Transfusion and Apheresis Science

Submission of Manuscripts
Please submit your manuscript online using the submission system at: http://ees.elsevier.com/trasci/

Editorial Office Contact details:
Transfusion and Apheresis Science
Canadian Apheresis Group
199-435 St. Laurent Boulevard
Ottawa, Ontario
K1K 2Z8
Canada Tel: +1 613 748 9613; Fax: +1 613-748-6392)
cag@ca.inter.net

All manuscripts are peer-reviewed. On receipt of the first decision letter authors should send their revised manuscript within three months in order to ensure that the scientific content of their manuscript is timely and up to date.

Types of Contribution
Original articles; Review articles; Theme section; Brief case reports; Letters to the editor; Review of meetings. Manuscripts should be 2000-4000 words in length.

Authorship: All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted.

Acknowledgements: All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship as defined above should be listed in an acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support. Authors should disclose whether they had any writing assistance and identify the entity that paid for this assistance.

Conflict of interest: At the end of the text, under a subheading "Conflict of interest statement" all authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organisations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding.

Role of the funding source: All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgement at the end of the text. Authors should declare the role of study sponsors, if any, in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. If the study sponsors had no such involvement, the authors should so state.

Randomised controlled trials: All randomised controlled trials submitted for publication in Transfusion and Apheresis Science should include a completed Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow chart. Please refer to the CONSORT statement website at http://www.consort-statement.org for more information. Transfusion and Apheresis Science has adopted the proposal from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) which require, as a condition of consideration for publication of clinical trials, registration in a public trials registry. Trials must register at or before the onset of patient enrolment. The clinical trial registration number should be included at the end of the abstract of the article. For this purpose, a clinical trial is defined as any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects of health outcomes. Health-related interventions include any intervention used to modify a biomedical or health-related outcome (for example drugs, surgical procedures, devices, behavioural treatments, dietary interventions, and process-of-care changes). Health outcomes include any biomedical or health-related measures obtained in patients or participants, including pharmacokinetic measures and adverse events. Purely observational studies (those in which the assignment of the medical intervention is not at the discretion of the investigator) will not require registration. Further information can be found at www.icmje.org.

Disclosure of clinical trial results:
In line with the position of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, the Journal is willing to consider manuscripts which include results posted in the same clinical trials registry in which primary registration resides. It will not consider such postings to be prior publication,  providing the results posted are presented in the form of a brief structured (<500 words) abstract or table. However, divulging results in other circumstances (eg, investors' meetings) is strongly discouraged and may jeopardise consideration of the manuscript. Authors should fully disclose all posting in registries of results of the same or closely related work.

Ethics: Work on human beings that is submitted to Transfusion and Apheresis Science should comply with the principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki; Recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects. Adopted by the 18th World Medical Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964, amended by the 29th World Medical Assembly, Tokyo, Japan, October 1975, the 35th World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 1983, and the 41st World Medical Assembly, Hong Kong, September 1989. The manuscript should contain a statement that the work has been approved by the appropriate ethical committees related to the institution(s) in which it was performed and that subjects gave informed consent to the work. Studies involving experiments with animals must state that their care was in accordance with institution guidelines. Patients' and volunteers' names, initials, and hospital numbers should not be used.

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis) and that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Copyright: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a "Journal Publishing Agreement" (for more information on this and copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An email (or letter) will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a "Journal Publishing Agreement" form.

If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Philadelphia, PA, USA: Tel. (+1) 215 238 7869; Fax (+1) 215 238 2239; email healthpermissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed online via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).

Special Subject Repositories: Certain repositories such as PubMed Central ("PMC") are authorized under special arrangement with Elsevier to process and post certain articles. The following agreements have been established for authors whose articles have been accepted for publication in an Elsevier journal and whose underlying research is supported by one of the following funding bodies:
• National Institutes of Health. Elsevier will send a version of the author's accepted manuscript that includes author revisions following peer-review for public access posting 12 months after final publication. Because the NIH 'Public Access' policy is voluntary, authors may elect not to deposit such articles in PMC. If you wish to 'opt out' and not deposit to PMC, you may indicate this by sending an e-mail to NIHauthorrequest@elsevier.com. More information regarding the agreement between Elsevier and the National Institutes of Health can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/nihauthorrequest
• The Wellcome Trust. Elsevier will send to PMC the version of the author's manuscript that reflects all author-agreed changes including those made post peer review, for public access posting immediately after final publication. Authors are required to initially subsidize their manuscript with fees reimbursed by the Wellcome Trust. Wellcome Trust authors, whose manuscripts are subsidized, will have the corresponding articles made free to non-subscribers on ScienceDirect and Elsevier's electronic publishing platforms. More information regarding the agreement between Elsevier and The Wellcome Trust can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/wellcometrust.

Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
Please submit an electronic version of the manuscript. Be very careful to follow the style for headings, references, key words and other matters as seen in a recent issue of the journal. Please supply FAX and E-mail addresses if available.

Electronic manuscripts have the advantage that there is no need for rekeying of text, thereby avoiding the possibility of introducing errors and resulting in reliable and fast delivery of proofs.

Wordprocessor documents It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed 'graphically designed' equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts. Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authors.authors/authorartworkinstructions. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spellchecker' function of your wordprocessor.

Preparation of manuscripts
1. The Editor requests that papers submitted for publication should be written concisely and clearly. Manuscripts should be written in English. Authors whose native language is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscripts checked by an English-speaking colleague prior to submission. Either the Concise Oxford Dictionary or Webster's New International Dictionary may be used as a standard for English spelling.
Authors in Japan please note: Upon request, Elsevier Japan will provide authors with a list of people who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact our Tokyo office:
Elsevier Japan
9-15, Higashi-Azabu 1-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044
Japan
Tel. (+81) 3-5561-5032
Fax: (+81)3-5561-5045
E-mail: info@elsevier.co.jp

2. Please submit an electronic version of the manuscript. The manuscript must be accompanied by a covering letter detailing what you are submitting, including the type of contribution, title, full names of all authors (senior author first), their degrees and institutional affiliations. The upper right-hand corner of each manuscript page should contain the senior author's last name and the page number. Please also indicate the author to whom we should address our correspondence in the case of multiple authors and include a contact address, telephone/fax numbers and e-mail address. Authors are requested to submit, with their manuscripts, the names and addresses of 2-3 potential referees.

3. Manuscripts should be typewritten using a readable, uniform font, on one side of the paper, with wide margins and double spaced throughout, i.e. also for abstracts, footnotes and references. Other than the cover page, every page of the manuscript, including the title page, references, tables, etc., should be numbered. However, in the text no reference should be made to page numbers; if necessary, one may refer to sections. Underline words that should be in italics, and do not underline any other words. Avoid excessive usage of italics to emphasize part of the text.

4. Authors should provide a separate cover page including:
Type of contribution
Date of preparation, number of text pages, number of tables, figures etc.
Title (should be clear, descriptive and not too long)
Names of authors
Complete postal address(es) or affiliations
Full telephone, Fax No. and E-mail address of the corresponding author
Present addresses of authors if applicable
Complete correspondence address to which the proofs should be sent as a footnote indicated with an asterisk
Special instructions to the printer such as: (a) magnification of photographs, (b) layout of figures, (c) unusual positioning of Figures and Tables in relation to text; (d) if the submitted paper is one of a series of papers to be published in the journal the order in which the papers are to appear should be indicated.

5. Manuscripts should be organised in the following sequence:
Cover page (see above)
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion (including Conclusions)
Acknowledgments and any additional information concerning research grants, etc.
References
Tables
Figure captions

6. In typing the manuscript, titles and subtitles should not be run within the text. They should be typed on a separate line, without indentation. Use lower-case letter type. First and second order headings should be numbered.

7. SI units should be used, but authors may include conversions for unfamiliar units (1 bar=0.1 MPa). Do not include periods. Note the following conventions: e.g. not eg., rev min-1 not rpm, mg kg-1 or l-1 not ppm, 1 bar equals 0.1 MPa, round off units to eliminate unnecessary decimal places, e.g. 124 mu not 0.124 mm (note space between number and unit), l not L for litre, kg not Kg, s not sec, min not mins, h not hr, d for day, y not yr, 25 t ha-1 not 25 tonnes/ha, 3 mg cm-3 not three mg per cubic cm, 23øC and 23%(no spaces), (Keating et al., 1996) not (Keating et al., 1996), al. is an abbreviation of alii (others - Latin). Molar concentrations should appear in small caps.

