Guide for Authors
Page charges
This journal has no page charges.
Ethics in publishing
For information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication
see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including
any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work
that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been
published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration
for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where
the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language,
including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the
originality detection software iThenticate. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/editors/plagdetect.
Authorship
All
authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition
of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content,
(3) final approval of the version to be submitted.
Changes to authorship
This policy concerns
the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts:
Before the accepted manuscript
is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal
Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed,
or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition,
removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must
follow the procedure as described above. Note that: (1) Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2)
publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.
After the accepted manuscript
is published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue
will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.
Copyright
Upon
acceptance, the authors wil be asked to transfer the copyright of the article to The Combuation Institute.
Retained
author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the funding source
You are requested
to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe
the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report;
and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.
Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier
has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply
with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements
and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Language and language services
Please
write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information
about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit
http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageservices or our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com for more information.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor
used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed
and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words.
However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one
grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic
text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).
Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also
the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check'
functions of your wordprocessor.
LaTeX
Authors preparing manuscripts in LaTeX format
must strictly adhere to the Elstart template (for numbered references) provided at: http://www.elsevier.com/latex. Please do not insert
additional macros or graphics into the LaTeX file. All graphics should be saved individually in separate files. For references, use the
following:
LaTex template. This file is the
tailor-made biographic style, to be used in combination with BibTeX.
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections
should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also
for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear
on its own separate line.
Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate
background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae
where possible.
•
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name),
please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all
affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide
the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also
post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address
and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.
•
Present/permanent
address.
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address'
(or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work
must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Indicate
the type of article (full-length, Brief Communication, etc.). If the title is long, a shortened running title having no more than 45
characters and spaces should be provided.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is
required with full-length articles. It should consist of one paragraph of 100-300 words. The abstract should state briefly the purpose
of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must
be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard
or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding
general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly
established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Keywords
should not be submitted for Brief Communications.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations of chemical
compounds or all acronyms should be written in full at their first mention with the abbreviation in parentheses.
References that correspond
to "for example" should include a comma after e.g.: (e.g., [25-28])
Acknowledgements
Collate
acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title
page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language
help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Nomenclature and Units
Nomenclature
and Units: If symbols are used extensively, a nomenclature list arranged alphabetically, with subscript and superscript symbols listed
separately, should be provided. Otherwise all symbols should be identified when first used in the text. Authors are expected to use the
SI system of units.
Math Formulae
Present simple formulae in the line of normal text
where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are
to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Use fraction exponents instead of root signs. Number
consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).): Numbers identifying
such equations should be enclosed in parentheses and should be numbered consecutively beginning with "1" in the text. Refer to equations
in the text as "Eq. (1)," etc., or "Equation (1)," etc., at the beginning of a sentence.
Footnotes
Footnotes
should be used only when absolutely essential. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many
wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes
in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your
original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as 'graphics' or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in
your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
•
Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images
near to the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic
artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this
site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when
your electronic artwork is finalised, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements
for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text
as 'graphics'.
TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings:
use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
If
your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is'.
Please
do not:
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
•
Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Refer to figures in the text as "Fig. 1," etc., or "Figure 1," etc., at the beginning of a sentence. The preferred formats
for figures are TIFF or EPS files.
All figures will be reduced to single-column width (approx. 88 mm), unless authorized by the editor
to be larger. Lettering and data points should be large enough to be legible after the figure has been reduced to a width of 88 mm. Figures
not meeting these requirements will be returned to the author(s) for revision, which may delay the publication of the article.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files)
and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure,
at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether
or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version.
For color reproduction in print, you will receive information
regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or
on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to 'gray scale' (for the printed version
should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the
figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (
not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in
the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Text graphics
Text
graphics may be embedded in the text at the appropriate position. If you are working with LaTeX and have such features embedded in the
text, these can be left. Further, high-resolution graphics files must be provided separately whether or not the graphics are embedded.
See further under Electronic artwork.
Tables
Number tables consecutively in accordance with
their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid
vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere
in the article.
Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is
also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results
and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included
in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication
date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been
accepted for publication.
Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and
the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication,
etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired,
or can be included in the reference list.
