Guide for Authors
A quarterly magazine reviewing the history and philosophy of science in the service of mankind
Endeavour is an international review magazine for scientists and historians of science. Although
most readers are technically qualified, authors should not assume that the average reader will have a detailed knowledge of their specialist
subject.
Submitting a Paper
The majority of the content in
Endeavour is commissioned by the Editor, but we
do welcome suggestions from anyone who has a story from the history of science that they think would be suitable for the journal.
Authors
will be requested to submit their articles electronically to the Editor, Dr. Henry Nicholls, by using the journal's online submission
and tracking tool at:
http://ees.elsevier.com/endeavour. This site will guide authors stepwise through the submission process.
Authors should upload the source files of their articles in the preferred format of Microsoft (MS) Word. Figures, graphics and photos
should not be embedded in the manuscript text file. The system automatically converts these source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF
version of the article. If you have circumstances that prevent online submission; you should contact the Editor to discuss alternative
options. The Publisher and Editor regret that they are not able to consider submissions that do not follow these procedures.
Ethics in Publishing
For information
on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Ethics in Publishing: General
Statement
Ethics
The Editor(s) and Publisher of this Journal believe that there are fundamental principles underlying
scholarly or professional publishing. While this may not amount to a formal 'code of conduct', these fundamental principles with respect
to the authors' paper are that the paper should: i) be the authors' own original work, which has not been previously published elsewhere,
ii) reflect the authors' own research and analysis and do so in a truthful and complete manner, iii) properly credit the meaningful contributions
of co-authors and co-researchers, iv) not be submitted to more than one journal for consideration, and v) be appropriately placed in
the context of prior and existing research. Of equal importance are ethical guidelines dealing with research methods and research funding,
including issues dealing with informed consent, research subject privacy rights, conflicts of interest, and sources of funding. While
it may not be possible to draft a 'code' that applies adequately to all instances and circumstances, we believe it useful to outline
our expectations of authors and procedures that the Journal will employ in the event of questions concerning author conduct.
Conflicts
of Interest
The Publisher now requires authors to declare any conflicts of interest that relate to papers accepted for publication
in this Journal. A conflict of interest may exist when an author or the author's institution has a financial or other relationship with
other people or organizations that may inappropriately influence the author's work. A conflict can be actual or potential and full disclosure
to the Journal is the safest course. All submissions to the Journal must include disclosure of all relationships that could be viewed
as presenting a potential conflict of interest. The Journal may use such information as a basis for editorial decisions and may publish
such disclosures if they are believed to be important to readers in judging the manuscript. A decision may be made by the Journal not
to publish on the basis of the declared conflict. For more information, please refer to:
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/conflictsofinterest
Submission declaration
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published
previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration
for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where
the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language,
without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Copyright
Upon acceptance
of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding
author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this
agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation
within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other
derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts
from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s)
in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details
you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the
funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation
of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation
of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such
involvement then this should be stated. Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose
articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions
of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Language and language services
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted,
but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission
please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/languagepolishing or our customer support site at
http://epsupport.elsevier.com
for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside
vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions:
http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions.
Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online. Use the following guidelines to prepare
your article. Via the journal's online submission and tracking tool at:
http://ees.elsevier.com/endeavour you will be guided
stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat
PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted
to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence,
including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author's homepage, removing
the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
Manuscript Preparation
All articles should have a brief summary of about 100 words, which is an enticing
precis to the entire article. It should not contain any references or phrases such as "This article outlines..." or "Here, I argue...",
which we avoid as a matter of house style. Abbreviations should be defined in full the first time they are used. Any necessary mathematical
treatment, chemical notation, equations, etc. should be made as simple as the context allows; all algebraic terms must be explained.
Articles may be up to
3000 words long, excluding the summary, footnotes and captions for illustrations.
SI Units should
be used throughout. Always use Latin names of organisms in addition to the common names.
In preparing a manuscript for press, there
is a high level of developmental editing and the Editor reserves the right to make such changes as may be necessary to bring it into
line with house style. You will usually receive an edited version of your manuscript containing any questions that have arisen. Manuscripts
may be rejected if not of sufficient standard.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format.
Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular,
do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts
etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables,
if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs,
not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also
the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Do not import the figures into the text
file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on
Electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions
of your wordprocessor.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly.
Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case
superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each
affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.
Ensure that telephone
and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
•
Present/permanent address.
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at
the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the
author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the
first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well
as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include
them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g.,
providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many
wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes
in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Artwork
Endeavour is a very visual magazine and we have the luxury of being able to publish up
to
six illustrations in colour with each article. Authors are encouraged to exploit this opportunity. The preferred formats for
artwork are covered in more detail below. When working on rare primary sources that are difficult to source, please try to get the library
or museum to make a high-quality reproduction of a plate or portrait that you might like in your article - we will reimburse all reproduction
costs for figures that are published. Note that you will need to obtain permission to use the figures for your article. Guidelines for
permissions requests, as well as a template letter for this purpose, are available
here.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics"
or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
• Number
the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
•
Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit
each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless
of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats
(note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a
minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications
please supply "as is".
Please do not:
• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation)
document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
•
Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office
files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) in addition to color
reproduction in print. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached
to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (
not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep
text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the
table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that
the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
Notes and references
Up to 25 selected references and notes can be included in the bibliography to guide the reader to
further key literature. References should be numbered sequentially in the text, using square brackets [1,2], and listed at the end of
the manuscript; please do not use the footnote or endnote facility on word processing software, as it is vulnerable to corruption during
translation. Instead, please assemble a separate list as a standard page at the end of your Word typescript.
Supplementary material
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific
research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences,
high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the
electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order
to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data are provided in one of our recommended file formats.
Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each
file. Video files: please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or make a separate image. These will
be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your supplementary information. For more detailed instructions please
visit our artwork instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Submission checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending
it to the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the
following items are present:
One Author designated as corresponding Author:
• E-mail address
• Full postal
address
• Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked"
and "grammar-checked"
• References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference
list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources
(including the Web)
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge)
and in print or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only color on the
Web is required, black and white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please
visit our customer support site at
http://epsupport.elsevier.com.
Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to
a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium
for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The
correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal
Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
Following any developmental editing that is needed, the Editor will offer a formal acceptance of
your article before sending it to production.
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author
(if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for
this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html.
Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and
return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark
the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the
pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text,
tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure
that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of
your article if no response is received.
Offprints
The corresponding author,
at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article
and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. Additional paper
offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.
Book Reviews
The maximum length for Book Reviews is 800 words
Please avoid giving a 'blow by blow'
account of the book's contents. Rather, regard the review as an opportunity to discuss the subject, incorporating your appreciation or
criticism of the book: set the book in context and assess its accuracy and contribution to the field.
An unfavourable report, if
fair, is just as important as a glowing report. If substantial editorial changes are made to the review, you will have the opportunity
to see the revisions before publication.
Please suggest a 'headline' for the review, but its acceptance will be at the Editor's discretion.
An example of a recently accepted headline for the review of the book
The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology
is
The crucible of physics and astronomy.
Please give full details of the book, including its title, author, publisher,
year of publication, price, page numbers and ISBN
Please submit your review by using the Endeavour online submission system, as
described above. NB: you will need to select 'book review' as the article type when submitting.
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available)
please visit this journal's homepage. You can track accepted articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set
up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently
asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs,
will be provided by the publisher.
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