Theriogenology is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes papers regarding the study of reproduction in domestic
and non-domestic mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. Theriogenology publishes only material that has never been previously
published and is not being considered for publication elsewhere; the exception would be limited disclosure (e.g. publication of an abstract
or in the proceedings of a scientific conference, with limited circulation).
All submissions will be reviewed by at least two anonymous
reviewers to evaluate them for originality, clear statement of a hypothesis, appropriate experimental design, completeness of methods,
a logical and comprehensive discussion, and conclusions that are supported by data. Authors are encouraged to name up to five potential
reviewers and to provide contact information (including e-mail addresses). However, the Editors retain the right to choose reviewers
as deemed appropriate.
Types of articles
Original Research Papers (Regular Papers)
Review Articles
Technical Notes
Original Research Papers Papers report original research, not previously published (except
by limited disclosure).
Review Articles cover topics of current interest. They may be submitted or invited. Review articles
should include a meaningful abstract, but are not required to include Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion. However, the rules
regarding numbering sections, formatting and references are similar to those for an Original Research Paper.
Technical Notes
are concise, comprehensive descriptions of technical aspects of innovative methods (that will not be subsequently published as a full-length
paper). The entire submitted manuscript typically should not exceed approximately 12 double-spaced pages.
Submission of manuscripts Theriogenology uses the Elsevier Editorial System (EES), a web-based system for submission, review and revision. All manuscripts
(original and revised versions) must be submitted electronically from the journal website (http://ees.elsevier.com/therio.
)
Unnecessary cruelty in animal experimentation is not acceptable. Animal use must be in accordance with the International Guiding
Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals, obtainable from: Executive Secretary, Council for the International Organizations
of Medical Sciences, c/o World Health Organization, Via Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; or from their website (http://www.cioms.ch/frame_1985_texts_of_guidelines.htm
.)
Preparation of manuscripts
Manuscripts that do not meet acceptable standards will be returned to the authors.
Prior to submission, manuscripts should be reviewed by someone with in-depth knowledge of scientific style and English grammar, syntax,
semantics and spelling (contact the Editors for a list of persons providing this service). Manuscripts should be written in clear, concise
and grammatically correct English and formatted according to the instructions listed below (also consult additional notes regarding style
at the end of this document).
).
Pages must be numbered at the bottom right corner and each line must be numbered on the left
side.
Every page of the manuscript (including abstracts, footnotes and references) must be doubled-spaced, all margins <2.5
cm, and text left justified.
Starting with the Introduction, sections are to be numbered (1. Introduction); subordinate numbering
is allowed (e.g. 1.1.), to a maximum of about four levels (1.1.1.1.).
Titles and subtitles should be typed on a separate
line, without indentation. Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and all subtitles. Leave one blank line before
the first paragraph and after the last paragraph of a section, and indent each paragraph.
Manuscripts must be organized as
follows (may be modified for Review Articles or Technical Notes, after consultation with the Editor):
Title Page
(to include): • Title, which should be clear, descriptive, not too long, with minimal abbreviations or commercial names (capitalize
only the first letter of the first word) • Initials, surnames and professional affiliations of all author(s) • Current
and complete postal addresses of all authors and affiliate institutions • Corresponding Author with complete contact information
including mailing address, complete telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address
Abstract: on a separate page, not to exceed
250 words. The abstract should include the objective, main findings (including means and probability values, as appropriate), and primary
conclusion(s) of the paper.
Five keywords (indexing terms): capitalize the first letter of each word or term and separate
successive items with a semicolon. Authors are encouraged to consult a standard list of reference terms (e.g., http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html
).
Introduction: should provide a brief context for the research. There should be three parts: a clear, brief description
of the nature and extent of the problem; a brief review of the essential literature; and a statement of how the present study challenges,
expands or improves existing knowledge. The final paragraph should include the hypothesis or objective(s), but should not include a summary
of the findings of the current study.
Materials and Methods: : must contain enough information to allow a competent worker
to duplicate the study. Materials and equipment should be named specifically, including the manufacturer/supplier, city, state/province
(if applicable) and country. Descriptions of animals should include species, breed, sex, and age as well as (if appropriate) husbandry
methods, climate, photoperiod, and geographic location. Experimental methods (including the experimental design) should be comprehensive
and logical. The method of statistical evaluation must be clearly described (cite the software used). Indicate treatment and response
variables, main effects and interactions, define experimental units and how they were allocated into groups.
