Rapid publication is a priority; hence, authors are requested to pay close attention to the following instructions for the submission of manuscripts to the journal Psychiatry Research.

Submission of manuscripts
Psychiatry Research proceeds totally online via an electronic submission system. In case you do not have an Internet connection, please contact the Managing Editor for alternative instructions. By accessing the online submission at http://ees.elsevier.com/psy/ you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. Authors will be requested to direct the manuscripts to the most appropriate Section/Category of research to assist in editor assignment.

Once the uploading is done, the system automatically generates an electronic (PDF) proof, which is then used for reviewing. All correspondence, including the Editor's decision and request for revisions, will be processed through the system and will reach the corresponding author by e-mail.

Once a manuscript has successfully been submitted via the online submission system, authors may track the status of their manuscript using the online submission system (details will be provided by e-mail). If your manuscript is accepted by the journal, subsequent tracking facilities are available on Elsevier's Author Gateway, using the unique reference number provided by Elsevier and corresponding author name (details will be provided by e-mail).

Authors may send queries concerning the submission process or journal procedures to the Managing Editor of Psychiatry Research:

Sherry Buchsbaum, Department of Psychiatry, Box 1505, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-654, USA. E-mail: sherry.buchsbaum@mssm.edu

For further details on how to submit online, please refer to the online EES Tutorial for authors or contact Elsevier's Author Support Team at authorsupport@elsevier.com.

Editorial Policy
Submitted manuscripts will be reviewed anonymously by at least two referees. Should a revised manuscript be required by the editors, the authors are requested to resubmit their revised manuscript to the journal within 6 months time. Studies on humans submitted to the journal must comply with the principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki (Br Med J 1964; 2: 177-178). The editors retain the right to reject papers on the grounds that, in their opinion, the ethical justification is questionable. Manuscripts may be edited to improve clarity and expression.

Manuscripts that are not published and that are not resubmitted in revised form will be destroyed within 1 year of the date of submission.

Language
Manuscripts should be typed in English.

Preparation of manuscripts

Title page
The title page should be included in the main body of the text, along with the abstract and keywords.

Title of paper (only the first letter of the first word of the title should be capitalized), and authors'full names (do not use initials and academic degrees) and complete mailing addresses, including zip codes (USA) or country codes should be provided for the corresponding author (more simplified addresses may be provided for co-authors but should at least provide department, institution, city, state and country). An asterisk should be placed after the name of the author to whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Superscript letters (a, b, c, etc.) should be used to indicate the departmental and institutional affiliation of each author. If all authors are in the same department at the same institution, superscript letters are not required. The corresponding author's fax, telephone, and e-mail numbers should be supplied.

The Abstract should be 150-200 words for full-length articles and 50 words for brief reports, summarizing the reason for the study, the methods used, the results and the major conclusions. Do not include a summary at the end of the paper.

The abstract should be followed by up to seven key words should be listed which accord with the indexing conventions of Index Medicus. Note that the keywords should not duplicate words used in the title of the article, which will be automatically indexed.

Text
Although exceptions will be considered, manuscripts should not exceed 5000 words, and shorter manuscripts (e.g., 3000 words) are preferred. Each article should contain the following major headings: Introduction (preceded by arabic number 1.), Methods (preceded by number 2.), Results (preceded by number 3.), Discussion (preceded by number 4.), Acknowledgment (optional section following the discussion, which should not be preceded by a numeral), and References (should not be preceded by a numeral).

Subheadings should follow the numbering system used in the major heading; for example, the subheading "Subjects" within the Methods section should be flush left on a separate line and designated 2.1., the subheading "Procedures" should be designated 2.2., etc.

Lower level headings, if required, should also be numbered (e.g., "2.1.1. Patients." as a lower order heading under "2.1. Subjects."). Only the first letter of the first word of each heading should be capitalized.

The use of abbreviations within the text should be minimized, and each abbreviation, when introduced, must be defined and used onsistently thereafter. Systeme International measurements should be used. For products or instruments (do not abbreviate) used in the research reported, provide the name, city and country of the supplier in parentheses. All tables and figures must be referred to in the text.

Brief reports
Brief Reports should not exceed 1500 words, including 50-word abstract, 3 keywords, text, and references plus 1 talbe or 1 figure.

Case reports
Case reports will only be considered as letters to the editor (maximum of 500 words and no references)

Introduction
The introduction should be brief and explain the purpose of the study; an extensive review of the literature should be avoided, but directly relevant articles by other investigators, as well as by the authors themselves, must be cited. If the paper includes subjects who have been included in previous reports, references should be provided and the number of subjects whose data have been included elsewhere should be specified.

