Pharmacological Research publishes manuscripts in English on the results of original research in experimental and clinical pharmacology
and toxicology (General pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and methods; Biochemical and molecular pharmacology; Clinical pharmacology; Inflammation;
Smooth muscle and gastrointestinal tract; Respiratory tract; Cardiovascular and renal pharmacology; Neuropharmacology, psychopharmacology
and neuroendocrinology; Endocrine pharmacology; Chemotherapy; Pharmacognosy; Toxicology).
Types of contribution
1. Regular
papers. Original full-length research papers which have not been published previously, except in a preliminary form, may be submitted
as regular papers.
2. Review articles. Review articles are welcome but should be topical and not just an overview of the
literature.
3. Perspectives. These articles provide expert views on future research and clinical trends in specific fields.
These articles are solicited by the Editors, but suggestions are welcome.
Note: Pharmacological Research does not accept case reports
for publication, nor short communications.
Submission of Manuscripts
As of July 26th, 2005, all new manuscripts must be
submitted through the Pharmacological Research online submission and review Web site (http://ees.elsevier.com/yphrs/).
Authors are requested to submit the text, tables, and artwork in electronic form to this address. In an accompanying letter, authors
should state that the manuscript, or parts of it, have not been and will not be submitted elsewhere for publication.
Submission
items include a cover letter (Authors are highly encouraged to include a list of 5-6 potential reviewers for their manuscript, with complete
contact information), the manuscript (including title page, abstract, manuscript text, references, and table/figure legends), tables,
and figures. Revised manuscripts should also be accompanied by a unique file (separate from the covering letter) with responses to reviewers'
comments. The preferred order of files is as follows: cover letter, response to reviews (revised manuscripts only), manuscript file(s),
table(s), figure(s). Files should be labeled with appropriate and descriptive file names (e.g., SmithText.doc, Fig1.eps, Table3.doc).
Upload text, tables and graphics as separate files. Do not import figures or tables into the text document. For complete electronic artwork
submission instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
The
Publisher and Editors regret that they are not able to consider submissions that do not follow these procedures.
Submission of
an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published
lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors
and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published
elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
Role of corresponding
author
The corresponding author of a manuscript for Pharmacological Research has the duty to ensure that all the named
authors have seen and approved the original and any revised version of the paper and are in agreement with its content before it is submitted
to the Editorial Office. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content.
The corresponding author should also ensure that all those who have contributed to the research are acknowledged appropriately either
as a co-author or in the Acknowledgements. In addition, the corresponding author has the prime responsibility for ensuring the paper
is correctly prepared according to the Guide for Authors. Submitted manuscripts not complying with the Guide for Authors may be returned
to the authors for possible revision and resubmission.
Conflict of Interest Statement. Authors are requested to disclose any
possible conflicts of interest. Affiliation of authors submitting manuscripts in their role as members of industrial or government organizations
may constitute sufficient disclosure. Academic, nonprofit, consulting, advocacy, and all other authors are asked to disclose in a footnote
all sources of financial and material support for the studies and manuscripts submitted.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors
will be asked to sign a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail (or letter) will be sent to the corresponding
author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this
agreement.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners
and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department,
Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed
online via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).
All manuscripts are peer-reviewed.
On receipt of the first decision letter authors should send their revised manuscript within three months in order to ensure that the
scientific content of their manuscript is timely and up to date.
US National Institutes of Health (NIH) voluntary posting (" Public
Access") policy
Elsevier facilitates author response to the NIH voluntary posting request (referred to as the NIH "Public Access
Policy"; see http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess/index.htm)
by posting the peer-reviewed author's manuscript directly to PubMed Central on request from the author, 12 months after formal publication.
Upon notification from Elsevier of acceptance, we will ask you to confirm via e-mail (by e-mailing us at NIHauthorrequest@elsevier.com)
that your work has received NIH funding and that you intend to respond to the NIH policy request, along with your NIH award number to
facilitate processing. Upon such confirmation, Elsevier will submit to PubMed Central on your behalf a version of your manuscript that
will include peer-review comments, for posting 12 months after formal publication. This will ensure that you will have responded fully
to the NIH request policy. There will be no need for you to post your manuscript directly with PubMed Central, and any such posting is
prohibited.
Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
Electronic manuscripts have the advantage that there
is no need for rekeying of text, thereby avoiding the possibility of introducing errors and resulting in reliable and fast delivery of
proofs.
