Authors are requested to submit their original manuscript and figures with two copies to: R. Harris, c/o Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard,
Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK or (for North America) Talbot J. Taylor, Department of English, College of William
and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA. E-mail: txtayl@mail.wm.edu. The Publisher and Editors regret that they are
not able to consider submissions that do not follow these procedures.
All submissions which seek to advance our understanding of
communication, whether in general terms or through the detailed examination of particular cases, will receive serious editorial consideration.
Special issues Persons interested in developing a special issue should contact Talbot Taylor at the above email address.
Submission of articles
General It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript.
Articles must be written in good English.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously
(except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication
elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without
the written consent of the copyright holder.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'
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If excerpts from other copyrighted
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body agreements and policies Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors who publish in Elsevier
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Role of the funding source You are requested to identify
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see: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/funding for more information.
Contributors All
authors must have materially participated in the research and/or article preparation. The statement that all authors have approved the
final article should be true and included in the disclosure.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose
any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations
within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. For
further information, please see: http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission to the journal prior
to acceptance Two copies of the manuscript should be submitted to one of the addresses above. If submitting to Talbot Taylor,
Authors can send an electronic version of their article by e-mail to the address given above.
Electronic format requirements
for accepted articles
General points We accept most wordprocessing formats, but MS Word is preferred. An electronic
version of the text should be submitted together with the final hardcopy of the manuscript. The electronic version must match the
hardcopy exactly. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Label storage media with your name, journal
title, and software used. Save your files using the default extension of the program used. No changes to the accepted version are permissible
without the explicit approval of the Editor. Electronic files can be stored on 3? inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
Wordprocessor documents It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text
should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced
on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use
bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts, etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the
wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a
grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar
to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).
Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on
the manuscript. See also the section below on the preparation of electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly
advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of your wordprocessor.
Preparation of text
Presentation
of manuscript
General Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not
a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points
(not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
Manuscripts must be typewritten, double-spaced with wide margins on
one side of white paper. Good quality printouts with a font size of 12 or 10 pt are required. Avoid full justification, i.e., do not
use a constant right-hand margin. Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Present tables and figure captions on separate
pages at the end of the manuscript.
Language
Services Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit:
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/languagepolishing or contact: authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information.
Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through
our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions (http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions).
Title page Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise and informative.
Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g. a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses
(where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the
author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name,
and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence
at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code)
are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address. If an author
has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address")
may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main,
affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is
required (of around 100 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major
conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore
be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations
should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords. Immediately
after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example,
"and", "of"). As far as possible, keywords should conform to those used in LLBA (Linguistics and Language Behaviour Abstracts; see: http://www.csa.com/factsheets/llba-set-c.php).
These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations. Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field
at their first occurrence in the article: in the abstract but also in the main text after it. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout
the article.
N.B. Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not,
therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article Acknowledgements.
Place acknowledgements before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
Appendices.
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc.
References. See separate section, below.
Vitae.
Include in the manuscript a short (maximum 100 words) biography of each author.
Figure captions, tables, figures, schemes.
Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must
always be provided separate from the main text file (see the section below on the preparation of illustrations).
Text graphics.
Present incidental graphics not suitable for mention as figures, plates or schemes at the end of the article and number them "Graphic
1", etc. Their precise position in the text can then be indicated. See further under the section concerning the preparation of electronic
illustrations. Ensure that high-resolution graphics files are provided, even if the graphic appears as part of your normal wordprocessed
text file.
Specific remarks Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively
throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be
used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at
the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table
with a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.
Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing
in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Quotations.
Quotations are to be cited in single inverted commas with indications, where appropriate, of any omission, added emphasis, or other alteration
to the original.
Phonetic transcription. In your choice of phonetic symbols, please adhere to IPA conventions. The SIL Charis
IPA font is preferred for the presentation of IPA symbols (for more information, please visit: http://scripts.sil.org/CharisSILfont).
Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier accepts supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research.
Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution
images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version
of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect (http://www.sciencedirect.com). In order to ensure that
your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should
submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more
detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Files
can be stored on 3½ inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
References Responsibility for the
accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference
cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full.
Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these
references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution
of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication". Citation of a reference as "in press" implies
that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of Web references. As a minimum, the full URL should
be given. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given.
Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in
the reference list.
Text: All citations in the text should refer to: 1. Single author: the author's name (without initials,
unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication; 2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication; 3.
Three or more authors: first author's name followed by "et al." and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically).
Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. If quoting from a reference, page numbers should also
be indicated; e.g. "(Pullman, 1996, p. 21)".
Examples: "as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer
et al. (2000) have recently shown ...."
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted
chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a",
"b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication: Baker,
G., 1998. The private language argument. Language & Communication 18 (4), 325-356.
Reference to a book: Giles, H.,
Coupland, N., 1991. Language: Contexts and Consequences. Open University Press, Milton Keynes.
Reference to a chapter in an edited
book: Probst. G., 1991. Images of Germany and the Germans in American media. In: Bredella, L. (Ed.), Mediating a Foreign Culture:
The United States and Germany. Gunter Narr Verlag, Tubingen, pp. 81-92.
DOI numbers The digital object identifier (DOI)
may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to
a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium
for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information.
The
correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Preparation of
illustrations
Preparation of electronic illustrations Submitting your artwork in an electronic format helps
us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail.
General points - Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. - Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose
the font. - Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. - Number the illustrations
according to their sequence in the text. - Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files. - Provide all illustrations
as separate files. - Provide captions to illustrations separately. - Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats Regardless
of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats
(Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale):
a minimum of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications
please supply "as is".
Please do not: - Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
- Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; - Supply files that are
too low in resolution; - Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions Ensure that each
illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not
on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols
and abbreviations used.
Line drawings The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions,
so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor
of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format
of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs
(halftones) Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure.
Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the caption.
Colour illustrations Submit colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality computer prints or transparencies,
close to the size expected in publication, or as 35 mm slides. Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF,
EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then
Elsevier will ensure that these figures will appear in colour on the Web for free (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless
of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive
information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print
or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.
Proofs One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then
paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader
version 7 (or higher) available free from: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to
annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return
to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line numbers. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the
corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages
and e-mail, or by post.
Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text,
tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure
that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Proofs should be returned within 48 hours of receipt.
Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.
Author Benefits
Offprints The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper
offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and
a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with
prices will be sent to the corresponding author.
Discount Authors are entitled to a 30% discount on Elsevier books (excluding
major reference works).
Fast Electronic Publication Once the article has been proofed by the author, it will be published
immediately on the journal's 'Articles in Press' section on ScienceDirect, thus making it available to subscribers to read and cite.
For more information, visit: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02715309.
Author Enquiries For
enquiries relating to the submission of articles, please visit the journal's homepage at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/langcom.
From here you can also track your accepted articles (http://authors.elsevier.com/TrackPaper.html) and set up e-mail alerts
to inform you of when an article's status has changed, as well as viewing detailed artwork guidelines, copyright information, frequently
asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs,
are provided after registration of an article for publication.