Results:
: should fully describe the outcome, including all information described as collected in Materials and Methods. The use of tables and
figures is encouraged, especially for data that cannot be easily described in the text. Emphasize important points in the text, but
do not excessively repeat data in tables and figures. Avoid discussion and interpretation of the data in the Results section.
Discussion: includes principles, relationships, and general truths. First refer to the outcome of the present study, indicate
how it is similar or different to that previously reported, and discuss your interpretation of the state of knowledge in the area. Theoretical
or practical implications of the work should be discussed, and suggestions made regarding future studies. Major conclusions and implications
should be stated in a brief, final paragraph.
Acknowledgements: cite sources of funds, materials and assistance.
References:
follow style noted below.
Tables: follow guidelines noted below.
Figure Legends: should not be excessively
long and detailed but should provide sufficient context that the figure can be interpreted in the absence of the rest of the paper.
Tables
All tables should be referred to by consecutive Arabic numerals (e.g., Table 1) in the order in which they are
first cited.
Avoid excessively large tables and those without no or few significant differences.
Each table should
be on a separate page (at the end of the manuscript).
Each table should have a brief, self-explanatory title.
Column headings should be brief, self-explanatory and have minimal repetition. Standard abbreviations of units of measurement should
be enclosed within parentheses. For column and row headings, capitalize only the first letter of the first word.
Vertical
lines should not be used to separate columns (leave extra space between columns).
Information essential to interpreting
the table should appear as a footnote below the table.
.
Illustrations
All illustrations should be referred
to by consecutive Arabic numerals (e.g., Fig. 1).
Units should be indicated in the figures.
Each illustration
should be identified by its number. An indication of the top of the illustrations is required in all cases where it is not immediately
apparent.
Illustrations should be consistent with the layout and size of the journal page (illustrations can be placed in
a single column or across the entire page). Illustrations should be large enough to allow a reduction of 50%.
Ensure that
the lettering is big enough to allow a reduction of 50% without becoming illegible. The lettering should be in English. Use the same
kind of lettering throughout and follow the style of the journal. Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of all axis labels.
Use bar scales on all illustrations (instead of numerical scales that must be changed with reduction).
Each illustration
should have a caption (typed on a separate sheet).
Explanations should be given in the legend. Text in the illustrations should
be kept to a minimum.
Photographs are only acceptable if they have good contrast and intensity. Reproductions of photographs
already printed cannot be accepted.
If you submit usable color figures, Elsevier will ensure that they appear free-of-charge
in color in the electronic version of your paper, regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed
version. Color illustrations can only be included in print if the author agrees to pay for their publication. Technical complications
may arise during conversion of color figures to `grey scale? (for the printed version); therefore, submit appropriate black and white
prints corresponding to all color illustrations.
All references
cited in the text should be listed in a References section (after Acknowledgements). Ensure there is complete agreement between references
cited in the text and those listed in the References section and that all information in the References section is accurate and complete.
References in the text should be indicated by Arabic numerals in brackets (with multiple citations separated by a comma and
no space between the comma and the next citation); three or more consecutive citations should be separated by a hyphen, i.e. [1,2] [1-3]
[1-3,5].
In the Reference section, references must be listed in numerical (NOT alphabetical) order, with reference number
enclosed in brackets. References should use the following style:
a. For periodicals
Connor EE, Ashwell MS,
Dahl GE. Characterization and expression of the bovine growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2002;22:189-200.
b. For books
Betteridge KJ. Embryo Transfer. In: Reproduction in Domesticated Animals, King GJ (Ed.), World Animal
Science B9, Elsevier B.V., 1993, pp. 413-418.
c. For multi-author books
Van Zutphen LFM, Baumans V, Beynen
AC. Principles of Laboratory Animal Science, Revised Edition. Elsevier B.V., 2001.
Abbreviate the titles of periodicals
mentioned in the list of references in accordance with BIOSIS Serial Sources (published annually by BIOSIS). The correct abbreviation
for this journal is: Theriogenology.
In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is
to be retained. However, the titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as "(in Russian)"
or "(in Greek, with English abstract)" should be added.
Work accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred
to as "in press".
1.
References concerning unpublished data and "personal communications" should not be cited in the reference
list but may be mentioned in the text.
