TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F: TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR
Guide for Authors
Submission of articles
General
Authors are requested to submit their original manuscript and figures to the Editor;
Professor J.A. Rothengatter, or the Co-Editor; Professor John A. Groeger, via the online submission page of this journal at http://ees.elsevier.com/trf.
Authors will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files
to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer review process. Please note that even though manuscript
source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance.
All correspondence, including notification of the editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author's
home page. A printed copy of the manuscript is not required at any stage of the process.
Note: Electronic articles submitted
for the review process may need to be edited after acceptance to follow journal standards. See the section on "Electronic format requirements
for accepted articles" and the further general instructions on how to prepare your article below.
Submission of an article implies
that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic
thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or
explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in
the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. It is essential to give a fax number
and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors
will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright. This transfer
will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of
the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included,
the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted
forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, 0X5 1DX, UK; Tel.: (+44) 1865 843830;
fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.
Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
We accept most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic
file for reference and safety.
Save your files using the default extension of the program used. No changes to the accepted version
are permissible without the explicit approval of the Editor.
Preparation of text
Presentation of manuscript
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Italics are not to be
used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands
(10 000 and above).
English language help service: Upon request, Elsevier will direct authors to an agent who can check and
improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for further
information.
The manuscript should use double spacing and wide (3 cm) margins. (Avoid full justification, i.e., do not use a constant
right-hand margin.) Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Present tables and figure legends on separate pages at the end
of the manuscript. If possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions. Number all pages
consecutively.
Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise and informative.
Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Pre- sent the authors' affiliation addresses
(where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the
author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name
and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence
at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code)
are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present /permanent address. If an author
has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address')
may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main,
affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract
is required (maximum length 200 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major
conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore
be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list.
Keywords. Immediately
after the abstract, provide a maximum of six keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and',
'of). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used
for indexing purposes.
N.B.: Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article
and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered
1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing:
do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction. State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey
or a summary of the results.
Figure legends, tables, figures and schemes. Present these, in this order, at the end of the
article. They are described in more detail below. If you are working with LaTeX and have such features embedded in the text, these can
be left, but such embedding should not be done specifically for publishing purposes. High-resolution graphics files must always be provided
separate from the main text file (see Preparation of illustrations).
Appendices. If there is more than one appendix,
they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2),
etc.; in a subsequent appendix (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements, including information
on grants received, before the references, in a separate section and not as a footnote on the title page.
References. See
separate section, below.
Units. Authors are seriously recommended to use SI (metric) units in their manuscripts, with optional
English equivalents in parentheses.
Mathematical formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible.
In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line, e.g., Xp/Ym
Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from
the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively
throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text and this feature may be used.
Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate sheet
at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a
table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the
text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing
in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described else- where in the article.
References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations in the text.
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in
the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned
in the text. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing
of web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference
to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under
a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Text: All citations in the text should refer
to: 1. Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication; 2. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication; 3. Three or more authors: first reference in the
text lists first six authors (followed by et al. if there are more than six), all subsequent references list first author's name followed
by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed
first alphabetically, then chronologically.
Examples: "as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan & Jones, 1995). Kramer
et al. (2000) have recently shown...".
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted
chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a",
"b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples: The American Psychological Association (APA) system
of references is used. References should conform to the following style:
Journal: Kanafani, A., & Abbas, M. S. (1987).
Local air service and economic impact of small airports. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 113, 42-55.
Books: Button,
K. J. (1982). Transport Economics. Heineman, London.
Article in book: Nash, C. A. (1988). Integration of public transport:
an economic assessment. In: J. S. Dodgson and N. P. Topham (Eds.), BusDeregulation and Privatization: An International Perspective, pp.
17-46, Wiley, New York.
Proceedings: Grant, R. A. (1989). Building and testing a causal model and information technology's
impact. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Information Systems, Boston, MA, pp. 173-184.
Thesis: Cardell,
N. S. (1989). Extensions of multinational logit model and the ranked logit model. Ph.D. Thesis, Harvard University, USA.
Report: American Trucking Association (1987). Motor Carrier Annual Report. Alexandria, VA.
Preparation of illustrations
Submitting
your artwork in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and a high
level of detail.
General points
• Always supply high-quality images of your artwork. • Make sure you
use uniform lettering and sizing of your artwork. • Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. •
Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial Courier, Helvetica, Times and Symbol. • Number the illustrations according
to their sequence in the text. • Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files and supply a separate listing of the
files and the software used. • Provide all illustrations as separate files. • Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from
the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork
is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats. (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings,
halftones and line/halftone combinations given below.) EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF:
Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000
dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or grey- scale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT:
If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not: • Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spread sheet, presentation) document; • Supply files that are optimised
for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; • Supply files that are too low in resolution. •
Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption.
Supply captions on a separate sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure
itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations
used.
Line drawings
Supply high-quality printouts on white background with black lines. The lettering and symbols, as
well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general,
the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations
will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Photocopies are not suitable for
reproduction. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones)
Please supply
original photographs for reproduction, very sharp and with good contrast. Remove non- essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs
unless they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving
a magnification factor in the legend.
Note that photocopies of photographs are not acceptable.
Colour illustrations
Submit colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality images, close to the size expected in publication. Polaroid colour
prints are not suitable. Further information concerning colour illustrations and costs is available from Author Support: authorsupport@elsevier.com
If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that
these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations
are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from
Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Due to the technical complications that may arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the
printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all
the colour illustrations.
Preparation of supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to
support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications,
movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be
published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.ScienceDirect.com.
In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file
formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption
for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit http://www.elsevier.com/authors.
Proofs
When
your manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be regarded as 'drafts'.
One
set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions
to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
A
form with queries from the copyeditor may accompany your proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required.
The Publisher reserves the right to possible with publication if corrections are not communicated. Return corrections within two
working days of the proofs. Should there be no corrections, please confirm this.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your
article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF)
proof of your article for correction, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication.
Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any
less time to make your corrections, just that only one set of corrections will be accepted.
Offprints
Twenty-five offprints
will be supplied free of charge. Additional offprints and copies of the issue can be ordered at a specially reduced rate using the order
form sent to the corresponding author after the manuscript has been accepted. Orders for reprints (produced after publication of an article)
will incur a 50 per cent surcharge.
Enquiries
Authors can keep a track on the progress of their accepted article, and
set up e-mail alerts informing them of changes to their manuscript's status, by using Elsevier's post-acceptance paper-tracking service
at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle. For privacy, information on each article is password-protected. The author should
key in the "Our Reference" code (which is in the letter of acknowledgement sent by the publisher on receipt of the accepted article)
and the name of the corresponding author. In case of problems or questions, authors may contact the Author Support Department, e-mail: authorsupport@elsevier.com.
