Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior will publish original reports in the areas of pharmacology, biochemistry, and toxicology
in which the primary emphasis and theoretical context are behavioral. Contributions may involve clinical, preclinical, or basic research.
Purely behavioral studies generally will not be published unless they have directly demonstrable relevance to the areas of pharmacology,
biochemistry, or toxicology. Special encouragement is directed to participation of promising young scientists as well as investigators
from the growing neuroscience communities in Europe and Asia.
Prompt publication of original articles will be the standard procedure
and no brief or rapid communications will be considered. Articles will be published in the following formats:
Original Investigations:
Original high-quality research reports of systematic, comprehensive studies; preliminary data will not be published. Manuscripts that
describe a new method, technique, or apparatus pertinent to the aims and scope of the journal will also be considered. Although there
is no specific page limitation for this type of submission, articles should generally fall within the range of 5-10 printed pages (15-24
typewritten pages), including tables, figures, and references. Review Articles: A limited number of relevant and timely theoretical
review articles and results of symposia will be published. Generally these review articles will be solicited by the Editorial Board,
but authors are encouraged to submit a letter of interest accompanied by a brief outline (less than 2 pages) of the proposed review to
the Editors. Special Issues: A limited number of special issues reflecting timely new research areas or topics will be published.
Generally these special issues will be solicited by the Editorial Board, but authors are encouraged to submit suggestions. A guest editor
will be appointed for these special issues.
The accepted abbreviation for Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior for bibliographic
citation is Pharmacol Biochem Behav.
SUBMISSION CHECKLIST
It is hoped that this list will be useful during
the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further
details of any item. Ensure that the following items are present:
•One Author designated as corresponding Author:
•E-mail address •Full postal address •Telephone and fax numbers •All necessary files have been uploaded •Keywords •All figure captions •All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
•Manuscript has been "spellchecked" •References are in the correct format for this journal •All references
mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa •Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web) •Colour figures are clearly marked as being intended for colour reproduction
on the Web (free of charge) and in print (for a fee) or to be reproduced in colour on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white
in print •If only colour on the Web is required, black and white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
Submission to this journal proceeds totally on-line. Use the following guidelines to
prepare your article. Via the homepage of this journal ( http://www.elsevier.com/locate/pharmbiochembeh) you will be guided
stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat
PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted
to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence,
including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the Author's homepage, removing
the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
Papers submitted for publication with a European country of origin should be directed to Eve
Naughton (on behalf of Professor David N. Stephens), and papers from elsewhere should be directed to Dr. George F. Koob. Authors should
provide a list of names and addresses of four potential referees who should not be directly associated with the research in the submitted
manuscript.
The above represents a very brief outline of this form of submission. It can be advantageous to print this "Guide for
Authors" section from the site for reference in the subsequent stages of article preparation.
As part of the submission process
your paper may be screened for English language usage and conformity to the guide for authors before it reaches the review stage. This
is to ensure the journal's high standards are maintained and the review process is kept to a minimum. Passing this check is not a guarantee
that your submission will subsequently proceed to the peer review process, which is a decision to be made at the sole discretion of the
journal editor.
ETHICS
The covering letter accompanying the manuscript must include a statement that the experimental
protocol was approved by an Institutional Review Committee for the use of Human or Animal Subjects or that procedures are in compliance
with at least the Declaration of Helsinki for human subjects, or the National Institutes of Health Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory
Animals (Publication No. 85-23, revised 1985), the UK Animals Scientific Procedures Act 1986 or the European Communities Council Directive
of 24 November 1986 (86/609/EEC). This statement is required both in the cover letter as well as in the Methods section of the manuscript.
Manuscripts will be returned if there is sufficient evidence that these accepted procedures and good ethical standards have not been
followed.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract
or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication
is approved by all Authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted,
it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
COPYRIGHT
Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to sign a "Journal Publishing Agreement" (for more information
on this and copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible
dissemination of information. An e-mail or letter will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript, together
with a "Journal Publishing Agreement" form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
If excerpts from other copyrighted
works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier
has pre-printed forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+44) 1865 843830, fax
(+44) 1865 853333, e-mail permissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions).