Methods
The Methods should contain sufficient detail to enable others to repeat the procedures without studying the references directly.

Results
The Results should summarize the most important data and statistical correlations should be included. Tabular data should not be duplicated, important points and trends should be pointed out. The final sentence should emphasize the importance attached to the observations.

Discussion
The discussion should relate directly to the study being reported and give perspective to the adequacy of the materials and methods for the purpose of the study. Results should be interpreted to lend meaning to the observations. Any discrepancies with previously published results should be explained. The paper should conclude with a brief statement regarding the significance of the study.

Acknowledgement
The Acknowledgement section is an optional section and should also be used for grant-support information.

Statistical reporting
Study group variability should be reported as the standard deviation, not the standard error. In addition to the probability value, be sure to specify full details of the statistical analysis performed (e.g., name of statistical test used, test value, one-tailed or two-tailed test used, degrees of freedom or number of subjects, and probability level). Authors should also explicitly state what hypothesis is being tested. Probability values should be presented as uppercased, italicized P; r, t, F, df, and n should also be italicized. Leading zeroes should be used throughout.

References
Literature citations. References in the text to literature cited should be given by the name of the author(s), followed by the year of publication in parentheses, e.g.: Smith and Smith (1994) or (Allen et al., 1952; Smith, 1966a, 1966b; Jones and Jones, 1993). For three or more authors, the name of the first author followed by et al. should be used. References listed within parentheses should be in chronological order. Articles published by the same author(s) in the same year should be designated "a," "b," etc. (note that the a/b designation corresponds to the order in which each article appears in the reference list, not to the order of first citation within the manuscript). All references cited in the text must be included in the reference list. Check carefully to insure that the spelling of names in the text matches that in the reference list and that the date in the text matches the date in the reference list.

Reference list: References should be arranged in alphabetical order by first author and should not be numbered. For single-authored articles, if more than one article by the same author is included, list each reference in chronological order. If both articles were published in the same year, alphabetize by the first major word of the article title and designate the first listed article as "a," the second as "b," etc. For multi-authored articles, list in alphabetical order by (1) last name of first author, (2) last name of second author, etc. If the names of all authors are identical, list in chronological order. If both authors' names and year of publication are the same, alphabetize by the first major word of the article title.

Provide the last names and first initials of all authors (do not use et al. in the reference list). Journal titles should not be abbreviated; provide the journal's full name. Do not italicize journal or book titles. Be sure that all references are complete: Journal articles should include authors, year of publication, article title, full journal name, volume number, and beginning and concluding page numbers. Book chapters should include authors, year of publication, chapter title, name(s) of volume editor(s), volume title, volume number (if any), name of publisher, city of publication, and page numbers. Books should include author(s) or editor(s), year of publication, book title, publisher, and city of publication. Include only references that have been cited in the text.

Examples of typical types of references follow. In addition to the particular reference styles, the examples illustrate the order in which references should be listed and give examples of "a" and "b" designations.

Bernstein, T.M., 1985. The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage. Atheneum, New York.

Buchsbaum, M.S., 1990. Frontal lobes, basal ganglia, temporal lobes--three sites for schizophrenia? Schizophrenia Bulletin 16, 377-378.

Buchsbaum, M.S., Holcomb, H.H., DeLisi, L.E., Hazlett, E., 1986. Brain imaging in affective disorders. In:Rush, A.J., Altshuler, K.Z. (Eds.), Depression: Basic Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment. The Guilford Press, New York, pp. 126-142.

Issa, F., Gerhardt, G.A., Bartko, J.J., Suddath, R.L., Lynch, M. Gamache, P.H., Freedman, R., Wyatt, R.J., Kirch, D.G., 1994a. A multidimensional approach to analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amines in schizophrenia: I. Comparisons with healthy control subjects and neuroleptic-treated/unmedicated pairs analyses. Psychiatry Research 52, 237-249.

Issa, F., Kirch, D.G., Gerhardt, G.A., Bartko, J.J., Suddath, R.L., Freedman, R., Wyatt, R.J., 1994b. A multidimensional approach to analysis of cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amines in schizophrenia: II. Correlations with psychopathology. Psychiatry Research 52, 251-258.

Strunk, W., White, E.B., 1979. The Elements of Style, 3rd ed. MacMillan, New York.

The correctness of the reference list is the entire responsibility of the author! Please check it carefully and remember to recheck when your article has been revised. Unpublished results should not be included in the reference list but, rather, should be quoted in the text (Smith and co-workers, unpublished results).

