Original research articles (Regular Articles)
Book Reviews
Original research articles should
report the results of original research. The material should not have been previously published elsewhere, except in a preliminary form.
Book Reviews will be included in the journal on a range of relevant books which are not more than 2 years old.
Submission of manuscripts
Submission of an article is understood to imply that the article is original and is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Submission also implies that all authors have approved the paper for release and are in agreement with its content.
Submission
to Harmful Algea proceeds totally on-line by way of an electronic submission system. By accessing the website http://www.ees.elsevier.com/haralg
you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. When submitting a manuscript to Elsevier Editorial
System, authors need to provide an electronic version of their manuscript. For editing purpose original source files, not PDF files,
are required. The author should specify a category designation for the manuscript (full length article, review article, short communication,
etc.), choose a set of classifications from the prescribed list provided online and select an editor. Once the uploading is complete,
the system automatically generates an electronic PDF (can be read by PDF readers) proof, which is then used for reviewing. Authors may
provide the names of three potential referees in their covering letter. Authors, Editors and Reviewers send and receive all correspondence
by e-mail via the website and no paper correspondence is performed.
Preparation of Texts
We accept most word processing
formats for accepted articles, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference
and safety. It is important that the file is saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column
format. Keep the layout as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular,
do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts
etc. Do not embed 'graphically designed' equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. The electronic text
should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/howtosubmitpaper. Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic
text. See also the section on Illustrations. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the spelling checker function
of your word processor.
LaTeX documents
If the LaTeX file is suitable, proofs will be produced without rekeying the text. The
article should preferably be written using Elsevier's document class "elsart", or alternatively the standard document class "article",
The Elsevier LaTeX package (including detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from the Quickguide: http://www.elsevier.com/latex.
It consists of the files: elsart.cls, guidelines for users of elsart, a template file for quick start and the instruction booklet "Preparing
articles with LaTeX.
Preparation of manuscripts
1. Manuscripts should be written in clear and grammatical English. Authors
whose native language is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscripts checked by an English-speaking colleague prior to
submission. Language Editing: International Science Editing and Asia Science Editing can provide English language and copyediting services
to authors who want to publish in scientific, technical and medical journals and need assistance before they submit their article or
before it is accepted for publication. Authors can contact these services directly: International Science Editing http://www.internationalscienceediting.com
and Asia Science Editing http://www.asiascienceediting.com or, for more information about language editing services, authors
may contact authorsupport@elsevier.com who will be happy to deal with any questions. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes
responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information
please refer to our terms and conditions http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorsview.authors/languagepolishing.
2.
Manuscripts should be typewritten with numbered lines, with wide margins and double spacing throughout, i.e. also for abstracts, footnotes
and references. Every page of the manuscript, including the title page, references, tables, etc., should be numbered in the upper
right-hand corner. However, in the text no reference should be made to page numbers; if necessary, one may refer to sections. Underline
words that should be in italics, and do not underline any other words. Avoid excessive usage of italics to emphasize part of the text.
3. Manuscripts in general should be organized in the following order:
Title (should be clear, descriptive and concise)
Name(s)
of author(s)
Complete postal address(es) of affiliations
Full telephone, Fax and E-mail number of the corresponding author
Present address(es) of author(s) if applicable
Complete correspondence address to which the proofs should be sent
Abstract
Key words (indexing terms), normally 3-6 items (alphabetized)
Introduction
Material studied, area descriptions, methods, techniques
Results
Discussions
Conclusion
Acknowledgements and any additional information concerning research grants, etc.
References
Tables
Figure captions
4. In typing the manuscript, titles and subtitles should not be run within the text. They should be typed
on a separate line, without indentation. Use lower-case letter type.
5. SI units should be used.
6. Elsevier reserves the privilege
of returning to the author for revision accepted manuscripts and illustrations which are not in the proper form given in this guide.
Abstracts
The abstract should be clear, descriptive and not longer than 400 words.
Tables
1. Authors should
take notice of the limitations set by the size and lay-out of the journal. Large tables should be avoided. Reversing columns and rows
will often reduce the dimensions of a table.
2. If many data are to be presented, an attempt should be made to divide them over two
or more tables.
3.Tables should be numbered according to their sequence in the text. The text should include references to all tables.
4. Each table should be typewritten on a separate page of the manuscript. Tables should never be included in the text.
5. Each table
should have a brief and self-explanatory title.