8. Abbreviations may be used for unwieldy names which occur frequently and such abbreviations must be defined the first time they occur in the text. Conventional abbreviations, e.g. EDTA, ATP, 2,4-D should be used in preference to freshly coined ones. 9. If a special instruction to the copy editor or typesetter is written on the copy, it should be encircled. The typesetter will then know that the enclosed matter is not to be set in type. When a typewritten character may have more than one meaning (e.g., the lower case letter l may be confused with the numeral 1), a note should be inserted in a circle in the margin to make the meaning clear to the typesetter. If Greek letters or uncommon symbols are used in the manuscript, they should be written very clearly, and if necessary a note such as "Greek lower-case chi" should be put in the margin and encircled.

10. Elsevier reserves the privilege of returning to the author for revision accepted manuscripts and illustrations which are not in the proper form given in this guide. On arrival at the Editorial Office, papers will be checked to determine if they conform to the style and format for Transfusion and Apheresis Science. Papers that do not comply may be returned to the corresponding author with a check list detailing faults and omissions.

11. Avoid new or uncommon acronyms. Use single letters (Greek, Roman, italic) for variables with subscripts as appropriate.

Title
This should be clear, descriptive and brief. Avoid non-specific phrases such as "A study of..." or "The effects of...". Do not give the title a numbered subtitle or series number.

Abstract
The abstract should be clear, descriptive and not longer than 100 words.

Introduction
This should give the reasons for doing the work. The Introduction should preferably conclude with a final paragraph stating concisely and clearly the Aims and Objectives of the investigation.

Materials and methods
A full technical description of a method should be given in detail only when the method is new.

Results
This need only report results of representative experiments illustrated by Tables and Figures. Use well-known statistical tests in preference to obscure ones. Consult a statistician or a statistics text for detailed advice.

Discussion
This section must not recapitulate results but should relate the authors' experiments to other work and give their conclusions, which may be given in a subsection headed Conclusions.

Tables
1. Authors should take notice of the limitations set by the size and lay-out of the journal. Large tables should be avoided. Reversing columns and rows will often reduce the dimensions of a table.

2. If many data are to be presented, an attempt should be made to divide them over two or more tables.

3. Drawn tables, from which blocks need to be made, should not be folded.

4. Tables should be numbered according to their sequence in the text. The text should include references to all tables.

5. Each table should be typewritten on a separate page of the manuscript. Tables should never be included in the text.

6. Tables and their footnotes should be typed using a readable uniform font of the same size as that used in the text. Each text should have a brief and self-explanatory title.

7. Column headings should be brief, but sufficiently explanatory. Standard abbreviations of units of measurement should be added between parentheses.

8. Vertical lines should not be used to separate columns. Leave some extra space between the columns instead.

9. Any explanation essential to the understanding of the table should be given as a footnote at the bottom of the table.

10. Zero results must be represented by 0 and no determination by ND; the dash sign (-) is ambiguous. Report data in such a way that readers can assess the degree of experimental variation and estimate the variability or precision of the findings. Use the standard deviation SD and the mean to summarise data and to show the variability among individuals. Use the standard error of the mean SEM to show the precision of the sample mean. Always state the number of measurements on which means are based. In tables and figures use asterisks to indicate probability values (P). In footnotes or text show the degree of significance of P, e.g. P <0.05* .

Illustrations
1. All illustrations (line drawings and black and white photographs) should be submitted separately, unmounted and not folded. They should be camera ready. Proportion figure and tables to fit 75-mm or 160-mm column widths. Please see below for colour instructions.

2. Illustrations should be numbered according to their sequence in the text. References should be made in the text to each illustration.

3. Each illustration should be identified on the reverse side (or - in the case of line drawings - on the lower front side) by its number and the name of the author. An indication of the top of the illustrations is required in photographs of profiles, thin sections, and other cases where doubt can arise.

4. Illustrations should be designed with the format of the page of the journal in mind. Illustrations should be of such a size as to allow a reduction of 50%.

5. Lettering should be in black ink or by printed labels. Make sure that the size of the lettering is big enough to allow a reduction of 50% without becoming illegible. The lettering should be in English. Use the same kind of lettering throughout in a sans serif typeface (e.g. Helvetica, Arial, Univers, Swiss etc.)