As
a service to our authors, Elsevier will deposit to PubMed Central (PMC) author manuscripts on behalf of Elsevier authors reporting NIH
funded research. This service is a continuation of Elsevier's 2005 agreement with the NIH when the NIH introduced their voluntary 'Public
Access Policy.'
The service will help authors comply with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) revised ''Public Access Policy,''
effective April 7, 2008. The NIH's revised policy requires that NIH-funded authors submit to PubMed Central (PMC), or have submitted
on their behalf, their peer-reviewed author manuscripts, to appear on PMC no later than 12 months after final publication.
Elsevier
will send to PMC the final peer-reviewed manuscript, which was accepted for publication and sent to Elsevier's production department,
and that reflects any author-agreed changes made in response to peer-review comments. Elsevier will authorize the author manuscript's
public access posting 12 months after final publication. Following the deposit by Elsevier, authors will receive further communications
from Elsevier and NIH with respect to the submission.
Authors are also welcome to post their accepted author manuscript on their
personal or institutional web site. Please note that consistent with Elsevier's author agreement, authors should not post manuscripts
directly to PMC or other third party sites. Individual modifications to this general policy may apply to some Elsevier journals and
society publishing partners.
As a leading publisher of scientific, technical and medical (STM) journals, Elsevier has led the industry
in developing tools, programs and partnerships that provide greater access to, and understanding of, the vast global body of STM information.
This service is an example of Elsevier willingness to work cooperatively to meet the needs of all participants in the STM publishing
community.
PREPARATION OF TEXT
Presentation of manuscript
Please write your text in good English (American
or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in
vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above). All dimensions and measurements
must be specified in the metric system. Standard nomenclature, abbreviations and symbols, as specified by Royal Society Conference of
Editors. Metrification in Scientific Journals, Am. Scient. 56:159-164; 1968, should be used throughout. Italics should not be used for
the purpose of emphasis.
Length of Paper. The Editors insist upon clear, concise statements of facts and conclusions. Fragmentation
of material into numerous short reports is discouraged.
Drugs. Proprietary (trademarked) names should be capitalized. The
chemical name should precede the trade, popular name, or abbreviation of a drug the first time it occurs. The manufacturer's name and
location should be included in the text.
Footnotes. Title page footnotes should be numbered consecutively. If the senior
author is not to receive reprint requests, a footnote should be given to designate to whom requests should be sent. Text footnotes should
not be used; the material should be incorporated into the text.
Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate
section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. All
sources of funding supporting the work are to be declared. Authors are to disclose all financial relationships with any persons or organisations
that could be perceived to bias the work described in the manuscript. In submitting the article for consideration for publication, the
author(s) attest that all potential conflicts of interest have been disclosed and addressed in the manuscript.
References.
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the Authors. Citations in the text: Please ensure that
every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be
given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the
text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should
include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication", Citation of a reference
as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication. Text: All citations in the text should refer to: 1. Single
Author: the Author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication; 2. Two Authors: both
Authors' names and the year of publication; 3. Three or more Authors: first Author's name followed by "et al." and the year
of publication. Citations may be made directly (or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then
chronologically.
Examples: "as demonstrated in wheat (Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer et al. (2000) have
recently shown ...."
List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary.
More than one reference from the same Author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after
the year of publication.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA.
The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2000; 163:51-9.
Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements
of style. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan; 1979.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare
an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age. New York: E-Publishing Inc;
1994. p. 281-304.
Note shortened form for last page number. e.g., 51-9, and that for more than 6 Authors the first 6 should be listed
followed by "et al". For further details you are referred to "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals"
(J Am Med Assoc 1997; 277:927-934) (see also http://www.nejm.org/general/text/requirements/1.htm).
