It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to
the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item. Ensure that the following
items are present:
One Author designated as corresponding Author: • E-mail address • Full postal address
• Telephone and fax numbers • All necessary files have been uploaded • Keywords: Please supply up to 3 keywords
describing the research in your paper after the Abstract. • All figure captions • All tables (including title, description,
footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked" • References are in the correct
format for this journal • All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa • Permission
has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web) • Colour figures are clearly marked
as being intended for colour reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced in colour on the Web (free of
charge) and in black-and-white in print • If only colour on the Web is required, black and white versions of the figures are
also supplied for printing purposes
It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when
submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English. Submission of an article implies that the work described has not
been published previously, either completely or in significant part, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture
or academic thesis; that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication is approved by all authors and
tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out; and that, if accepted, it will not be published
elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
We will however consider
papers previously published in conference proceedings, provided that the authors inform us about this in the submission cover letter,
pointing out the novel parts in the new submission, and that the journal version includes significant extensions and enhancements to
the conference version. At least 50 per cent of the submitted paper should be original and not published elsewhere. The latter clause
normally ensures permission from the copyright holder, although we emphasize that it is up to the authors to secure permission from the
copyright holder, if appropriate.
Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information
on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter
will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and
credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department,
Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed
on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).
On-line submission to the
journal prior to acceptance
Submission to this journal proceeds totally on-line. Use the following guidelines to prepare
your article. Via the homepage of this journal (http://www.elsevier.com/journals) you will be guided stepwise through the
creation and uploading of the various files. Once the uploading is done, our system automatically generates an electronic (PDF) proof,
which is then used for reviewing. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revisions, will
be by e-mail. In general, no separate proof is sent to you: the PDF is your proof. A proof will be provided only when the final layout
of the article has to differ significantly from that in the initial PDF.
The above represents a very brief outline of this form of
submission. It can be advantageous to print this "Guide for Authors" section from the site for reference in the subsequent stages of
article preparation.
Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
General points We accept
most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference
and safety. Save your files using the default extension of the program used.
Wordprocessor documents It is important
that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of
the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use
the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc.
Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables,
if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs,
not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also:
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/guidepublication). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their
approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spellchecker" function of your wordprocessor.
LaTeX documents If the LaTeX file is suitable, proofs will be produced without rekeying the text. The article should preferably be written using
Elsevier's document class "elsart", or alternatively the standard document class "article". The Elsevier LaTeX package (including
detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from the Author Gateway's Quickguide: http://www.elsevier.com/latex.
It consists of the files: elsart.cls, guidelines for users of elsart, a template file for quick start, and the instruction booklet "Preparing
articles with LaTeX".
Preparation of text
Presentation of manuscript
General
Please
write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions
of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
Please provide the following data for the title page (in the order given). Title. Concise and informative. Titles
are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the Authors' affiliation addresses
(where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the
Author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name,
and, if available, the e-mail address of each Author.
Corresponding Author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence
at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code)
are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address. If an Author
has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address"' (or "Permanent address")
may be indicated as a footnote to that Author's name. The address at which the Author actually did the work must be retained as the main,
affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is
required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is
often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone.
Abbreviations. Define abbreviations that are
not standard in this field at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main
N.B. Acknowledgements.
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a
footnote to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide
your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ?), 1.2, etc. (the abstract
is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text". Any subsection
may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Appendices. If there is more than one
appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.1),
(Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements, including information
on grants received, before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
References. See
separate section, below.
Figure captions, tables, figures, schemes. Present these, in this order, at the end of the article.
They are described in more detail below. If you are working with LaTeX and have such features embedded in the text, these can be left,
but such embedding should not be done specifically for publishing purposes. Further, high-resolution graphics files must be provided
separately (see Preparation of illustrations).
Specific remarks
Footnotes. Footnotes should be used
sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into
the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes
themselves seperately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list. Table footnotes. Indicate each
footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance
in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules.
Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Nomenclature and units. Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units
(SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier now accepts
electronic supplementary material (e-components) to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the Author
additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets,
sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier
Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is
directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic
format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit
our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Files can be stored on diskette, ZIP-disk
or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh). Before submitting these, please contact ijhcs@elsevier.com stating the title and author names of
your article.
References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the Authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice
versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended
in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the
standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or
"Personal communication" Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing
and listing of Web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (Author names, dates,
reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list)
under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Text: All citations in the text should refer
to: 1. Single Author: the Author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication; 2. Two Authors:
both Authors' names and the year of publication; 3. Three or more Authors: first Author's name followed by "et al." and the year
of publication. Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically,
then chronologically.
Examples: "as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer et al. (2000) have recently
shown ...."
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than
one reference from the same Author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of
publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication: Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2000. The
art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51-59.
Reference to a book: Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements
of Style, third ed. Macmillan, New York.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book: Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 1999. How to prepare
an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New
York, pp. 281-304.
Digital object identifier. The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic
documents. The DOI consists of unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial
electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles
in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows:
doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never
to change.
Preparation of illustrations
Preparation of electronic illustrations
Submitting your artwork
in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of
detail.
General points • Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the electronic
artwork is problematic. • Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. • Save text in
illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. • Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica,
Times, Symbol. • Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. • Use a logical naming convention
for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used. • Provide all illustrations as separate
files. • Provide captions to illustrations separately. • Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
You are urged
to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats Regardless of the application
used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution
requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or
save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. TIFF: Bitmapped
line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi
is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as
is".
Please do not: • Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document; •
Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; • Supply files that are
too low in resolution; • Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions on a separate sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise
a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a
minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Colour illustrations
Submit colour illustrations as
original photographs, high-quality computer prints or transparencies, close to the size expected in publication, or as 35 mm slides.
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. Polaroid
colour prints are not suitable. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether
or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information
regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the
Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.
Proofs
When your manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to
be regarded as "drafts".
One set of page proofs will be sent to the corresponding Author, to be checked for typesetting/editing.
No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely
your responsibility. A form with queries from the copyeditor may accompany your proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections
or additions required.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately
as possible. In order to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF) proof of your article for correction, it is important
to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please
ensure your first sending is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any less time to make your corrections, just that only one
set of corrections will be accepted.
