Guide for Authors
Free Radical Biology & Medicine is an international, interdisciplinary journal
that publishes original contributions and reviews on a broad range of topics relating to redox biology, signaling, biological chemistry
and medical implications of free radicals, reactive species, oxidants and antioxidants.
Types of paper
Full-length research articles, Review articles, Hypothesis papers, Methods articles and Letters to
the Editor.
Original Articles: Original articles are the normal medium of publication. Although there is no fixed length,
articles should be as concise as possible, while providing sufficient information for the work to be repeated and for the claims of the
authors to be judged by the readers.
Reviews: These are contributed by scientists who are leading specialists in their field
of expertise, normally at the invitation of the Editors. Authors wishing to contribute a review paper are advised first to contact the
Reviews Editor, Dr. Henry Forman. Please e-mail the outline and abstract of the proposed review to
frbm@elsevier.com
before submission.
Letters to the Editor: Letters to the Editor are intended to stimulate discussion and debate in areas of
general concern and controversy in free radical and oxidant research, and generally reflect the personal opinions of the author(s). They
should be written in a continuous style and should normally not exceed two printed pages and contain no more than one figure and table.
Contact details for submission
Papers should be submitted using the
Free Radical Biology &
Medicine online submission system,
http://ees.elsevier.com/frbm For questions on the submission or reviewing process,
please contact the Editorial Office at
frbm@elsevier.com
Page charges
This journal has no page charges.
Ethics in publishing
For information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication
see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Policy and ethics
The work described in your article must have been carried out in accordance with
The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html;
Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical journals http://www.icmje.org. This must be stated
at an appropriate point in the article.
Animal experiments
Where animals
have been used in a study, the institutional ethical or animal welfare Authority under which the work was conducted must be stated, along
with the specific authorisation reference number. Circumstances relating to animal experimentation must meet the
International Guiding
Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals, as issued by the Council for the International Organizations of Medical Sciences.
These guidelines are obtainable from: Executive Secretary C.I.O.M.S., c/o WHO, Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, or at the following
URL:
http://www.cioms.ch/frame_1985_texts_of_guidelines.htm, or the
EC Directive 86/609/EEC for animal experiments
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/legislation_en.htm.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any
financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that
could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not
been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under
consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible
authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or
in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article
may be checked by the originality detection software iThenticate. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/editors/plagdetect.
Authorship
All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception
and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically
for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted.
Changes to authorship
This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship
of accepted manuscripts:
Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author,
or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must
include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax,
letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors,
this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded
by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above. Note that: (1) Journal Managers
will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2) publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until
authorship has been agreed.
After the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or
rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'
(for more information on this and copyright see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure
the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript
together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce
tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of
the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations
and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included,
the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted
forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details
you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the
funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation
of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation
of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such
involvement then this should be stated. Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose
articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions
of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Elsevier journals comply with current NIH public access policy.
Open access
This journal offers you the option of making your article freely available to all via the ScienceDirect
platform. To prevent any conflict of interest, you can only make this choice after receiving notification that your article has been
accepted for publication. The fee of $3,000 excludes taxes and other potential author fees such as color charges. In some cases, institutions
and funding bodies have entered into agreement with Elsevier to meet these fees on behalf of their authors. Details of these agreements
are available at
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies. Authors of accepted articles, who wish to take advantage of this
option, should complete and submit the order form (available at
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/openaccessform.pdf). Whatever
access option you choose, you retain many rights as an author, including the right to post a revised personal version of your article
on your own website. More information can be found here:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Language and language services
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted,
but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission
please visit
http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageservices
or our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com
for more information.
Your Paper-Your Way
As part of the Your Paper-Your
Way service, authors may submit a PDF version of their manuscript for use in the refereeing process. This PDF file can be in any format
or lay-out that can be used by referees to evaluate your work. It should contain high enough quality figures for refereeing. References
can be in any style or format, as long as the full paper title is present. After revision, at acceptance, source files of the paper,
figures, tables and figure captions will then be required to produce the final published version - not before.
Submission in the traditional
way is also still possible.
Submission
Submission to
this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically
converts source files to a single PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process (see above). Please note that even
though manuscript source files are converted to PDF files at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further
processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place
by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.
Submit your article
Please
submit your article via
http://ees.elsevier.com/frbm
Referees
A minimum of four suitable potential reviewers (please provide their name, email addresses, and institutional affiliation) should
be provided. When compiling this list of potential reviewers please consider the following important criteria: they must be knowledgeable
about the manuscript subject area; must not be from your own institution; at least two of the suggested reviewers should be from another
country than the authors'; and they should not have recent (less than four years) joint publications with any of the authors. However,
the final choice of reviewers is at the editors' discretion.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important that the file be saved
in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as
possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's
options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables,
if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs,
not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also
the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Note that source files of figures, tables
and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
To
avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your wordprocessor.