Preparation of supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic
supplementary material to support and enhance communication of your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional
opportunities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound files,
etc. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products,
including ScienceDirect: (http://www.sciencedirect.com ) .
In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly
usable, please ensure that data are provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic
format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. Detailed instructions are available online
on Elsevier?s Authors? Home: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
Footnotes
Footnotes should
only be used if absolutely essential (otherwise include in text).
1.
If used, they should be numbered in the text, indicated
by superscript numbers, and be as brief as possible.
Additional style notes
Nomenclature
Authors
and editors are, by general agreement, obliged to accept the rules governing biological nomenclature, as laid down in the International
Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, and the International Code of Zoological
Nomenclature.
All biotica (crops, plants, insects, birds, mammals, etc.) should be identified by their scientific names
when the English term is first used, with the exception of common domestic animals.
All biocides and other organic compounds
must be identified by their Geneva names when first used in the text. Active ingredients of all formulations should be likewise identified.
For chemical nomenclature, the conventions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the official recommendations
of the IUPAC-IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature should be followed.
Please use the following
words, phrases, abbreviations, and stylistic conventions:
Avoid the word "injected," (e.g., "Cows were injected with cloprostenol")
but include the generic name, proprietary name, dosage and route of administration (e.g., "Cows were treated with cloprostenol [Estrumate
500 υg im]").
Either cite a P value (recommended for Abstract and for Results) or use the term `significant? (recommended
for Discussion), but do not do both.
Terms with a specific statistical meaning (i.e. significant, tended and correlated),
should only be used in a strict statistical context.
Numbers less than 10 are written as a word, unless followed by an abbreviation
for unit of measure, e.g. five embryos, 5 min
gravity: 100 X g (in lieu of speed for centrifugation)
magnification: X 100
identification
number of an animal: No. 10, but 30 animals: n = 30
3 d, Day 3 (define Day 0)
Standard definitions:
oogonium: female gamete before meiosis
oocyte, primary: female gamete from onset of the first maturation division (meiosis)
until extrusion of the first polar body
oocyte secondary: female gamete from onset of second meiosis until extrusion of the
second polar body
ovum: female gamete from the end of both meiotic divisions until the union of the male and female pronuclei
(differs from the common use of ovum as a general term for any female gamete)
germinal vesicle: nucleus of the ovum.
zygote: a fertilized ovum, from the fusion of the male and female gamete until completion of the first cleavage.
embryo:
a conceptus from 2-cell stage to the stage when cell migration and differentiation are largely complete
fetus: a conceptus
after organogenesis is mostly complete (primarily increasing in size)
conceptus: an embryo or fetus with all its membranes
and accessory structures.
abortion: expulsion of a conceptus incapable of independent life.
premature parturition:
expulsion (before full term) of a conceptus capable of independent life
stillbirth: Do avoid this term (use fetal death or
abortion)
Abbreviations:
Never use an abbreviation to start a sentence. Some abbreviations may be used anywhere else,
including the manuscript?s title and figure and table titles and legends, without definition; others may not be used in the title, but
may be used in the text without definition. In general, abbreviations must be defined when used for the first time (this may be avoided
in the ABSTRACT if necessary to conserve space). To make reading the paper more pleasant, avoid using abbreviations and acronyms, instead
use short synonyms, for instance: for "Cesarean section" instead of "CS" use "section" or "hysterectomy."
The following abbreviations
may be used in the text without definition (note that abbreviations exclude periods):
Units of Measure:
cpm - counts per min
dpm - disintegrations per min
g - gram
ga - gauge of hypodermic needle
h - hour
kg - kilogram
L - liter
mL - milliliter
vL - microliter
m - meter
min - minute
mo - month
sec - second
v:v - volume ratio
wk - week
wt/vol - weight per volume
yr - year
Routes
of treatment:
id - intradermal
im - intramuscular
iu - intrauterine
iv - intravenous
sc - subcutaneous
po - oral
Statistical expressions:
ANOVA - analysis of variance
CV - coefficient of variation
df - degrees of freedom
F - variance
ratio
NS - not significant
P - probability
SD - standard deviation
SEM - standard error of the mean
r - correlation
coefficient
Additional information:
For issues of style and format not addressed here, please consult Scientific Style
and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, Sixth Edition.
For spelling, word formation and divisions,
plurals, possessives, meanings and usage, consult the CBE Manual or a current college-level English language dictionary.