Elsevier is now publishing all manuscripts using electronic production methods, and therefore needs to receive the electronic
files of your article with two hardcopies of the accepted version
General points
We accept most wordprocessing formats,
but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred.
Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Label storage
media with your name, journal title, and software used. Save your files using the default extension of the program used. No changes to
the accepted version are permissible without the explicit approval of the Editor. Electronic files can be stored on 3 1/2 inch diskette,
ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
Wordprocessor documents
It is important that the file be saved in the native
format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most
formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify
text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed 'graphically designed' equations
or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid
for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text
should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/howtosubmitpaper). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic
text and on the manuscript. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly
advised to use the 'spellchecker' function of your wordprocessor.
Although Elsevier can process most wordprocessor file formats,
should your electronic file prove to be unusable, the article will be typeset from the hardcopy printout.
Preparation of manuscripts
1. The Chief Editors request that papers submitted for publication should be written concisely and clearly. Manuscripts should
be written in English. Authors whose native language is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscripts checked by an English-speaking
colleague prior to submission. Either the Concise Oxford Dictionary or Webster's New International Dictionary may be used as a standard
for English spelling.
Authors in Japan please note:
Upon request, Elsevier Japan will provide authors with a list of
people who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact our Tokyo office:
Elsevier
4F
Higashi-Azabu 1-chome Bldg.
1-9-15, Higashi-Azabu
Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044
Japan
Tel. (+81) 3-5561-5032
Fax: (+81)3-5561-5045
E-mail: jp.info@elsevier.com
2. Submit the manuscript to http://ees.elsevier.com.
The manuscript must be accompanied by a covering letter detailing what you are submitting (type of contribution, title, authors' names
and affiliation, etc.). Please also indicate the author to whom we should address our correspondence in the case of multiple authors
and include a contact address, telephone/fax numbers and e-mail address. Authors are requested to submit, with their manuscripts, the
names and addresses of 5-6 potential referees.
3. Manuscripts should be typewritten using a readable, uniform font, on one side
of the paper, with wide margins and line spacing of 1.5 throughout, i.e. also for abstracts, footnotes and references. Other than the
cover page, every page of the manuscript, including the title page, references, tables, etc., should be numbered. However, in the text
no reference should be made to page numbers; if necessary, one may refer to sections. Underline words that should be in italics, and
do not underline any other words. Avoid excessive usage of italics to emphasize part of the text.
4. Authors should provide a separate
cover page including:
Type of contribution
Date of preparation, number of text pages, number of tables, figures etc.
Title
(should be clear, descriptive and not too long)
Names of authors
Complete postal address(es) or affiliations
Full telephone,
Fax No. and E-mail address of the corresponding author
Present addresses of authors if applicable
Complete correspondence address
to which the proofs should be sent as a footnote indicated with an asterisk
Special instructions to the printer such as: (a) magnification
of photographs, (b) layout of figures, (c) unusual positioning of Figures and Tables in relation to text; (d) if the submitted paper
is one of a series of papers to be published in the journal the order in which the papers are to appear should be indicated.
5.
Manuscripts should be organised in the following sequence:
Cover page (see above)
Abstract
Keywords
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion (including Conclusions)
Acknowledgments and any additional information concerning
research grants, etc.
References
Tables
Figure captions
6. In typing the manuscript, titles and subtitles should
not be run within the text. They should be typed on a separate line, without indentation. Use lower-case letter type. First and second
order headings should be numbered.
7. SI units should be used, but authors may include conversions for unfamiliar units (1 bar=0.1
MPa). Do not include periods. Note the following conventions: e.g. not eg., rev min-1not rpm, mg kg-1 or l-1 not ppm, 1 bar equals 0.1
MPa, round off units to eliminate unnecessary decimal places, e.g. 124 mu not 0.124 mm (note space between number and unit), l not L
for litre, kg not Kg, s not sec, min not mins, h not hr, d for day, y not yr, 25 t ha-1 not 25 tonnes/ha, 3 mg cm-3 not three mg per
cubic cm, 23?C and 23% (no spaces), (Keating et al., 1996) not (Keating et al, 1996), al. is an abbreviation of alii (others - Latin).
Molar concentrations should appear in small caps.
