Guide for Authors
Studies in History and Philosophy
of Biological and Biomedical Sciences is devoted to historical, sociological, philosophical and ethical aspects of the life and
environmental sciences, of the sciences of mind and behaviour, and of the medical and biomedical sciences and technologies.
Types of paper
Contributions are from a wide range of countries and cultural traditions; we encourage both
specialist articles, and articles combining historical, philosophical, and sociological approaches; and we favour works of interest to
scientists and medics as well as to specialists in the history, philosophy and sociology of the sciences.
Submission details
Contributions should not exceed 10,000 words, except by prior agreement with the Editors.
Manuscripts for consideration may be submitted, by post or e-mail (Word or RTF attachments), to
The Editors
Studies in History
and Philosophy of Science
Department of History and Philosophy of Science,
University of Cambridge, Free School Lane,
Cambridge
CB2 3RH, UK
rcr23@cam.ac.uk
When submitting by post, please include a hard copy and a floppy disk, CD or Zip
disk. Please follow the style for headings, keywords and other matters as seen in a recent (post-2006) issue of the journal. A free sample
copy is available to download from:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13698486.
Ethics in Publishing
For information
on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Conflict of interest
All
authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships
with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived
to influence, their work. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission declaration
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except
in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication
elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without
the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Copyright
Upon acceptance
of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding
author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this
agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation
within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other
derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts
from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s)
in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details
you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the
funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation
of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation
of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such
involvement then this should be stated. Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose
articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions
of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Language and language services
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted,
but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission
please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/languagepolishing or our customer support site at
http://epsupport.elsevier.com
for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside
vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions:
http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions.
Authors whose native language
is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscripts checked by an English speaker prior to submission.
Studies
uses the peer review system; articles should be submitted prepared for blind review. For more information, please read the journal's
peer review policy.
Use of wordprocessing software
We accept most word-processing formats, but Word and RTF are strongly preferred.
Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. The text should be in single-column format. Please keep the
layout of the text as simple as possible. In particular, do not use the word-processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words.
However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts, etc. Do not embed 'graphically designed' equations or tables, but prepare
these using the word-processor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual
table and not a grid for each row; if no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. Do not import the figures into the text
file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. (See also the section
on preparation of electronic illustrations.)
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections
should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also
for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text". Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear
on its own separate line.
Items for submission
Final submissions should
be organized in the following sequence:
Title of the paper, author, author's affiliation and address
Abstract (up to 200 words)
Keywords (up to 6)
Main body of text
Acknowledgements and any additional information concerning research grants, etc.
References
Endnotes
Tables and figures
Figure captions
Permissions for any copyrighted material from other sources (including the
Web)
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be
identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent
appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae
where possible.
•
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name),
please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all
affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide
the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also
post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address
and the complete postal address.
•
Present/permanent address.
If an author has moved since the work described
in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to
that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript
Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract
A concise and factual
abstract is required (maximum length 200 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results
and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason,
References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should
be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple
concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be
eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define
abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that
are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations
throughout the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a
separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote
to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing
assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Footnotes
Footnotes should
be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes
into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present
the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure
you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according
to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations
separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You
are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of
the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats
(note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a
minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications
please supply "as is".
Please do not:
• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation)
document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
•
Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office
files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether
or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.
For color reproduction in print, you will receive information
regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color in print or on
the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to "gray scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached
to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (
not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep
text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the
table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that
the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
References
1. All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the
manuscript. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of Authors' names and dates are exactly the same in
the text as in the reference list.
When citing a paper from this journal, please use the full journal title Studies in History
and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences.
2. The 'name, date' system should be used throughout. References
can be put either in the text, or in footnotes. If you put references in the text, they should be like this:
Since Smith (1988) has
shown that . . .
the manuscripts are to be found in the British Library (Smith, 1988, pp. 12-16).
References in footnotes should
be like this:
Cunningham (1992), pp. 209-213.
3. If reference is made in the text or in a footnote to a publication written
by more than two Authors, the name of the first Author should be used followed by 'et al.'. This indication, however, should never be
used in the list of references, where all Authors' names should be given.
4. References cited together in the text should be
arranged chronologically. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically on Authors' names, and chronologically per Author.
If an Author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-Authors, the following order should be used: publications of the single Author,
arranged according to publication dates, publications of the same Author with one co-Author, publications of the Author with more than
one co-Author. Publications by the same Author(s) in the same year should be listed as 1974a, 1974b, etc.
5. The reference list
at the end should be in the following style (based on that of the American Psychological Association):
Cunningham, A. R. (1992). Transforming
plague: The laboratory and the identity of infectious diseases. In A. R. Cunningham, & P. Williams (Eds.),
The laboratory revolution
in medicine (pp. 209-244). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dreger, A. D. (1998). The limits of individuality: Ritual and
sacrifice in the lives and medical treatment of conjoined twins.
Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences,
29, 1-30.
Harris, J., & Holm, S. (Eds.). (1998).
The future of human reproduction: Ethics, choice, and regulation.
Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979).
The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
6. In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. However,
the titles of publications in non-Roman alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as '(in Russian)' or '(in Greek, with
English abstract)' should be added.
7. If you have used a reprint or translation the citation should refer to this work, NOT
the original publication. E.g.:
Bachelard, G. (1973).
Le pluralisme cohérent de la chimie moderne (2nd ed.). Paris:
Vrin. (First published 1932)
Meyerson, E. (1985).
The relativistic deduction. Dordrecht & Boston: Reidel. (Translation
of
La deduction relativiste. Paris: Payot, 1925)
For citations in text, if the date of the original publication is important
for your argument it can be given in square brackets after the date of the reprint, e.g. Bachelard (1973 [1932]).
Electronic
References
Authors using and citing Internet sources should observe the following guidelines:
•Direct readers as
closely as possible to the information being cited; whenever possible, reference specific documents rather than home or menu pages.
•Provide addresses that work.
•Give the date the source was accessed.
Test the URLs in your references regularly
when you first draft a paper, when you submit it for peer review, when you're preparing the final version for publication, and when you're
reviewing the proofs. If the document you are citing has moved, update the URL so that it points to the correct location. If the document
is no longer available, you may want to substitute another source (e.g., if you originally cited a draft and a formally published version
now exists) or drop it from the paper altogether.
Many websites now give their articles digital object identifiers ('doi's,
e.g. doi:10.1093/shm/hkl004) as well as URLs. If a doi is available, please use this in preference to the URL.
Reference
examples
Article in an Internet-only source, or the Internet version of a print source:
Milton, R. (2004).
Locke, John (1632-1704). In
Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16885.
(Accessed 3 March 2007)
Malpas, J. (2003). Donald Davidson. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.),
The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy
(Winter 2003 ed.).
http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2003/entries/davidson/. (Accessed 3 March 2007)
Article in an internet-only journal:
Rossiter, W. T. (2005). The marginalization of John Lydgate.
Marginalia, 1.
http://www.marginalia.co.uk/journal/05margins/rossiter.php. (Accessed 3 March 2007)
Article
in a printed journal, for which an electronic version is also available (note: it is not compulsory to supply the URL/doi, but this is
the format to follow if you wish to give it):
Denham, M. (2006). The surveys of the Birmingham chronic sick hospitals, 1948-1960s.
Social History of Medicine, 19, 279-293. (Also available at
http://shm.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/19/2/279)
Denham, M. (2006). The surveys of the Birmingham chronic sick hospitals, 1948-1960s.
Social History of Medicine, 19, 279-293.
(Also available at doi:10.1093/shm/hkl004)
Stand-alone document, no author identified, no date:
GVU's 8th
WWW user survey. (n.d.).
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey1997-10/. (Accessed 8 August 2000)
Document
available on university program or department Web site:
Chou, L., McClintock, R., Moretti, F., & Nix, D. H. (1993).
Technology and education: New wine in new bottles: Choosing pasts and imagining educational futures. Institute for Learning
Technologies, Columbia University.
http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.html. (Accessed 24 August 2000)
If a document is contained within a large and complex Web site (such as that for a university or a government agency), identify the
host organization and the relevant program or department before giving the URL for the document itself.
Citations in text of
electronic material
For electronic sources that do not provide page numbers, use the paragraph number, if available, preceded
by the paragraph symbol or the abbreviation 'para'. If neither paragraph nor page numbers are visible, cite the heading and the number
of the paragraph following it to direct the reader to the location of the material.
(Myers, 2000, 5)
(Beutler, 2000, Conclusion
section, para. 1)
Supplementary material
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary
material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting
applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied
will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com.
In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data are provided in one of our recommended file
formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption
for each file. Video files: please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or make a separate image.
These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your supplementary information. For more detailed instructions
please visit our artwork instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Submission checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior
to sending it to the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure
that the following items are present:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title,
description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked" and "grammar-checked"
• References
are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice
versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
• color
figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced in color
on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only color on the Web is required, black and white versions
of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please visit our customer support site at
http://epsupport.elsevier.com.
Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric
character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes.
Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full
bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal
Physics
Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they
are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
When your copyedited manuscript
is sent by the Editors to the Publishers it is considered to be in its final form.
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent
by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends
PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html.
Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and
return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark
the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the
pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text,
tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure
that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of
your article if no response is received.
Offprints
The corresponding author,
at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article
and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. Additional paper
offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission
where available) please visit this journal's homepage. You can track accepted articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle
and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright,
frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating
to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.
Home | Elsevier Sites | Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions | Feedback | Site Map | A Reed Elsevier Company