Tables and Figures

Tables: Tables should be typed with double spacing and should be uploaded separately, numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals, and should contain horizontal lines only. A short descriptive heading should be provided above with any footnotes and/or explanations below.

Figures: Figures and Photographs of good quality should be submitted online as a separate file. Please use a lettering that remains clearly readable even after reduction to about 66% (lettering should be no smaller than 2 mm after reduction). In preparing figures, bear in mind the dimensions of the page and columns (typesetting area 15.8 x 20.8 cm and 7.4 x 20.8 cm, respectively). For every figure or photograph, a legend should be provided.

All authors wishing to use illustrations already published must first obtain the permission of the author and publisher and/or copyright holders and give precise reference to the original work. This permission must include the right to publish in electronic media.

Footnotes: These should be avoided; when essential, these should be numbered consecutively and typed at the foot of the appropriate page.

For further information regarding artwork, visit the website: http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork/psychres

Supplementary material (when applicable).

Elsevier now also accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files will be published online with the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com.

NOTE: Your published article will be assigned a digital object identifier (DOI) which is used to cite and link to the electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The DOI will never change. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly Articles in Press because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The DOI can also be used to create an URL hyperlink to supplementary material associated to an article.

When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.

Readers will complete the following steps to view the supplementary material for your paper:

1. Open the following DOI site with a browser: http://dx.doi.org
2. Enter the entire DOI citation in the text box provided, and then click Go.


The article or supplementary material that matches the DOI citation appears in the browser window.

The DOI scheme is administered by the International DOI Foundation. Many of the world's leading learned publishers have come together to build a DOI-based article linking scheme known as CrossRef.

The article in the journal must be complete and fully comprehensible without reference to the Supplementary Material. The purpose of Supplementary Material is to provide additional and usually more detailed information for readers who are particularly interested in the study. Supplementary Material is not an integral part of a published paper; the suitability of the Supplementary Material is assessed by the editor but it is not subject to the peer review procedure as applied to articles in the journal. Supplementary Material may either accompany the first version of a manuscript submitted to the journal or in response to a request from an editor.

Scope of Supplementary material . Several types of material may be included in Supplementary Material. These may include more detailed tables of demographic data and of results and statistical analyses. In other cases, Supplementary Material provides an opportunity for authors to publish questionnaires used for data collection that are too long for inclusion in the journal article. Additional and more detailed figures and photographs, including colour pictures, can be reproduced in this way.

There is also a possibility of supplying audio and video files as Supplementary Material; in such cases, authors are advised to seek the advice of the Editor before preparing the material.

Format for submission . Supplementary Material should begin with a statement of the Title and Authors of an article exactly as they appear in the main manuscript, followed by the statement "This material supplements but does not replace the content of the peer-reviewed paper published in Psychiatry Research". Authors should ensure that the journal article contains at least one footnote referring to the Supplementary Material.

The text of the Supplementary Material should to the extent possible be styled according to the usual format of the journal. However, when the intention is to display materials in an existing format (e.g. a questionnaire or psychological test materials), they may be reproduced without change.

Word-processor or rtf files for widely-used computer systems are acceptable. Word-processor files may include graphics. Separate graphic items may also be submitted in standard file formats such as metafiles, bitmaps, jpg or gif. Scanned images are acceptable but image sizes, colour depth and resolution should be adjusted to the minimum necessary to convey the required information at high quality. Files should not be submitted in proprietary formats that cannot be read without special software. At this time only media that can be read by Windows systems can be accepted.

Supplementary Material relating to a particular article may be submitted as more than one file.

Colourful e-Products
Figures that appear in black & white in print can appear in colour, online, in ScienceDirect at http://www.sciencedirect.com. There is no extra charge for authors who participate.

For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the Web only. Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print), please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork/psychres

Copyright Transfer
Upon acceptance of an article, you will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://authors.elsevier.com/journal/psychres. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included in the submission, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone (+1) 215 238 7869, fax (+1) 215 238 2239, e-mail: healthpermissions@elsevier.com.

Requests for materials from other Elsevier publications may also be completed on-line via the Elsevier homepage http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions

Proofs
Proofs will be sent to the corresponding author to be checked for typesetting error. No changes or additions to the accepted manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Corrected proofs should be returned to the publisher within 48 hours of receipt. Page charges will not be made.

Reprints
Twenty-five reprints per contribution will be supplied free of charge. Additional reprints may be ordered using the reprint order form sent to the author.