As the average human life expectancy has increased, so too has the impact of ageing and age-related disease on our society. Ageing research is now the focus of thousands of laboratories that include leaders in the areas of genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behaviour. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) covers the trends in this field. It is designed to fill a large void, namely, a source for critical reviews and viewpoints on emerging findings on mechanisms of ageing and age-related disease. Rapid advances in understanding of mechanisms that control cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival are leading to new insight into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells to energy and oxyradical metabolism, this is an exciting new era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research. The cellular and molecular underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction, are being identified and novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases are being developed. ARR publishes articles on focussed topics selected from the broad field of ageing research, with an emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process and age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention are also covered in this journal.

SUBMISSION OF ARTICLES



Online manuscript submission

Authors should submit an electronic copy of their paper only, hard copies and disks are not accepted. To submit online, go to http://ees.elsevier.com/arr


•Select the 'Submit paper' option.


•Follow prompts online. Please note that at each stage of the submission process it is possible to go back a step, save the submission to continue later, or remove/change any information already entered.


•The submission system will generate a PDF file to be used for the reviewing process.


•You will receive confirmation of your submission and further progress of your paper at every stage of its review period thereafter, via email.

Preparation of manuscripts
Manuscripts should be written in English. We accept most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Save your files using default extension of the programme used.

Title page
The full name of the author(s) academic or professional affiliations, and addresses should be included on the title page. The name and complete address of the person to whom proofs are to be sent must be given. Include Telephone number, Fax number and E-mail address on the title page.

Abstract
The article should start with an abstract of approximately 100-200 words.

Key words
The list of 3-6 key words necessary for correct indexing and subsequent retrieval must be submitted with the manuscript. In the event that key words are not supplied editorial discretion will be exercised in introducing appropriate words.

Tables
Tables should be typed in double spacing on separate sheets and each provided with a suitable heading. Tables should be numbered separately in Arabic numerals (Table 1, 2 etc.)

Colour Figures
If together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures, then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions [Please note: Because of technical complications that can arise in converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print), please submit in addition usable black-and-white files corresponding to all the colour illustrations.

References
All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of author's names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list. In the text refer to the name of the author(s) (without initial) followed by the year of publication. If reference is made in the text to a publication written by more than two authors the name of the first author should be used followed by `et al.'. This indication, however, should never be used in the list of references. In this list names of first author and co-authors should be mentioned. References cited together in the text should be arranged chronologically. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically on author's names, and chronologically per author. If an author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors the following order should by used: publications of the single author, arranged according to publication dates - publications of the same author with one co-author - publications of the author with more than one co-author. Publications by the same author(s) in the same year should be listed as 1974a, 1974b, etc. Use the following system for arranging your references:
a. For periodicals
Paivio. A., Jansen, B., Becker, L.J., 1975. Comparisons through the mind's eye. Cognition 37, 635-647.
b. For edited symposia, special issues, etc. published in a periodical.
Benzie, J.A.H., Ballment, E., Frusher, S., 1993. Genetic structure of Penaeusmonodon in Australia: concordant results from mtDNA and allozymes. In: Gall, G.A.F., Chen, H. (Eds.), Genetics in Aquaculture IV. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium, 29 April-3 May 1991, Wuhan, China. Aquaculture, 111, 89-93.
c. For books
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, 3rd ed. MacMillan, New York.
d. For multi-author books
Gurman, A.S., Kniskern, D.P., 1981. Family therapy outcome research: knowns and unknowns. In: Gurman, A.S., Kniskern, D.P. (Eds.). Handbook of Family Therapy. Brunner/Maazel, New York, pp. 742-775.
Abbreviate the titles of periodicals mentioned in the list of references according to the International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations. In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. However, the titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as '(in Russian)' or '(in Greek, with English abstract)' should be added. Work accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred to as 'in press'. References concerning unpublished data and 'personal communications' should not be cited in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text.

Supplementary material
Electronic supplementary material is now accepted to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our Corporate Website at http://www.elsevier.com/authors.

Language Services
Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/languagepolishing or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/termsconditions.cws_home/termsconditions

Ethics
When human subjects are used, manuscripts must be accompanied by a statement that the experiments were undertaken with the understanding and written consent of each subject, with the approval of the appropriate local ethics committee, and in compliance with national legislation and the Code of Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) [ http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm]. When experimental animals are used, the materials and methods section must clearly indicate that adequate measures were taken to minimise pain or discomfort, and that the experiments were conducted in accordance with international standards on animal welfare as well as being compliant with local and national regulations. Studies are expected to be compliant with minimal standards as defined by the European Communities Council Directive of 24 November 1986 (86/609/EEC)

Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to Transfer copyright. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. If material from other copyrighted works is included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has pre-printed forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK, phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed online via the Elsevier home page ( http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).

Proofs
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 available free from http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.

Author enquiries
For enquiries relating to the submission of articles, please visit this journal's homepage at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/arr. You can track accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed, as well as copyright information, frequently asked questions and more.
Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.

Offprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with free e-offprints, in the form of a PDF file of the article, via e-mail. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.

US National Institutes of Health (NIH) voluntary posting ("Public Access") policy.
Elsevier facilitates author response to the NIH voluntary posting request (referred to as the NIH "Public Access Policy"; see http://www.nih.gov/about/publicaccess/index.htm) by posting the peer-reviewed author's manuscript directly to PubMed Central on request from the author, 12 months after formal publication. Upon notification from Elsevier of acceptance, we will ask you to confirm via e-mail (by e-mailing us at NIHauthorrequest@elsevier.com) that your work has received NIH funding and that you intend to respond to the NIH policy request, along with your NIH award number to facilitate processing. Upon such confirmation, Elsevier will submit to PubMed Central on your behalf a version of your manuscript that will include peer-review comments, for posting 12 months after formal publication. This will ensure that you will have responded fully to the NIH request policy. There will be no need for you to post your manuscript directly with PubMed Central, and any such posting is prohibited.

Disclaimer
Whilst every effort is made by the publishers and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publishers, the editorial board and editor and their respective employees, officers and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.