8. Abbreviations may be used for unwieldy names which occur frequently and such
abbreviations must be defined the first time they occur in the text. Conventional abbreviations, e.g. EDTA, ATP, 2,4-D should be used
in preference to freshly coined ones.
9. If a special instruction to the copy editor or typesetter is written on the copy, it should
be encircled. The typesetter will then know that the enclosed matter is not to be set in type. When a typewritten character may have
more than one meaning (e.g., the lower case letter l may be confused with the numeral 1), a note should be inserted in a circle in the
margin to make the meaning clear to the typesetter. If Greek letters or uncommon symbols are used in the manuscript, they should be written
very clearly, and if necessary a note such as "Greek lower-case chi" should be put in the margin and encircled.
10. Elsevier reserves
the privilege of returning to the author for revision accepted manuscripts and illustrations which are not in the proper form given in
this guide. On arrival at the Editorial Office, papers will be checked to determine if they conform to the style and format for Pharmacological
Research. Papers that do not comply may be returned to the corresponding author with a checklist detailing faults and omissions.
11. Avoid new or uncommon acronyms. Use single letters (Greek, Roman, italic) for variables with subscripts as appropriate.
Title
This should be clear, descriptive and brief. Avoid non-specific phrases such as "A study of..." or "The effects of...". Do not give
the title a numbered subtitle or series number.
Abstract
The abstract should be clear, unstructured, and no longer than
250 words.
Keywords
Keywords are index terms or descriptions for information retrieval systems, normally up to 5 items.
Words selected should reflect the essential topics of the article and may be taken from both the title and the text.
Introduction
This should give the reasons for doing the work. As this is a specialist journal a detailed review of the literature is not necessary.
The Introduction should preferably conclude with a final paragraph stating concisely and clearly the Aims and Objectives of the investigation.
Materials and methods
A full technical description of a method should be given in detail only when the method is new.
Results
This need only report results of representative experiments illustrated by Tables and Figures. Use well-known
statistical tests in preference to obscure ones. Consult a statistician or a statistics text for detailed advice.
Discussion
This section must not recapitulate results but should relate the authors' experiments to other work and give their conclusions, which
may be given in a subsection headed Conclusions.
Tables
1. Authors should take notice of the limitations set by
the size and lay-out of the journal. Large tables should be avoided. Reversing columns and rows will often reduce the dimensions of a
table.
2. If many data are to be presented, an attempt should be made to divide them over two or more tables.
3. Tables should
be numbered according to their sequence in the text. The text should include references to all tables.
4. Each table should be typewritten
on a separate page of the manuscript. Tables should never be included in the text.
5. Tables and their footnotes should be typed
using a readable uniform font of the same size as that used in the text. Each text should have a brief and self-explanatory title.
6. Column headings should be brief, but sufficiently explanatory. Standard abbreviations of units of measurement should be added between
parentheses.
7. Vertical lines should not be used to separate columns. Leave some extra space between the columns instead.
8.
Any explanation essential to the understanding of the table should be given as a footnote at the bottom of the table.
9. Zero results
must be represented by 0 and no determination by ND; the dash sign (-) is ambiguous. Report data in such a way that readers can assess
the degree of experimental variation and estimate the variability or precision of the findings. Use the standard deviation SD and the
mean to summarise data and to show the variability among individuals. Use the standard error of the mean SEM to show the precision of
the sample mean. Always state the number of measurements on which means are based. In tables and figures use asterisks to indicate probability
values (P). In footnotes or text show the degree of significance of P, e.g. P <0.05*.
Illustrations
1. All illustrations
(line drawings and photographs) should be submitted separately. Proportion figure and tables to fit 75-mm or 160-mm column widths.
2. Illustrations should be numbered according to their sequence in the text. References should be made in the text to each illustration.
3. Each illustration should be identified by its number and the name of the author. An indication of the top of the illustrations is
required in photographs of profiles, thin sections, and other cases where doubt can arise.
4. Illustrations should be designed with
the format of the page of the journal in mind. Illustrations should be of such a size as to allow a reduction of 50%.
5. Make sure
that the size of the lettering is big enough to allow a reduction of 50% without becoming illegible. The lettering should be in English.
Use the same kind of lettering throughout in a sans serif typeface (e.g. Helvetica, Arial, Univers, Swiss etc.)
6. If a scale should
be given, use bar scales on all illustrations instead of numerical scales that must be changed with reduction.
