TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E: LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW
Guide for Authors
Submission of articles
General
Submit an electronic copy of your paper to the Editor-in-Chief: W.K.
Talley, Department of Economics, College of Business and Public Administration, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, 23529-0221,
USA. E-mail address: wktalley@odu.edu.
Note: Electronic articles submitted for the review process may need
to be edited after acceptance to follow journal standards. For this an "editable" file format is necessary. See the section on "Electronic
format requirements for accepted articles" and the further general instructions on how to prepare your article below.
Submission
of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published
lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors
and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out and that, if accepted, it will not be published
elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
It is essential to
give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Upon acceptance of an
article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding author confirming
receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are
included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has
preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK; Tel.: ( +
44) 1865 843830; fax: ( + 44) 1865 853333; e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.
Electronic format requirements for
accepted articles
We accept most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy
of the electronic file for reference and safety. Label storage media with your name, journal title and software used. Save your files
using the default extension of the program used. No changes to the accepted version are permissible without the explicit approval of
the Editor. Electronic files can be stored on 3½ inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
Presentation
of manuscript
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Italics
are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space
for thousands (10 000 and above).
Authors in Japan kindly note that, upon request, Elsevier Japan will provide a list of people who
can check and improve the English of an article before submission. Contact our Tokyo office: Elsevier K.K., Editorial Service, 1-9-15
Higashi Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; Tel.: +81-3-5561-5032; fax: + 81-3-5561-5045; e-mail: info@elsevier.co.jp.
Manuscripts should be double spaced and wide (3 cm) margins. (Avoid full justification, i.e., do not use a constant right-hand margin.)
Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Present tables and figure legends on separate pages at the end of the manuscript.
If possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions. Number all pages consecutively.
Provide
the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval
systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous
(e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below
the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lowercase superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate
address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each
author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication,
also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address
and the complete postal address.
Present permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article
was done, or was visiting at the time a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author s name.
The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals
are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is required (maximum length 100 words). The abstract
should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate
from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in
full, without reference to the reference list.
Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of six keywords,
avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations
firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
N.B.: Acknowledgements. Collate
acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a
footnote to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article
into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ¼), 1.2, etc. (the abstract
is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross- referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any
subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction. State the objectives
of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Figure legends,
tables, figures and schemes. Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below. If
you are working with LaTeX and have such features embedded in the text, these can be left, but such embedding should not be done specifically
for publishing purposes. Further, high-resolution graphics files must be provided separately (see Preparation of illustrations).
Appendices. If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices
should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.I), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix (Eq. B.I) and so forth.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements, including information on grants received, before the references, in a separate section and not as a footnote
on the title page.
References. See separate section, below.
Figure legends, tables, figures and schemes. Present
these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must always
be provided separate from the main text file (see Preparation of illustrations).
Units. Authors are seriously recommended
to use SI (metric) units in their manuscripts, with optional English equivalents in parentheses.
Mathematical formulae. Present
simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables are to be pre- sented in italics. Use the solidus
(/) instead of a horizontal line, e.g., Xp/Ym
Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by
exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic
numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position
of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate sheet at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes
in the Reference list.
Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables.
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate
them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in
tables do not duplicate results described else where in the article.
References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic
citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is
also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results
and personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Citation of a reference as 'in press'
implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of web references. As a minimum, the full URL
should be given. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given.
Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in
the reference list.
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
1. Single author: the author's name
(without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication; 2. Two authors: both authors' names and the
year of publication; 3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
Citations
may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.
Examples:
"as demonstrated (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown"
List: References
should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s)
in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
The Harvard system of references is used. References should conform to the following style.
Ben-Akiva, M., de Palma, A., Kanaroglou,
P., 1986. Dynamic model of peak period traffic congestion with elastic arrival rates. Transportation Science 20(2), 164-181.
Fischer,
G.W., Nagin, D., 1981. Random versus coefficient quantal choice models. In: Manski, C.F., McFadden, D. (Eds.), Structural Analysis of
Discrete Data with Econometric Applications, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 273-304.
Brilon, W. (Ed.), 1988. Intersections Without
Traffic Signals, Proceedings of an International Workshop. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Daganzo, C., 1996. Two paradoxes of traffic flow
on networks with physical queues. II Symposium Ingenieria de los Transportes, Madrid, 22-24 May 1996, pp. 55-62.
Preparation of
illustrations
Submitting your artwork in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring
accuracy, clarity and a high level of detail.
General points • Always supply high-quality files of your artwork.
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. • Save text in illustrations as "graphics"
or enclose the font. • Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times and Symbol. •
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. • Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files and
supply a separate listing of the files and the software used. • Provide all illustrations as separate files. • Provide
captions to illustrations separately. • Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version. Files can be stored
on 3½ inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh). A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our
web-site: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed
information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised,
please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats. (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones
and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics" TIFF: Colour
or grey scale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or grey scale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your
electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is"
Please do not:
•
Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document; • Supply files that are optimised for screen
use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; • Supply files that are too low in resolution. • Submit
graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply
captions on a separate page, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself)
and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations
used.
Line drawings
Supply high-quality images on white background with black lines. The lettering and symbols, as well
as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general,
the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations
will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations. Photocopies are not suitable for reproduction.
Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones)
Please supply original photographs
for reproduction, which are very sharp and with good contrast. Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless
they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a
magnification factor in the legend.
Note that photocopies of photographs are not acceptable.
Colour illustrations
Submit
colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality images, close to the size expected in publication.
Further information concerning
colour illustrations and costs is available from Author Support (authorsupport@elsevier.com).
If, together with your
accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear
in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour
in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt
of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed
version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour
illustrations.
Preparation of supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to sup- port and
enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies,
animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published
online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including Science Direct: http://www.sciencedirect.com.
In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file
formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption
for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit http://www.elsevier.com/authors. Files can be stored on 3½
inch diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
Proofs
When your manuscript is received by the Publisher it
is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be regarded as 'drafts'. One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent
by email to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/ editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently
edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proof- reading is solely your responsibility.
A form with queries from the copyeditor
may accompany your proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required.
The Publisher reserves the right
to possible with publication if corrections are not communicated.
Return corrections within two working days of receipt of the proofs.
Should there be no corrections, please confirm this.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published
as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF) proof of your article for correction,
it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible,
so please ensure your first sending is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any less time to make your corrections, just that
only one set of corrections will be accepted.
Offprints
Twenty-five offprints will be supplied free of charge. Additional
offprints and copies of the issue can be ordered at a specially reduced rate using the order form sent to the corresponding author after
the manuscript has been accepted. Orders for reprints (produced after publication of an article) will incur a 50 per cent surcharge.
Enquiries
Authors can keep a track on the progress of their accepted article, and set up e-mail alerts informing them
of changes to their manuscript's status, by using Elsevier's post-acceptance paper-tracking service athttp://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle.
For privacy, information on each article is password-protected. The author should key in the "Our Reference" code (which is in the letter
of acknowledgement sent by the publisher on receipt of the accepted article) and the name of the corresponding author. In case of problems
or questions, authors may contact the Author Support Department, e-mail: authorsupport@elsevier.comng reprints, photographic
reproductions, microform or any other reproductions of similar nature and translations, and includes the right to adapt the article for
use in conjunction with computer systems and programs, including reproduction or publication in machine-readable form and incorporation
in retrieval systems. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder permission to reproduce any figures for which copyright
exists.