6. Column headings should be brief, but sufficiently explanatory. Standard abbreviations
of units of measurements should be added between parentheses.
7. Vertical lines should not be used to separate columns. Leave some
extra space between the columns instead.
8. Any explanation essential to the understanding of the table should be given as a footnote
at the bottom of the table.
9. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table
and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns.
Illustrations
General
Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or
enclose the font.
Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
Number
the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
Provide all illustrations as separate files.
Provide captions to illustrations separately.
Produce images
near to the desired size of the printed version.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless
of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats
(note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum
of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please
supply "as is".
Please do not:
embed graphics in your word processor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
supply files
that are too low in resolution;
submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief
title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain
all symbols and abbreviations used.
Line drawings
The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate
dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction
factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the
page format of the journal when designing the illustrations. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones)
Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite
figure (plate). Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in
the caption.
Colour illustrations
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files)
and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures, then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether
or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information
regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the
Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations. As
only one figure caption may be used for both colour and black and white versions of figures, please ensure that the figure captions are
meaningful for both versions, if applicable.
Supplementary data
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material to
support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications,
movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be
published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com.
In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file
formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption
for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instructions pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
References
1. All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript.
The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of author's names and dates are exactly the same in the text as
in the reference list.
2. In the text refer to the author's name (without initial) and year of publication, followed - if necessary
- by a short reference to appropriate pages. Examples: "Since Peterson (1993) has shown that. . ." "This is in agreement with results
obtained later (Kramer, 1993, pp. 12-16)".
3. When reference is made to a work by two authors, both names should be given using "and".
If reference is made in the text to a publication written by more than two authors, the name of the first author should be used followed
by "et al.". This indication, however, should never be used in the list of references. In this list names of first author and co-authors
should be mentioned.
4. References cited together in the text should be arranged chronologically. The list of references should be
arranged alphabetically on author's names, and chronologically per author. If an author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors
the following order should be used: publications of the single author, arranged according to publication dates - publications of the
same author with one co-author - publications of the author with more than one co-author. Publications by the same author(s) in the same
year should be listed as 1993a, 1993b, etc. For Volume (Vol.) Bulletin (Bull.), and No., Arabic numerals should be used (not underlined);
the full number of pages should be given in the form of pp. 123-128.
5. Use the following system for arranging your references:
a. For periodicals
Jones, H.D., Richards, O.G., Southern, T.A., 1992. Gill dimensions, water pumping and body size in the
mussel Mytilus edulis I. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 155(2), 213-237.
b. For books
Clark, R.B., 1992. Marine pollution,
3rd ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
c. For multi-author books
Hawkins, A.J.S., Baynes, B.L., 1992. Physiological processes,
and the regulation of production. In: Gosling, E. (Ed.), The mussel Mytilus: ecology, physiology, genetics and culture. Elsevier
Publishers B.V., Amsterdam, pp. 171-222.
6. The name of the journal should be abbreviated according to the International List
of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations, published by the International Serials Data Systems; Paris, France.
7. In the case of
publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. However, the titles of publications in non-Latin
alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as "(in Russian)" or "(in Greek, with English abstract)" should be added.
8. Work accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred to as "in press".
9. References concerning unpublished
data and "personal communications" should not be cited in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text.
Use of the Digital
Object Identifier
The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of
a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The
assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly ?Articles in press? because they have
not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a
document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks
to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change. However, please check the DOI very carefully as an error in a letter or
number will result in a dead link.
Formulae
1. Formulae should be typewritten, if possible. Leave ample space around the
formulae.
2. Subscripts and superscripts should be clear.
3. Greek letters and other non-Latin or handwritten symbols should
be explained in the margin where they are used. Take special care to show clearly the difference between zero (0) and the letter O, and
between one (1) and the letter l.
4. Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which they are first used.
5. For simple fractions use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line.
6. Equations should be numbered serially at the right-hand
side in parentheses. In general only equations explicitly referred to in the text need be numbered.
7. The use of fractional powers
instead of root signs is recommended. Also powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
8. Levels of statistical significance
which can be mentioned without further explanation are *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001.
9. In chemical formulae, valence
of ions should be given as, e.g., Ca2+ not as Ca++.
