The Journal of Arid Environments will publish papers in the areas described in its aims
and scopes containing the results of original work and review articles within the general field described by its title.
It will be wide in scope, and will include physiological, ecological, anthropological, geological and geographical studies related to
arid (including all dryland types) environments. Contributions should have different results and not be numbered serially. Reviews of
relevant books will also be printed.
1. SUBMISSION OF MANUSCRIPTS
General
Submission for all types
of manuscripts to Journal of Arid Environments proceeds totally online.
Via the Elsevier Editorial System Website for this journal
at http://ees.elsevier.com/yjare, you will be guided stepwise through
the creation and uploading of the various files. When submitting a manuscript to Elsevier Editorial System, authors need to provide an
electronic version of their manuscript. For this purpose only original source files are allowed, so no PDF files. Authors should select
a category designation for their manuscripts (article, priority communication, research note, etc.). Authors may send queries concerning
the submission process, manuscript status, or journal procedures to the Editorial Office at jae@elsevier.com. Once the
uploading is done, the system automatically generates an electronic (PDF) proof, which is then used for reviewing. All correspondence,
including the editor's decision and request for revisions, will be by e-mail.
Each paper will be independently peer-reviewed by international
specialists. Please submit, with the manuscript, the names and addresses of five potential referees. It is required that potential referees
not be from the same institution as the authors.
Revised manuscripts should be returned including revision notes. The revision notes
should address the issues raised in the referee report and clearly state per page (indicate paragraph and line) which changes have been
made. Additional materials may be requested at the discretion of the editor.
Conservation research ethics [bold, like the "illustrations"].
Where appropriate, authors should state that their research protocols have been approved by an authorized animal care or ethics committee.
Manuscripts may be rejected if they involve protocols which are inconsistent with commonly accepted norms of conservation research ethics.
Conservation research ethics.
Where appropriate, authors should state that their research protocols have been approved
by an authorized animal care or ethics committee. Manuscripts may be rejected if they involve protocols which are inconsistent with commonly
accepted norms of conservation research ethics.
Illustrations: Please be informed that:
1. Colour illustrations in
print will be charged on the author. Illustration costs are EURO 350 for every first page. All subsequent pages cost EURO 175. You
may include more than one figure per page.
2. Colour illustrations on the web (ScienceDirect) are free of charge.
Please
note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should
you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.
Please see detailed information on illustrations further below in the guide for authors.
Copyright Submission of
an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published
lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors
and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published
elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
Upon acceptance of
an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding author confirming
receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are
included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has
pre-printed forms for use by authors in these cases: contact ES Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44)
1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com
2. PREPARATION OF TEXT
Presentation
of manuscript
•General Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted,
but not a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal
points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
Authors in Japan kindly note: Upon request Elsevier Japan
will provide a list of people who can check and improve the English of an article (before submission). Please contact our Tokyo office:
Elsevier Japan K.K., 1-9-15 Higashi Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; tel.: +81-3-5561-5032; fax: +81-3-5561-5045; e-mail: jp.info@elsevier.com
Manuscripts must be in double-spaced form with wide margins. A font size of 12 or 10 pt is required. Avoid full justification, i.e.,
do not use a constant right-hand margin.) Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Present tables and figure legends on separate
pages at the end of the manuscript. If possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions.
Number all pages and lines consecutively.
•Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given):
1. Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations
and formulae where possible.
2. Author names and affiliations. Please give full name details for all authors.
Please include initials by which you wish to be cited (e.g. T.H. Smith). Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name),
please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all
affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide
the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
3.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication,
also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address
and the complete postal address.
4. Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described
in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to
that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript
Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
5. Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is required, (maximum
length of 200 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An
abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but
if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided,
but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
6. Keywords. Immediately
after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and',
'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used
for indexing purposes. Keywords should be chosen to expand the probability of a hit in a search programme provided by the title.
7.
Introduction. State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey
or a summary of the results. While descriptive papers will be considered for publication, the adittion of a testable hypothesis is highly
recommended.
8. Materials and methods. Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods
already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.
9. Results. This should highlight the key results (and not repeat material already in figures or tables).
10. Discussion and Conclusions. Please relate your findings to past and current published work, indicating the significance of your contribution, with its limitations,
advantages and possible applications.
11. Acknowledgements Place acknowledgements, including information on
grants received, before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
12.Appendices. If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given
separate numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
13. References. See separate section, below.
14. Figure legends, tables, figures, schemes. Present these, in this
order, at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must always be provided separate
from the main text file (see Preparation of illustrations).
•Further information on:
a. Text
graphics. Present incidental graphics not suitable for mention as figures, plates or schemes at the end of the article and number
them 'Graphic 1', etc. Their precise position in the text can then be defined similarly (both on the manuscript and in the file). See
further under the section, Preparation of illustrations. Ensure that high-resolution graphics files are provided, even if the
graphic appears as part of your normal wordprocessed text file.
b. Plant names. Check the International Plant Names Index:
http://www.ipni.org/index.html Plant names are to be presented
in italics. After the first mention, the name may be abbreviated (e.g. G. chiloensis)
c. Date Analysis. The number of
replicates and a measure of variability (e.g. standard deviation, coefficient of variation or standard error) must be included when summary
statistics such as means are presented. Inclusions of an ANOVA table should be avoided and is only advisable when it shows critical aspects
of the experiment.
d. Mathematical formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle,
variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line, e.g.,
X/Y rather than
X Y
Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate
from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
e. Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively
throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be
used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate
sheet at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list. Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote
in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
f. Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance
in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules.
Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
g. Nomenclature and units. Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units
(SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
h. Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier
now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional
possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips
and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products,
including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure
that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors
should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file.
For more detailed instructions please visit http://www.elsevier.com/authors.
Files can be stored on diskette, ZIP-disk
or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
3. REFERENCES
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely
with the authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present
in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal
communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that
the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of web references: As a minimum, the full URL
should be given. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given.
Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in
the reference list.
Text: All citations in the text should refer to: 1. Single author: the author's name
(without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication; 3. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication. Citations may be made directly
(or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first chronologically, then alphabetically.
Examples: "as demonstrated
(Zulu et al., 1956; Smith and Li, 2002; Li and Smith, 2006). Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown ...."
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference
from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Journal names should not be abbreviated.
Examples:
•Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer,
J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2000. The art of writing a scientific article. Journal of Scientific Communications 163, 51-59.
•Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, third ed. Macmillan, New York.
•Reference
to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 1999. How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones,
B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281-304.
4. PREPARATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS
•Electronic illustrations
Please submit your artwork electronically.
General points • Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the electronic artwork is problematic. •
Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. • Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose
the font. • Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. • Number
the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. • Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply
a separate listing of the files and the software used. • Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy printouts
on separate sheets. • Provide captions to illustrations separately. • Produce images near to the desired size of the
printed version.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the
following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS:
Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum
of 300 dpi. TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or
greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office
applications please supply "as is".
Please do not: • Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation)
document; • Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; •
Supply files that are too low in resolution; • Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
•Non-electronic
illustrations
If online submission is not possible, illustrations may be submitted by registered mail to the editorial office
(Please note that this is not the preferred way of submission and could cause a considerable delay in publication of the article.)
Provide all illustrations as high-quality printouts, suitable for reproduction (which may include reduction) without retouching.
Number illustrations consecutively in the order in which they are referred to in the text. They should accompany the manuscript, but
should not be included within the text. Clearly mark all illustrations on the back (or - in case of line drawings - on the lower front
side) with the figure number and the author's name and, in cases of ambiguity, the correct orientation.
Mark the appropriate position
of a figure in the article
Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions on a separate
sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the
illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Line
drawings
Supply high-quality printouts on white paper produced with black ink. The lettering and symbols, as well as other
details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures
should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations
will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations. Photocopies are not suitable for
reproduction. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones)
Please
supply original photographs for reproduction, printed on glossy paper, very sharp and with good contrast. Remove non-essential areas
of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration
(not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the legend. Note that photocopies of photographs are not acceptable.
Colour illustrations
Submit colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality computer prints or transparencies,
close to the size expected in publication, or as 35 mm slides. Polaroid colour prints are not suitable. If, together with your accepted
article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour
on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed
version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted
article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork.
Please
note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should
you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.
Supplementary material published in the online version of papers.
Supplementary material such as additional
pictures, computer programs, computer simulations, etc, can be added to a regular paper, and will be published in the online version
only.
5. SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
These are concise, but complete descriptions of a limited investigation, which will not
be included in a later paper. Examples include descriptive research on seed-germination conditions, plant responses to salinity, animal
feeding habits, etc.
Short communications should not exceed 2400 words (six printed pages), excluding references and legends. Submissions
should include a short abstract not exceeding 10% of the length of the communication and which summarizes briefly the main findings of
the work to be reported. The bulk of the text should be in a continuous form that does not require numbered sections such as Introduction,
Materials and methods, Results and Discussion. However, a Cover page, Abstract and a list of Keywords are required at the beginning of
the communication and Acknowledgements and References at the end. These components are to be prepared in the same format as used for
full-length research papers. Occasionally authors may use sub-titles of their own choice to highlight sections of the text. The overall
number of tables and figures should be limited to a maximum of three (i.e. two figures and one table).
6. THINK NOTES
Short, one page notes describing new developments, new ideas, comments on a controversial subject, or comments on recent conferences
will also be considered for publication. These notes should be sent directly by e-mail to the Editorial Office (jae@elsevier.com).
7. PROOFS
When your manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to
be regarded as 'drafts'.
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author, to be checked for
typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage.
Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
A form with queries from the copyeditor may accompany your proofs. Please answer all
queries and make any corrections or additions required. The Publisher reserves the right to proceed with publication if corrections
are not communicated. Return corrections within 2 days of receipt of the proofs. Should there be no corrections, please confirm this.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order
to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF) proof of your article for correction, it is important to ensure that all of
your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending
is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any less time to make your corrections, just that only one set of corrections will
be accepted.
6. OFFPRINTS
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail
or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet
with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
