Official Organ of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, Italian Clinical Neurophysiology Society, The Japanese Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
Former title: Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology and its two sections Electromyography and Motor Control and Evoked Potentials

Editorial Policies A manuscript is accepted with the understanding that the material has not been previously published, except in abstract form, and that it is not simultaneously under consideration by any other journal. The Editors reserve the prerogative of requiring the original data from the authors to compare with the supplied illustrations or results. If accepted, the manuscript shall not be published elsewhere in the same form, in either the same or another language, without the consent of the authors and Publisher.


Types of article The journal will consider full-length original articles, review articles, abstracts, announcement(s), editorials, and letters to the Editor. Review articles require comprehensive and up-to-date survey of a specific area of neurophysiology. Review articles are generally by invitation. Other review articles may be considered, but should be pre-approved by the Editor. For review articles, structuring the abstracts is not needed. Original articles are not limited in length, but authors are encouraged to write briefly, avoid repetitions, jargon and neologisms.
Letters to the Editor are generally comments on papers published in this journal, but may present original research and case reports. There should be no abstract, and the text should be continuous text, with paragraphs but no subsections. Accordingly, subtitles should not be used. Any acknowledgments should be included in the body of the letter. Letters must be typed in double line spacing. Word count: less than 1000 words. Figures and Tables: 1 figure or 1 table. References: 5.
Authors must adhere to all relevant Journal guidelines on, e.g., authorship, ethics and disclosure of conflicts of interest.


Multiple Authorship Manuscripts submitted under multiple authorship are reviewed on the assumption that all listed authors concur with the submission and that a copy of the final manuscript has been approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities in the laboratories where the work was carried out. The submission should include the author concurrence form (see the Journal website) with signatures of all authors. This form may be scanned and uploaded with the submission or be faxed separately to the Editorial Office (FAX: +31 20 485 3881).


Funding body agreements and policies Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies

Ethics Authors reporting experimental studies on humans must specify that the research received prior approval by the appropriate institutional review body and the ethical committee when the two are not coincident. Authors must also specify that informed consent was obtained from each subject or patient. Manuscripts describing investigations in animals must clearly indicate the steps taken to eliminate pain and suffering. Authors have a duty to protect their subjects, animal or human, and to show clearly in their writing a recognition of the moral issues involved.


All manuscripts submitted to Clinical Neurophysiology are subject to peer review and acceptance is never guaranteed. When appropriate, additional review for statistical adequacy may also be obtained. Decisions of the Editors are final.


Online Submission of manuscripts Submission to Clinical Neurophysiology proceeds totally online. When submitting a manuscript, full instructions for uploading data and files etc. are given on the Editorial Manager website:
http://ees.elsevier.com/clinph


You will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. During the submission process, authors need to provide an electronic version of their manuscript and a separate electronic version of their abstract. The author should select a set of classifications from a list, and a category designation for their manuscript (research article, letter to the editor, brief communication, etc.). Authors may send queries concerning the submission process, manuscript status, or journal procedures to the Clinical Neurophysiology editorial office at clinph@elsevier.com. Once the uploading is done, the system automatically generates an electronic (PDF) proof, which is then used for reviewing. All correspondence, including the Editor's decision and request for revisions, will be by e-mail.
It is the responsibility of the authors to create the proper files as instructed above for the electronically submitted manuscript. The editorial office cannot make conversions beyond the supported file types. No hardcopy manuscripts or illustrations are to be sent to the Editors unless specifically requested.


Preparing manuscripts Keep text, graphics and tables (and any other items) as separate files - do not import the figures and tables into the text file. Name your files using the correct extension, e.g. text.doc, fig1a.eps, fig1.tif, Fig1.ppt, tbl_16.xls, etc.
Text files should be supplied in one of the following formats: Microsoft Word or WordPerfect, Windows or Macintosh formatted. The native format is preferred over ASCII text or Rich Text Format (RTF). Also LaTeX is supported.
When accepted articles are processed, most formatting codes will be removed or replaced so there is no need for you to use excessive layout styling. In addition, do not use options such as automatic word breaking, justified layout, double columns or automatic paragraph numbering (especially for numbered references). However, do use bold face, italic, subscripts, superscripts etc. for scientific nomenclature.
When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, please use only one grid for each separate table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is being used, use tabs to align columns, not spaces.
Use the metric system and give all laboratory numerical data in SI (Systeme International) units. When other units are unavoidable, use their SI equivalents in brackets.


Manuscript organisation Manuscripts should be organized as follows: Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, References, Legends, and Tables and Figures. Acknowledgements for personal and technical assistance should be indicated on the title page. Financial support and any conflict of interest should be indicated in the acknowledgements. All full-length articles must have a structured abstract (NB for reviews: un-structured) not exceeding 200 words and appropriate keywords. Abstracts should adhere to the following format: Objective, Methods, Results, Conclusions, Significance. Use of an abstract should eliminate the need for a summary in the main text.
The title page should include the manuscript's title, the initials and names of the authors, and the place where the work was done. Please do not use more than 135 characters, including spaces, in the title. The phrase 'with the technical assistance of...' is not acceptable.
Assistants can be listed as co-authors, or their help can be mentioned under Acknowledgements. In addition, the title page should include the name, address, telephone number, fax number and e-mail address of the author who will receive correspondence and proofs, and up to 6 keywords for indexing purposes. Potential financial interests must be disclosed on the title page, including funding sources supporting the work. Authors must disclose commercial considerations, such as an equity interest, patent rights, or corporate affiliations, including consultantships, for any product or process mentioned in the submission.