The digital object
identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alphanumeric character string which
is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is
an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information.
The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Electronic format
requirements for accepted articles
Word processor documents
It is important that the file be saved in the native
format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most
formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify
text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations
or tables, but prepare these using the word processor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one
grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic
text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/howtosubmitpaper). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic
text and on the manuscript. See also the section on 'Preparation of Electronic Illustrations'. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly
advised to use the "spellchecker" function of your word processor.
Use double spacing and wide (3 cm) margins. (Avoid full justification,
i.e., do not use a constant right-hand margin). Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Upload tables and figures as separate
files and do not include in the main manuscript file. If possible, consult a recent issue of the journal to become familiar with layout
and conventions. Number all pages consecutively. Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author
names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the Authors'
affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lowercase superscript letter
immediately after the Author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including
the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each Author.
Corresponding Author. Clearly indicate who is willing
to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with
country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address.
If an Author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent
address") may be indicated as a footnote to that Author's name. The address at which the Author actually did the work must be retained
as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual
abstract is required (maximum length 200 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results
and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should
therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list.
Keywords. Immediately
after the abstract, provide a maximum of 12 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and",
"of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used
for indexing purposes.
Language Services Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services
pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/locate/languagepolishing or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com
for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside
vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our terms and Conditions http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions
PREPARATION OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Preparation of electronic illustrations
General points •Make sure
you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. •Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. •Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. •Number the illustrations
according to their sequence in the text. •Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files. •Provide all illustrations
as separate files. •Provide captions to illustrations on a single page at the end of the main manuscript file. •Produce
images near to the desired size of the printed version. •A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our web-site:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information
are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save
as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone
combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs
(halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped
line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required. DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any
of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not: •Supply embedded graphics in your
word processor (spreadsheet, presentation) document; •Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT,
WPG); the resolution is too low; •Supply files that are too low in resolution; •Submit graphics that are disproportionately
large for the content.
Colour illustrations. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then
Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites)
regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you
will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation
of electronic artwork, please see http://www..elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Please note: Because of technical complications
which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please
submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.
Tables. Number tables consecutively
in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase
letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results
described elsewhere in the article. Tables must not duplicate material in text or illustrations. Short or abbreviated column heads should
be used. Statistical measures of variation, SD, SEM, SE, etc., should be identified. Analysis of variance tables should not be submitted,
but significant F should be incorporated where appropriate within the text. The appropriate form for reporting F value is: F
(11, 20)≡ = 3.05, p – 0.01
Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material
(e-components) to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the Author additional possibilities to publish
supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary
files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data
is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article
and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages
at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Formulas and Equations. Structural chemical formulas, process
flow-diagrams, and complicated mathematical expressions should be kept to a minimum. Usually chemical formulas and flow-diagrams should
be drawn in India ink for reproduction as line cuts. All subscripts, superscripts, Greek letters, and unusual characters must be clearly
identified.
Anesthesia. In describing surgical procedures on animals, the type and dosage of the anesthetic agent should
be specified. Curarizing agents are not anesthetics; if these were used, evidence must be provided that anesthesia of suitable grade
and duration was employed.
PROOFS
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding Author
(if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for
this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 available free from http://www.adobe/com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html.
Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form)
and return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then
mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan
the pages and e-mail or send by post.
Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing completeness and correctness
of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage
with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is
important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as
inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Return corrections within
2 days of receipt of the proofs. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.
OFFPRINTS
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively,
25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover
image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order
form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.
AUTHOR ENQUIRIES
For enquiries relating to the submission
of articles please visit this journal's homepage at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/pharmbiochembeh. You can track accepted
articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has
changed, as well as copyright information, frequently asked questions and more.
Contact details for questions arising after acceptance
of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.
DISCLAIMER
Whilst every effort is made by the publishers and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement
appears in this journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are
the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publishers, the editorial board and editors and
their respective employees, officers and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any inaccurate
or misleading data, opinion or statement.
