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PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
Official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society

Guide for Authors



Manuscripts Submission


Manuscripts may be submitted either to Randall Sakai or to Jaap Koolhaas. Authors should provide a list of the names and addresses of four referees who should not be directly associated with the research in the submitted manuscript.
On-Line Submission:
For online submission upload one copy of the full paper including graphics and all figures as graphics file separately at the online submission site, accessed via External link http://ees.elsevier.com/phb The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the Author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.

As part of the submission process your paper may be screened for English language usage and conformity to the guide for authors before it reaches the review stage. This is to ensure the journal's high standards are maintained and the review process is kept to a minimum. Passing this check is not a guarantee that your submission will subsequently proceed to the peer review process, which is a decision to be made at the sole discretion of the journal editor.

Once a paper has been accepted by the Editor and received by Elsevier, authors can track its progress through the system to publication, via the online author tracking system. To do this, go to External link http://authors.elsevier.com

ETHICS
The covering letter accompanying the manuscript must include a statement that the experimental protocol was approved by an Institutional Review Committee for the use of Human or Animal Subjects or that procedures are in compliance with at least the Declaration of Helsinki for human subjects, or the National Institutes of Health Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Publication No. 85-23, revised 1985), the UK Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 or the European Communities Council Directive of 24 November 1986 (86/609/EEC). This statement is required both in the cover letter as well as in the Methods section of the manuscript. Manuscripts will be returned if there is sufficient evidence that these accepted procedures and good ethical standards have not been followed.

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all Authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.

COPYRIGHT
Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to sign a "Journal Publishing Agreement" (for more information on this and copyright see External link http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail or letter will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript, together with a "Journal Publishing Agreement" form or a link to the online version of this agreement. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has pre-printed forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier homepage ( External link http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).

STYLE OF MANUSCRIPT

General Form
1. Each manuscript should be submitted and should be typewritten, double spaced with wide margins; computer generated illustrations must be of the same quality as professional line drawings or they will not be accepted.
2. The title page should contain: title of paper; author(s); laboratory or institution of origin with city, state, zip code, and country; complete address for mailing proofs, including telephone and FAX numbers, and E-mail address, if available; a running head not to exceed 40 characters including spaces between words.
3. References, footnotes, and legends for illustrations should be typed on separate sheets, double spaced.
4. Illustrations should be identified on the reverse with figure number and author(s) name; when necessary the top of copy should be clearly marked
5. Each table should be typed on a separate sheet and double spaced.
6. All dimensions and measurements must be specified in the metric system. Standard nomenclature, abbreviations and symbols, as specified by Royal Society Conference of Editors. Metrication in Scientific Journals, Am. Scient. 56:159-164; 1968, should be used throughout.
7. Italics should not be used for the purpose of emphasis.

Title
The title should not be longer than 85 characters, including spaces between words.
Length of Paper
The Editors insist upon clear, concise statement of facts and conclusions. Fragmentation of material into numerous short reports is discouraged.
Abstract
Each paper submitted must be accompanied by an abstract that does not exceed 250 words and must be suitable for use by abstracting journals. Abstracts should be prepared as follows:

KOSHIMIZU, K., H. OHIGASHI AND M. A. HUFFMAN. Use of Vernonia amygdalina by wild chimpanzees: Possible roles of its bitter and related constituents. PHYSIOL BEHAV 56(6) 000-000, 1994.—Bitter principles and related constituents have been isolated from . . .

A list of from 3-12 (or more) words or short phrases suitable for indexing terms should be typed at the bottom of the abstract page accompanying the manuscript. These terms will be printed with the paper at the end of the abstract.

Drugs
Proprietary (trademarked) names should be capitalized. The chemical name should precede the trade, popular name, or abbreviation of a drug the first time it occurs.
Footnotes
Title page footnotes should be numbered consecutively. If senior author is not to receive reprint requests, a footnote should be given to designate to whom requests should be sent. Text footnotes should not be used; the material should be incorporated into the text. Table footnotes: see Tables(b).
References
Literature cited should be prepared according to the Numbered style of the Council of Biology Editors. References should be cited by number, in brackets, within the text (only one reference to a number) and listed in order of citation (double spaced) on a separate sheet at the end of the manuscript. Do not recite names of authors within the text. Journal citations in the reference list should contain the following:
(a) surnames and initials of all authors (surname precedes initials);
(b) title of article;
(c) journal title abbreviation as listed in the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus;
(d) year, volume and inclusive pages. Example:


1. Nolte, D. L.; Mason, J. R.; Lewis, S. L. Tolerance of bitter compounds by an herbivore, Cavia porcellus. J. Chem. Ecol. 1994, 20:303-308.