10. Isotope numbers should precede the symbols, e.g., 18O.
11. The repeated writing of chemical formulae in the text is to be avoided where reasonably possible; instead, the name of the compound
should be given in full. Exceptions may be made in the case of a very long name occurring very frequently or in the case of a compound
being described as the end product of a gravimetric determination (e.g., phosphate as P2 O5).
Footnotes
1. Footnotes should only be used if absolutely essential. In most cases it should be possible to incorporate the information
in normal text.
2. If used, they should be numbered in the text, indicated by superscript numbers, and kept as short as possible.
GenBank/DNA sequence linkin
DNA sequences and GenBank Accession numbers Many Elsevier journals cite "gene accession
numbers" in their running text and footnotes. Gene accession numbers refer to genes or DNA sequences about which further information
can be found in the databases at the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine. Elsevier
authors wishing to enable other scientists to use the accession numbers cited in their papers via links to these sources, should type
this information in the following manner:
For each and every accession number cited in an article, authors should type the accession
number in bold, underlined text. Letters in the accession number should always be capitalised. (See Example 1 below). This combination
of letters and format will enable Elsevier's typesetters to recognize the relevant texts as accession numbers and add the required link
to GenBank's sequences.
Example 1: "GenBank accession nos. AI631510, AI631511, AI632198, and BF223228), a B-cell tumor from a chronic
lymphatic leukemia (GenBank accession no. BE675048), and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no. AA361117)".
Authors are encouraged
to check accession numbers used very carefully. An error in a letter or number can result in a dead link.
In the final version of
the printed article, the accession number text will not appear bold or underlined (see Example 2 below).
Example 2: "GenBank accession
nos. AI631510, AI631511, AI632198, and BF223228), a B-cell tumor from a chronic lymphatic leukemia (GenBank accession no. BE675048),
and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no. AA361117)".
In the final version of the electronic copy, the accession number text will
be linked to the appropriate source in the NCBI databases enabling readers to go directly to that source from the article (see Example
3 below).
Example 3: "GenBank accession nos. AI631510, AI631511, AI632198, and BF223228), a B-cell tumor from a chronic lymphatic
leukemia (GenBank accession no. BE675048), and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no. AA361117)".
Nomenclature
1. Authors
and editors are, by general agreement, obliged to accept the rules governing biological nomenclature, as laid down in the International
Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
2. All biota (crops, plants, insects, birds, mammals, etc.) should be identified by their scientific names when the English term is used,
with the exception of common domestic animals.
3. The first mention of the scientific names of the species used in the work - in
title or text - should be accompanied by the taxonomic authority unless they can all be referred to a general work in which the authorities
are given. Scientific names of species referred to in other studies need no authority. Generic names should only be abbreviated when
immediately preceded in the text by the mention of the same species or another of the same genus.
4. All biocides and other organic
compounds must be identified by their Geneva names when first used in text. Active ingredients of all formulations should be likewise
identified.
5. For chemical nomenclature, the conventions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the
official recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature should be followed.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this
and copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination
of information. An e-mail (or letter) will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal
Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare
lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for
resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions).
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain
written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors
in these cases: please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors who publish in Elsevier journals to comply with potential
manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies
please visit http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies
Proofs
One set of proofs will be sent to the corresponding
author as given on the title page of the manuscript. Only typesetter's errors may be corrected; no changes in, or addition to, the edited
manuscript will be allowed. They should be returned to the publisher within 2 days of receipt. Upon receipt of a proof of the article,
the author(s) will be asked to transfer the copyright of the article to the publisher. This transfer will ensure the widest possible
dissemination of information.
Online Publication
Your article will appear on Elsevier's online journal database ScienceDirect
as an "Article in Press" within approximately 4-6 weeks of acceptance. Articles in Press for this journal can be viewed at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/15689883.
An Article in Press may be cited prior to its publication by means of its unique digital object identifier (DOI) number, which does not
change throughout the publication process.
Reprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF
file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article
and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
Additional offprints
can be ordered on are print order form, which is included with the proofs.
Author's Discount
There is a 30% discount
on most Elsevier book publications.
Contact
For inquiries relating to the submission of manuscripts (including electronic
submission where available) please visit http://www.elsevier.com/authors. The Elsevier Web page also provides the facility
to track accepted articles and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed, as well as detailed artwork
guidelines, copyright information, frequently asked questions, and more. Please note that contact details for questions arising after
acceptance of an article (especially those relating to proofs) are provided after registration of an article for publication.