References The author is responsible for accurate reference citations and the exact agreement between text and reference list. Reference listing should conform precisely with the original spelling (including accents), punctuation, hyphenation, etc. Cite references in the text by authors(s) name(s) followed by the year in chronological order (M?ller and Jannetta, 1982; Moore, 1985). With more than two authors, name only the first followed by 'et al.' (Gardi et al., 1979). When two or more papers by the same author(s) appear in one year, distinguish them by a,b, etc. after the date (Babb et al., 1984 a,b). Include papers 'in press' (accepted in final form by a journal) in the reference list. The reference to a paper 'in press' is acceptable provided the authors send one copy of the manuscript in press along with the submitted manuscript. Manuscripts in preparation or submitted but not accepted should not appear in the reference list. These data should be cited in the text by the author(s) name(s) followed by 'in preparation' or 'personal communication'. The reference list should be in the alphabetical order of the first author's name. Two or more references to the same author(s) should be in chronological order. References should follow the Vancouver style described in the 'Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals' with the exception that pagination should be complete. The titles of journals should be abbreviated in conformity with Index Medicus. The following are sample styles:


Journal article: Tobin K, Giuliani MJ, Lacomis D. Comparison of different modalities for detection of small fiber neuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol 1999;110:1909-1912.
Book: Strunk W, White EB. The elements of style, 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1979.
Book chapter: Williamson SJ, Kaufman L, Curtis S, Lu Z-L, Michel CM, Wang J-Z. Neural substrates of working memories are revealed magnetically by the local suppression of alpha rhythm. In: Hashimoto I, Okada YC, Ogawa S, editors. Visualization of information processing in the human brain. Recent advances in MEG and functional MRI. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996:163-180.


This journal should be cited as Clin Neurophysiol, or, if reference is made to articles appearing before January 1999, as Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol.


Figures Figures of good quality should be submitted online as separate files. The lettering should be large enough to permit photographic reduction. The legend should be typed on a page separate from the figure. If there are multiple figures, the legends should be compiled together on one page (or more if necessary).
For more information, please refer to the (electronic) artwork instructions in the author Gateway, http://www.authors.elsevier.com/artwork


Colour Reproduction Reproduction in colour will have to be approved by the Editor. Authors will be required to pay a fee for partial payment of the extra costs incurred in colour reproduction. The charges are EURO 300.00 (approx. USD 300) for the first page involving colour, and EURO 200.00 (approx. USD 200) per page for all subsequent pages involving colour in a given article (all prices including sales tax). You will receive information regarding the total costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Colour figures relating to functional neuroimaging with MRI, PET and SPECT may be printed without cost at the discretion of the Editor who will make the judgement based on the necessity for the colour and the number of illustrations.


Colourful e-Products (CEPs) If together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g. ScienceDirect) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version.


Preparation of Supplementary Data (Multimedia Components) Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting figures, tables, applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect ( http://www.sciencedirect.com). In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Contact the Editorial Office prior to submission.


For more information on preferred format, etc., please refer to the multimedia instructions in the author Gateway, http://www.authors.elsevier.com/artwork


Credits and Permissions Submit with the manuscript permissions to use non-original material (quotations not exceeding 100 words, any graph, table or figure). Permission from both author and Publisher of the original is required. No article can be finally accepted for publication in Clinical Neurophysiology without all required permissions. Credit the source in a text or table footnote, or at the end of a figure legend, as appropriate. Photographs of recognizable persons should be accompanied by a signed release from patient or legal guardian authorizing publication. Masking eyes to hide identity is not sufficient.


Proofs A first proof will be sent by e-mail as soon as possible after a paper has been accepted. At this stage, authors can indicate only mistakes in the typesetting of their paper, changes in or additions to the original manuscript will not be incorporated. Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible, both online (ScienceDirect) and in print. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete.


Cover illustration Authors are encouraged to submit aesthetically interesting figures (preferably in colour) for possible publication on the front cover of an issue of Clinical Neurophysiology. The photograph should at least be related to the authors' accepted article, but need not be one of the figures appearing in that article. The ideal format of that figure should be 10 x 15 cm for 1:1 reproduction (or any multiples of the above).


Society Proceedings Abstracts from proceedings of Member Societies of the Federation will be published without charge. Members are urged to send abstracts to the editorial office within 3 months of the meeting. The abstracts will be published in the next available issue of Clinical Neurophysiology.
Abstracts will be published on the IFCN web site within one month of receipt of the abstracts by Elsevier.
Abstracts must be in correct English form, no longer than 200 words. It is the responsibility of the responsible contact person of Member Societies to ensure that these instructions are complied with. A separate page should give the title of the member Society, the place and date of the meeting and the name and address of the responsible contact person who will receive proofs. Each abstract should be preceded by number, title, author(s) name(s), name of the institution where the work was done (not more than 5 words), city and country.
No editing of the abstracts will be done by the Editors or the publisher.


Electronic offprints The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.

News and Notes News and Notes relating to the IFCN and its Chapters and Member Societies are welcome for publication in the Yellow Pages. Such material should be submitted to the IFCN Secretariat and details are given within the Yellow Pages itself.