For conflicts between instructions in this Guide and any of the references, the Guide takes precedence. Do not hesitate to contact the
Editors if you have questions regarding manuscript preparation.
Permissions
Authors, when quoting
from someone else?s work or when considering reproducing an illustration or table from a book or journal article, should make sure that
they are not infringing a copyright.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written
permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s)in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by Authors in these
cases: contact Elsevier?s Rights Department, Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone (+1) 215 239 3804, fax (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail healthpermissions@elsevier.com.
Requests may also be completed online via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions ).
Material in unpublished letters and manuscripts is also protected and must not be published unless permission has been obtained.
Any borrowed material must be appropriately acknowledged.
Proofs
Proofs will be sent by e-mail to the
corresponding author (as listed on the title page). Only typesetter?s errors may be corrected; no changes or additions will be allowed.
Elsevier reserves the privilege of returning to the author for revision accepted manuscripts and illustrations that are not in appropriate
format. Elsevier will endeavor to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. Therefore, ensure
that all corrections are sent back to us in a single communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible; please ensure your
first communication is accurate, clear and complete.
.
Copyright
Submission of an article implies that the article is
original, is not being considered for publication elsewhere, all authors have approved the submission, agree with its content, and any
person cited as a source of personal communications has approved such citation. Materials accepted for publication reflect the opinion(s)
of the author(s), but not necessarily the opinions of the Editors, the Editorial Board, or the Publisher.
Upon acceptance of an article,
Authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/authors .) to
ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. The corresponding author will be notified and a copyright transfer form provided.
Authors? Rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) may do the following:
make copies (print
or electronic) of the article for your own personal use, including for your own classroom teaching use
make copies and distribute
such copies (including through e-mail) of the article to research colleagues, for the personal use by such colleagues (but not commercially
or systematically, e.g., via an e-mail list or list server)
post a pre-print version of the article on Internet websites including
electronic pre-print servers, and to retain indefinitely such version on such servers or sites
post a revised personal version
of the final text of the article (to reflect changes made in the peer review and editing process) on your personal or institutional website
or server, with a link to the journal homepage (on elsevier.com)
present the article at a meeting or conference and to distribute
copies of the article to the delegates attending such a meeting
for your employer, if the article is a `work for hire?, made
within the scope of your employment, your employer may use all or part of the information in the article for other intra-company use
(e.g., training)
retain patent and trademark rights and rights to any processes or procedure described in the article
include the article in full or in part in a thesis or dissertation (provided that this is not to be published commercially)
use the article or any part thereof in a printed compilation of your works, such as collected writings or lecture notes (subsequent
to publication of your article in the journal)
prepare other derivative works, to extend the article into book-length form,
or to otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, with full acknowledgement of its original publication in the journal
NIH "Public Access" Policy
US National Institutes of Health (NIH) voluntary posting ("Public Access") policy. Elsevier
facilitates author response to the NIH voluntary posting request (referred to as the NIH "Public Access Policy"; see: http://publicaccess.nih.gov/
) by posting the peer-reviewed author?s manuscript directly to PubMed Central on request from the author, 12 months after formal publication.
Upon notification from Elsevier of acceptance, we will ask you to confirm via e-mail (NIHauthorrequest@elsevier.com )
that your work has received NIH funding and that you intend to respond to the NIH policy request, along with your NIH award number to
facilitate processing. Upon such confirmation, Elsevier will submit to PubMed Central on your behalf a version of your manuscript that
will include peer-review comments, for posting 12 months after formal publication. This will ensure that you will have responded fully
to the NIH request policy. Posting your manuscript directly with PubMed Central is prohibited.
Offprints
An electronic
offprint will be supplied free of charge.
Additional paper offprints in multiples of 50 (maximum of 400) can be ordered on
an offprint order form (included with the proofs).
UNESCO coupons are acceptable for payment of extra paper offprints.
Author services
Enquiries concerning manuscripts and proofs: questions arising after acceptance of the manuscript,
especially those relating to proofs, should be directed to Lorraine Bernazzani, Journal Manager, phone: 845-883-5681, fax: 845-883-5682,
e-mail: L.Bernazzani@Elsevier.com.
Authors can also track the progress of their accepted article and set up e-mail
alerts informing them of changes to their manuscript?s status, by using the "Track a Paper" feature of Elsevier?s Authors? Home: (http://www.elsevier.com/authors
).