Book references should be in the following order: author, title, city of publication, publisher, year, and pages. Examples:

1. Donegan, N. H.; Thompson, R. F. The search for the engram. In: Martinez, J. L.; Kesner, R. P., eds. Learning and memory: A biological view. 6th ed. New York: Academic Press; 1991:p3-58; vol. 7.

2. Myers, R. D. Handbook of drug and chemical stimulation of the brain. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company; 1974, p10-25.

Language Services
Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit External link http://www.elsevier.com/locate/languagepolishing or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our terms and Conditions External link http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions

Illustrations
(a) Prepare for use in a single column width whenever possible.
(b) All drawings for reduction to a given size should be drawn and lettered to the same scale.
(c) All illustrations should be referred to as figures and numbered in Arabic numerals.
(d) Lettering should be done in India ink or other suitable material and must be proportionate to the size of the illustrations if it is to be legible after reduction. Lettering should be sized so that its smallest elements (subscripts or superscripts) will be readable when reduced.
(e) When possible all lettering should be within the framework of the illustration; likewise the key to symbols should be on the face of the chart. The following standard symbols should be used: (open circle) (closed circle) (open triangle) (closed triangle) (open box) (closed box) +.
(f) Actual magnification of all photomicrographs should be given. Dimension scale should be indicated.
(g) Sharply contrasting unmounted photographs of figures on glossy paper or high quality laser prints are required.
(h) Illustrations should be submitted in black and white unless color reproduction is requested. Color prints should be submitted in actual size and authors will be responsible for the additional costs.


Tables
(a) Each table should have a brief heading; explanatory matter should be in footnotes, not as part of the title.
(b) Table footnotes should be indicated in the body of the table in order of their appearance with the following symbols: * # **, etc.
(c) Tables must not duplicate material in text or illustrations.
(d) Vertical rules should be omitted.
(e) Short or abbreviated column heads should be used.
(f) Statistical measures of variation, SD, SE, etc., should be identified.
(g) Analysis of Variance tables should not be submitted but significant F's should be incorporated where appropriate within the text. The appropriate form for reporting F value is F(11, 20) = 3.05, p 0.01.


Formulas and Equations
Structural chemical formulas, process flow-diagrams, and complicated mathematical expressions should be kept to a minimum. Usually chemical formulas and flow-diagrams should be drawn in India ink for reproduction as line cuts. All subscripts, superscripts, Greek letters, and unusual characters must be clearly identified.


Anesthesia
In describing surgical procedures on animals, the type and dosage of the anesthetic agent should be specified. Curarizing agents are not anesthetics; if these were used, evidence must be provided that anesthesia of suitable grade and duration was employed.

Preparation of supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material (e-components) to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the Author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: External link http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at External link http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.

PROOFS
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding Author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 available free from External link http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: External link http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win

If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail or send by post.

Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Return corrections within 2 days of receipt of the proofs. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.

OFFPRINTS
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.

Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.

AUTHOR ENQUIRIES
For enquiries relating to the submission of articles please visit this journal's homepage at External link http://www.elsevier.com/locate/physbeh. You can track accepted articles at External link http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed, as well as copyright information, frequently asked questions and more.

Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.

SPECIAL SUBJECT REPOSITORIES
As a service to our authors, Elsevier will deposit to PubMed Central (PMC) author manuscripts on behalf of Elsevier authors reporting NIH funded research. This service is a continuation of Elsevier's 2005 agreement with the NIH when the NIH introduced their voluntary 'Public Access Policy.'

The service will help authors comply with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) revised ''Public Access Policy,'' effective April 7, 2008. The NIH's revised policy requires that NIH-funded authors submit to PubMed Central (PMC), or have submitted on their behalf, their peer-reviewed author manuscripts, to appear on PMC no later than 12 months after final publication.

Elsevier will send to PMC the final peer-reviewed manuscript, which was accepted for publication and sent to Elsevier's production department, and that reflects any author-agreed changes made in response to peer-review comments. Elsevier will authorize the author manuscript's public access posting 12 months after final publication. Following the deposit by Elsevier, authors will receive further communications from Elsevier and NIH with respect to the submission.

Authors are also welcome to post their accepted author manuscript on their personal or institutional web site. Please note that consistent with Elsevier's author agreement, authors should not post manuscripts directly to PMC or other third party sites. Individual modifications to this general policy may apply to some Elsevier journals and society publishing partners.

As a leading publisher of scientific, technical and medical (STM) journals, Elsevier has led the industry in developing tools, programs and partnerships that provide greater access to, and understanding of, the vast global body of STM information. This service is an example of Elsevier willingness to work cooperatively to meet the needs of all participants in the STM publishing community.

DISCLAIMER
Whilst every effort is made by the publishers and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publishers, the editorial board and editors and their respective employees, officers and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.
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