6. If a scale should be given, use bar scales on all illustrations instead of numerical scales that must be changed with reduction.

7. Each illustration should have a caption. The captions to all illustrations should be typed in sequence on a separate sheet of the manuscript.

8. Explanations should be given in the typewritten legend. Drawn text in the illustrations should be kept to a minimum.

9. Black and white photographs are only acceptable if they have good contrast and intensity. Sharp and glossy copies are required. Reproductions of photographs already printed cannot be accepted.

Preparation of electronic illustrations

Submitting your artwork in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail.

• Always supply high-quality printouts of your artwork, in case conversion of the electronic artwork is problematic.
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used.
• Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy printouts on separate sheets.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.


A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.

Formats Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):

EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".

Please do not:
• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Colour reproduction

Submit colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality computer prints or transparencies, close to the size expected in publication, or as 35 mm slides. Polaroid colour prints are not suitable. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.

Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.

References
All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. In the text refer to references by a number in square brackets on the line (e.g. Since Napychank [1]), and the full reference should be given in a numerical list at the end of the paper. Reference lists should contain no more than 50 items. Journal abbreviations should be acquired from Index Medicus. Citations in the text should be numbered sequentially and should appear in the same order in the references. Journal and text references should conform to the following styles:

Journal: Author's last name, author's initials, article title, abbreviated name of journal (from Index Medicus), year of publication; volume (and number if needed): and page(s) referenced.

Example: Napychank PA, McDonough W, Simon TL, Snyder EL. In vitro evaluation of a new dual screen microaggregate filter. Transfus Sci 1991; 12:101-107.

Book: Author's last name, author's initials, book title, edition, place of publication, publisher, year of publication, and page(s) referenced.

Example: Lillie RD. Histopathologic Technic and Practical Histochemistry, 3rd edn. New York, Blakiston, 1965, p. 39.

Book chapter: Author's last name, author's initials, chapter title, editor of book, book title, volume or edition, place of publication, publisher, year of publication, and page(s) referenced.

Example:
Habner JF, Potts Jr JT: Clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism, in de Groot LJ, editor. Endocrinology, vol. 2. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979, pp. 698-736.

Note: Authors are strongly encouraged to check the accuracy of each reference against its original source.

In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. However, the titles of publications in non-Roman alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as "(in Russian)" or "(in Greek, with English abstract)" should be added.

Work accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred to as "in press". Authors should provide evidence (such as a copy of the letter of acceptance).

References concerning unpublished data, theses, and "personal communications" should not be cited in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text.

Formulae
1. Formulae should be typewritten, if possible. Leave ample space around the formulae.

2. Subscripts and superscripts should be clear.

3. Greek letters and other non-Roman or handwritten symbols should be explained in the margin where they are first used. Take special care to show clearly the difference between zero (0) and the letter O, and between one (1) and the letter l.

4. Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which they are first used.

5. For simple fractions use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line.

6. Equations should be numbered serially at the right-hand side in parentheses. In general only equations explicitly referred to in the text need be numbered.

7. The use of fractional powers instead of root signs is recommended. Also powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.

8. Levels of statistical significance which can be mentioned without further explanation are * P <0.05, * * P <0.01 and * * * P <0.001.

9. In chemical formulae, valence of ions should be given as, e.g., Ca2+, not as Ca++.

10. Isotope numbers should precede the symbols, e.g., ¹⁸O.

Footnotes
Footnotes should only be used to provide addresses of authors or to provide explanations essential to the understanding of Tables.

Supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.

Enquiries
Authors can keep a track on the progress of their accepted article, and set up e-mail alerts informing them of changes to their manuscript's status, by using the "Track a Paper" feature at: http://authors.elsevier.com/TrackPaper.html. For privacy, information on each article is password-protected. The author should key in the "Our Reference" code (which is in the letter of acknowledgement sent by the publisher on receipt of the accepted article) and the name of the corresponding author. In case of problems or questions, authors may contact the Author Service Department, E-mail: authorsupport@elsevier.com.

Proofs
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 available free from http://get.adobe.com/reader. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win. If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post.
Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.

Offprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.

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