Article structure
Subdivision - unnumbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined sections. Each subsection is given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own
separate line. Subsections should be used as much as possible when cross-referencing text: refer to the subsection by heading as opposed
to simply 'the text'.
Introduction
State the objectives of the work
and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced, with details of
supplier and catalogue number when appropriate. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications
should be described.
Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined
Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which
may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval
systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name
may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work
was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in
front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available,
the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at
all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code)
are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding
author.
•
Present/permanent address.
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done,
or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address
at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for
such footnotes.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The
abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented
separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then
cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined
at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Graphical abstract
A Graphical
abstract is optional and should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention
of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described in the article. Graphical abstracts
should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 ×
1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution
of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See
http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts for examples.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images also in accordance
with all technical requirements:
Illustration
Service.
The Editors strongly encourage graphical
abstracts and suggest that amongst the examples given
http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts, that example 11 and 12
best reflect the sort of graphical abstract most suited to this field and journal.
Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings
of the article and should be submitted in a separate file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and
include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See
http://www.elsevier.com/highlights
for examples.
Keywords
Following the abstract, list keywords for
indexing. These keywords should cover precisely the contents of the submitted paper and should give readers sufficient information as
to the relevance of the paper to their particular field.
Abbreviations
Define
abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that
are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations
throughout the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a
separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote
to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing
assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Nomenclature and abbreviations
Stylistic details must be kept constant. For example, electron spin resonance is abbreviated either ESR or EPR(for electron paramagnetic
resonance). Either can be used, but both should be given and stated as equivalent at the first mention.(This is the recommendation of
the International EPR Society.) Formulas for radicals follow IUPAC recommendations and contain a superscripted (not centered) large dot
that precedes a charge,if any. Thus, superoxide is represented by O
2˙
-, not O
2
-, or some
other permutation.
Other examples are HO˙ or ˙OH (not OH˙), RO˙, ROO˙/˙NO
2,˙CH
2OH,
etc. In the text, names of radicals are preferred, rather than using formulas in the middle of sentences. For names of radicals, use
alkoxyl, peroxyl, and hydroxyl and not alkoxy, peroxy, etc. (correct nomenclature requires the 'l' on the end of radicals, as in methyl,
hydroxyl, etc.). Use tert, not t-, etc., for abbreviations. For example, CORRECT: tert-butoxyl, sec-peroxyl; INCORRECT: t-butoxy, s-peroxy.
Wherever
possible, nomenclature and abbreviations should be in accordance with internationally agreed rules. When an enzyme or compound is first
mentioned in the text, specification by its code number accompanied by its systematic name (as distinct from its trivial name) is requested
by the Editors, but not checked for correctness.
Official names of drugs are preferred to trade names.
Standard three-letter codes
for the common amino acids may be used freely and without definition, but the one-letter codes should be restricted to comparisons of
long protein sequences. Similar considerations apply to nucleosides and nucleotides. Standard three-letter codes for carbohydrates and
for purine and pyrimidine bases may also be used. All other abbreviations should be defined when they first appear in the text. If an
extensive list of abbreviations is used, please provide an alphabetical list with definitions followed by the references at the end of
the article.
Temperatures denoted by an unqualified degree symbol are assumed to be Celsius. For solution strengths, percentages should
be expressed by the sign %, followed in cases of ambiguity by w/w, w/v, or v/v [e.g., 5% (w/v) means 5 g/100 ml].
All non-standard
abbreviations should be defined in a footnote.
Database linking and Accession numbers
Elsevier aims at connecting online articles with external databases which are useful in their respective research communities.
If your article contains relevant unique identifiers or accession numbers (bioinformatics) linking to information on entities (genes,
proteins, diseases, etc.) or structures deposited in public databases, then please indicate those entities according to the standard
explained below.
Authors should explicitly mention the
database abbreviation (as mentioned below) together with the actual database
number, bearing in mind that an error in a letter or number can result in a dead link in the online version of the article.
