Authors are requested to submit their papers electronically by using the Internet and Higher Education's online submission and
review web site (http://ees.elsevier.com/inthig). This site will guide authors stepwise through the submission process.
Authors are requested to submit the text, tables, and artwork in electronic form to this address. Authors who are unable to provide an
electronic version or have other circumstances that prevent online submission must contact the Editor prior to submission to discuss
alternative options; email: laurie@nsu.nova.edu or laurie@nova.edu. The Publisher and Editor regret that
they are not able to consider submissions that do not follow these procedures.
Submission of articles
General It
is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Submission
of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published
lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors
and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published
elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
Upon acceptance of
an article, authors will be asked to sign a "Journal Publishing Agreement" (for more information on this and copyright see: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail (or letter) will be sent to the corresponding
author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this
agreement.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright
owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has pre-printed forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's
Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. Requests
may also be completed online via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).
Online submission to the journal prior to acceptance Submission to this journal proceeds totally online. Use
the following guidelines to prepare your article. Via the EES homepage of this journal (http://ees.elsevier.com/inthig)
you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to
a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript
source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance.
All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author's
homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
The above represents a very brief outline of this form of submission. It
can be advantageous to print this "Guide for Authors" section from the site for reference in the subsequent stages of article preparation.
Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
General points We accept most wordprocessing
formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Save
your files using the default extension of the program used.
Wordprocessor documents It is important that the file be
saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple
as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's
options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts, etc. Do not embed "graphically
designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table
grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns.
The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with
Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/howtosubmitpaper). Do not import the figures into the text
file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on
the preparation of electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spellchecker" function
of your wordprocessor.
Preparation of text
Presentation of manuscript
General Please write
your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions
of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
If possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions (free sample copy available to download
from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10967516).
Manuscripts should be double spaced throughout,
with at least one-inch margins. The main text of the paper should be presented in 12pt type (Times Roman is preferred).
Word Count Manuscripts should be between 10 and 30 pages in length (in the format requested above).
Review Policy As this
journal has adopted a double blind reviewing policy, please remove all identifying features from the paper itself by ensuring
that no author's name appears in the main text, in-text citations or reference list. The cover page will be detached and the anonymous
manuscript will be used in the peer review process and sent to reviewers who will themselves remain anonymous.
Provide
the following data on the title (cover) page in the order given.
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in
information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Where the
family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the
actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's
name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if
available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence
at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code)
are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address. If an author
has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address")
may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main,
affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is
required (of between 100-150 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and
major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore
be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations
should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords. Immediately
after the abstract, provide a list of keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of").
Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing
purposes.
Abbreviations. Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field at their first occurrence in the article:
in the abstract but also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
N.B. Acknowledgements.
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page,
as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article Subdivision of the article. Divide
your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ), 1.2, etc. (the abstract
is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text." Any subsection
may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction. State the objectives of
the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Experimental/Materials
and methods. Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference:
only relevant modifications should be described.
Results. Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion.
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often
appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions. The main conclusions of the
study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion
section.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements, including information on grants received, before the references, in a
separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
Appendices. If there is more than one appendix, they should be
identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent
appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
References. See separate section, below.
Figure captions, tables, figures, schemes.
Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must
always be provided separate from the main text file (see the section below on the preparation of illustrations).
Specific
remarks Mathematical formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle,
variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line,
e.g., Xp/Ym
rather than
Xp Ym
Powers of e are often more conveniently
denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text (if referred to explicitly in
the text).
Footnotes. This journal does not publish footnotes, therefore none should be used.
Table footnotes.
This journal does not publish footnotes, therefore none should be used.
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance
with their appearance in the text. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables
do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier accepts supplementary
material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting
applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied
will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com.
In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file
formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption
for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
References Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations
in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references
cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list,
but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style
of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication"
Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of Web references:
As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication,
etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired,
or can be included in the reference list.
Text: Citations in the text should follow the referencing style used by the American
Psychological Association. You are referred to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition, ISBN
1-55798-790-4, copies of which may be ordered from: http://www.apa.org/books/4200061.htmlor APA Order Dept., P.O.B.
2710, Hyattsville, MD 20784, USA or APA, 3 Henrietta Street, London, WC3E 8LU, UK. Details concerning this referencing style
can also be found at:
http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/apa01.html.
List: References should
be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s)
in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication: Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J. A. J., & Lupton R. A. (2000). The art of writing a scientific
article. Journal of Scientific Communications, 163(2), 51-59.
Reference to a book: Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E.
B. (1979). The elements of style. (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan, (Chapter 4).
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G. R., & Adams, L. B. (1994). How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In B. S. Jones, & R. Z. Smith
(Eds.), Introduction to the electronic age (pp. 281-304). New York: E-Publishing Inc.
The digital object identifier (DOI)
may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to
a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium
for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information.
The
correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Preparation of
illustrations
Preparation of electronic illustrations
General points - Make sure you use uniform
lettering and sizing of your original artwork. - Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. - Only use the
following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. - Number the illustrations according to their sequence
in the text. - Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files. - Provide all illustrations as separate files. - Provide
captions to illustrations separately. - Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
Please do not: - Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document; - Supply files
that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; - Supply files that are too low in resolution;
- Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions Ensure that each illustration has a
caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself)
and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations
used.
Line drawings The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not
to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to
three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the
journal when designing the illustrations.
Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs
(halftones) Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure.
Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the caption.
Colour illustrations Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and
with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure that
these figures will appear in colour on the Web for free (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these
illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding
the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the Web only.
For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.
Proofs One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then
paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader
version 7 available free from: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF
files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return
to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections
and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail,
or by post.
Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and
figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the
Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that
all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of
your article if no response is received.
Author Benefits
Offprints (e-offprints) The corresponding author,
at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a
watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms
and conditions of use. Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding
author.
Author Discount Authors are entitled to a 30% discount on Elsevier books (excluding major reference works).
Fast Electronic Publication Once the article has been proofed by the author, it will be published immediately on the journal's
'Articles in Press' section online, thus making it available to subscribers to read and cite. For more information, visit: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10967516.
Author Enquiries For enquiries relating to the submission of articles, please visit the journal's homepage at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/iheduc.
From here you can also track your accepted articles (http://authors.elsevier.com/TrackPaper.html) and set up e-mail alerts
to inform you of when an article's status has changed, as well as viewing detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently
asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs,
are provided after registration of an article for publication.
