or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.
For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color in print or on
the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to "gray scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached
to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (
not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep
text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the
table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that
the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
References
Unpublished results or personal communications should
be cited as such in the text.
Citation in text
Please ensure that
every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be
given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the
text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should
include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication". Citation of a reference
as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication and a copy of the title page of the relevant article must be submitted.
Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (DOI,
author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after
the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references
in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
Reference style
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
1.
Single author: the author's
name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
2.
Two authors: both authors' names and
the year of publication;
3.
Three or more authors: first author's name followed by "et al." and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.
Examples: "as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown ...."
List:
References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from
the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2000. The art of writing a scientific article.
J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51-59.
Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, third ed. Macmillan,
New York.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 1999. How to prepare an electronic version of
your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281-304.
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal
abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of serial title word abbreviations:
http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service):
http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Supplementary
material
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary
files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images,
background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of
your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your
submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data are provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit
the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. Video files:
please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or make a separate image. These will be used instead
of standard icons and will personalize the link to your supplementary information. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork
instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Submission
checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal's
Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are
present:
One Author designated as corresponding Author:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone
and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including
title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked" and "grammar-checked"
•
References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text,
and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
•
Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced
in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only color on the Web is required, black and white
versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please visit our customer support site
at
http://epsupport.elsevier.com.
Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to
electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon
the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly
'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown
as follows (example taken from a document in the journal
Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When
you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do
not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download
the files themselves. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe
Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how
to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and
return them to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then
mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan
the pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the
text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure
that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of
your article if no response is received.
For inquiries
relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available) please visit this journal's homepage. You can
track accepted articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's
status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions
arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.
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