Please
use the following format:
Database ID: xxxx
Links can be provided in your online article to the following databases (examples
of citations are given in parentheses):
•
GenBank: Genetic
sequence database at the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI) (GenBank ID: BA123456)
•
PDB:
Worldwide Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 1TUP)
•
CCDC: Cambridge Crystallographic
Data Centre (CCDC ID: AI631510)
•
TAIR: The Arabidopsis Information
Resource database (TAIR ID: AT1G01020)
•
NCT: ClinicalTrials.gov
(NCT ID: NCT00222573)
•
OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance
in Man (OMIM ID: 601240)
•
MINT: Molecular INTeractions
database (MINT ID: 6166710)
•
MI: EMBL-EBI OLS Molecular
Interaction Ontology (MI ID: 0218)
•
UniProt: Universal Protein Resource
Knowledgebase (UniProt ID: Q9H0H5)
Footnotes
Footnotes should be used
sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into
the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes
themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate
each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Image manipulation
Whilst it is accepted that authors sometimes need to manipulate images for clarity, manipulation for purposes of deception or fraud
will be seen as scientific ethical abuse and will be dealt with accordingly. For graphical images, this journal is applying the following
policy: no specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. Adjustments of brightness, contrast,
or color balance are acceptable if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original. Nonlinear
adjustments (e.g. changes to gamma settings) must be disclosed in the figure legend.
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original
artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as 'graphics' or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations:
Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical
naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to
the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork
is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some
excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic
artwork is finalised, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line
drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum
of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
If your electronic
artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is'.
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply files
that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office
files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether
or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.
For color reproduction in print, you will receive information
regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or
on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to 'gray scale' (for the printed version
should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached
to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (
not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep
text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the
table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that
the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
References
Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference
cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full.
Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these
references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution
of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies
that the item has been accepted for publication.
Web references
As
a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author
names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the
reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and
any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
Reference
management software
This journal has standard templates available in key reference management packages EndNote (
http://www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp)
and Reference Manager (
http://refman.com/support/rmstyles.asp). Using plug-ins to wordprocessing packages, authors only
need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article and the list of references and citations to these will be
formatted according to the journal style which is described below.
Reference style
Type references double-spaced and number them consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text, not alphabetically.
Cite references in the text, tables, and legends in sequential, numerical order, placing the numbers in square brackets. References cited
only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with a sequence established by the first mention in the text of the
particular table or figure. Journal titles are to be abbreviated according to the List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus published
by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Examples of reference style are as follows:
Journal:
[1] Muller, F. L.; Lustgarten,
M. S.; Jang, Y.; Richardson, A.; Van Remmen, H. Trends in oxidative aging theories. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 43:477-503; 2007.
Book:
[2]
Van Faassen, E.; Vanin, A., eds. Radicals For Life: the Various Forms of nitric oxide. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007.
Chapter in edited
book:
[3] Zuo, L.; Clanton, T. L. Detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in tissues using redox-sensitive fluorescent probes.
In: Sen, C. K.; Packer, L., eds. Redox cell biology and genetics, part A. Methods in enzymology, volume 352. San Diego: Academic Press;
2002: 307-325.
Abstract:
[4] Freeman, B.; Aslan, M. Tissue oxidation and nitration reactions in a mouse model and humans with sickle
cell disease (abstract). Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33:S298; 2002.
Manuscripts that have been accepted for publication may be cited as
"in press" in the reference list using the estimated year of publication:
[5] Aguirre, J.; Lambeth, J.D. Nox enzymes from fungus
to fly to fish and what they tell us about Nox function in mammals. Free Radic. Biol. Med. In press; 2010.
Reference to a paper as
"in press" implies that it has been accepted for publication. Evidence (e.g., a photocopy of the note of acceptance from the journal
concerned) should accompany the submitted typescript. Papers that are "in press" should be included as a number in the text. Other papers
submitted before or simultaneously with the paper in question should be included as a number in the text and in the References section,
stating the name of the journal. Copies of papers that are submitted elsewhere should be provided for inspection by the Editors. Omission
of this information will delay publication and may lead to redating of a submitted manuscript. Papers presented at scientific meetings
that are not available in published form should not be cited as references in the References section.
Unpublished results should not
be listed in the References section. In the text they are mentioned as follows: "(Tervoort MV and Glimcher J, unpublished data)". When
unpublished results are cited, the data should be provided for the Editors' information when essential for proper evaluation, or if requested.
A personal communication should be mentioned in the text as follows: "(Tervoort MV, personal communication)". Authors should not make
unauthorized use of personal communications. Personal communications are not to be included in the Reference section.
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal
abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of title word abbreviations:
http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service):
http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Video
data
Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who
have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include these within the body of
the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body
text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content.
In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the files in one of our recommended file
formats with a preferred maximum size of 50 MB. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version
of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. Please supply 'stills'
with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard
icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and
the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Supplementary
data
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files
offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips
and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products,
including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable,
please provide the data in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with
the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction
pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Supplementary
material captions
Each supplementary material file should have a short caption which will be placed at the bottom of the
article, where it can assist the reader and also be used by search engines.
Full
Online Submission
The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal
for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One Author designated as corresponding Author:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone and
fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including
title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked" and "grammar-checked"
•
References are in the correct format for this journal - preferred but not essential.
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