7. Each illustration
should have a caption. The captions to all illustrations should be typed in sequence on a separate sheet of the manuscript.
8. Explanations
should be given in the typewritten legend.
9. Photographs are only acceptable if they have good contrast and intensity.
Preparation
of electronic illustrations
Submitting your artwork in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible
standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail.
• Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in
case conversion of the electronic artwork is problematic. • Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original
artwork. • Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. • Only use the following fonts in your illustrations:
Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. • Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. • Use
a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used. • Provide
all illustrations as separate files. • Provide captions to illustrations separately. • Produce images near to the desired
size of the printed version.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website: http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless
of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats
(Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum
of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please
supply "as is".
Please do not: • Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; • Supply files
that are too low in resolution; • Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Colour Reproduction
Submit colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality computer prints or transparencies, close to the size expected in
publication, or as 35 mm slides. Polaroid colour prints are not suitable. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable
colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect
and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For cost of colour
reproduction in print, you will receive information from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For more detailed instructions
please visit our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical
complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in
print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.
References
Note: Authors are strongly encouraged to check the accuracy of each reference against its original source.
1. References to the
literature should be numbered consecutively in the text in the order in which they are first mentioned, and listed at the end of manuscripts.
The references should be cited according to the Index Medicus (Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 258-65 or Pharmacol Res 1989; 21: 133-48). Examples
of correct forms of references are given below:
Journals
You CH, Lee KY, Chey RY, Menguy R. Electrogastrographic study
of patients with unexplained nausea, bloating and vomiting. Gastroenterology 1980; 79: 311-314.
When citing an Academic Press journal,
include the digital object identifier (DOI), if noted, from the article's title page. Please note the following examples.
Caya J.G.
and Truant A.L. (2000) Clostridial Bacteremia during the first year of life: an analysis of 53 patients including two new cases. Anaerobe
6: 1-9, doi:10.1006/anae.1999.0313. Marzo A. (1999) Pharmacol Res 40: 357-368, doi:10.1006/phrs.1999.0528.
Books
Eisen
HN. Immunology: an introduction to molecular and cellular principles of the immune response. 5th ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1974:
406.
Chapter in a book
Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathogenic properties of invading microorganisms. In: Sodeman WA Jr.
Soderman WA, eds. Pathologic physiology: mechanisms of disease. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1974: 457-72.
2. In the case of publications
in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. However, the titles of publications in non-Roman alphabets
should be transliterated, and a notation such as "(in Russian)" or "(in Greek, with English abstract)" should be added.
3. Work
accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred to as "in press". Authors should provide evidence (such as a copy
of the letter of acceptance).
4. References concerning unpublished data, theses, and "personal communications" should not be cited
in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text. Articles in Special Issues: Please ensure that the words 'this
issue' are added (in the list and text) to any references to other articles in this Special Issue.
Footnotes
Footnotes
should only be used to provide addresses of authors or to provide explanations essential to the understanding of Tables.
Supplementary
data
Elsevier accepts supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author
additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets,
sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier
Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is
directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic
format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit
our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Letter to the Editor Pharmacological
Research features a "Letter to the Editor" section. Letters may only refer to review or research articles published in the journal
within the past six months. They should not be divided into sections, not have a summary or abstract, and should contain a maximum of
five references.
Letters to the Editor will be given immediate attention, and might be published even if the author of the paper
they refer to chose not to reply.
Enquiries
For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic
submission where available) please visit this journal's homepage at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/yphrs. You can track
accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an articles status
has changed, as well as copyright information, frequently asked questions and more.
Contact details for questions arising after
acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.
Proofs
When your manuscript is received at the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be regarded as 'drafts'.
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. No
changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely
your responsibility.
A form with queries from the copy editor may accompany your proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections
or additions required.
The Publisher reserves the right to proceed with publication if corrections are not communicated. Return
corrections within two working days of receipt of the proofs. Should there be no corrections, please confirm this.
Elsevier will
do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this we need
your help. When you receive the (PDF) proof of your article for correction, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are
sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete. Note
that this does not mean you have any less time to make your corrections, just that only one set of corrections will be accepted.
Offprints
1. Twenty-five offprints for regular papers will be supplied free of charge.
2. Additional offprints can be
ordered on an offprint order form, which is included with the proofs.
3. UNESCO coupons are acceptable in payment of extra offprints.
Pharmacological Research does not have page charges