Reference management software
This journal has
standard templates available in key reference management packages EndNote (
http://www.endnote.com/support/enstyles.asp)
and Reference Manager (
http://refman.com/support/rmstyles.asp). Using plug-ins to wordprocessing packages, authors only
need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article and the list of references and citations to these will be
formatted according to the journal style which is described below.
Reference Style
References.
References should be indicated in the text by full-size numbers in brackets, e.g., [1], and should be numbered in the order cited. The
actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given. When citing a
Combustion and Flame article
that is "in press," follow the citation instructions given on the article itself (e.g., "Please cite this article in press as: A.E.D.M.
van der Heijden, A.B. Leeuwenburgh, Combust. Flame (2009), doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.03.007"). The numbered reference list at the
end of the article should conform to the following style:
Journal article:
[1] J.C. Rolon, F. Aguerre, S. Candel,
Combust. Flame 100 (1995) 422-429.
For in press articles please cite using the following convention: C Di Blasi, Prog. Energy Combust.
Sci. 35 (2009). If possible, you should also cite the relevant DOI (Digital Object Identifier).
Book:
[2] P.
Prasad, Propagation of a Curved Shock and Nonlinear Ray Theory, Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, U.K., 1993. You may also
include the page or page range (optional).
Edited Book:
[3] R.A. Yetter, F.L. Dryer, D.M Golden, in: M.Y. Hussaini,
A. Kumar, F.G. Voigt (Eds.), Major Research Topics in Combustion, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992, p. 309-315.
Symposium
Proceedings:
All symposium papers associated with the International Symposium on Combustion should be cited in the following
way:
[4] R.S. Cant, S.B. Pope, K.N.C. Bray, Proc. Combust. Inst. 23 (1990) 809-815.
Conference Proceedings:
A conference proceedings should be styled as a book, with publisher or institution sponsoring publication and the year published as well
as the year the conference was held.
Internal Reports:
A.S. Johnson, F.W. Adams, Use of Laser Diagnostics in Supersonic
Flows, Report No. SAND87-8003, Sandia National Laboratories, 1987. Authors must ensure that these references are publicly available.
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of title word abbreviations:
http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service):
http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Video data
Elsevier
accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files
that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include these within the body of the article. This can be done
in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed.
All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your
video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the files in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum
size of 50 MB. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web
products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose
any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the
link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and
the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Supplementary data
Elsevier
accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional
possibilities to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files
supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide the data
in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply
a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Submission checklist
The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending
it to the journal for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following
items are present:
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded, and contain:
•
Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
•
Manuscript has been 'spell-checked' and 'grammar-checked'
• References are in the correct format for this journal
•
All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use
of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color
reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print, or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white
in print
• If only color on the Web is required, black-and-white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please visit our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com.
Submission of Papers
Submission of Papers.
Manuscripts are to be submitted via the online submission site accessed via
http://ees.elsevier.com/cnf. Effective July
1, 2009 all manuscripts originating in the Americas, Middle East, and all of Asia (except China) should be sent to Professor Fokion N.
Egolfopoulos, those originating elsewhere (Europe, Australia and Oceania, Africa, and China) should be sent to Dr. Philippe Dagaut.
Manuscripts are to be uploaded using a self-prepared pdf file which will be used for the reviewing process. The pdf file should include
all text, figures, and tables. If a manuscript is accepted, it will be necessary to send the original source files. Authors, Reviewers
and Editors send and receive all correspondence by email and no paper correspondence is necessary. If the manuscript cites any article
that is "in press" or is "submitted for publication", then that cited article should be sent as an additional pdf file (as 'additional
material').
Please note: If you upload any additional files, please include at the beginning of each file a title page which
gives a short description of the content. This facilitates distinguishing between your manuscript and the additional material.
Length.
There is no restriction on the length of full-length articles; however, succinct writing is encouraged and undue length may be a cause
for rejection. A Brief Communication, Comment, or Reply should not exceed 1500 words, including tables and figures, each equivalent to
200 words.
Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character
string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore,
it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic
information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal
Physics Letters
B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, the DOIs are
guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by
e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided
in the e-mail so that authors can download the files themselves. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated;
for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from
http://get.adobe.com/reader. Instructions
on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/tech-specs.html.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may
list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return them to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting
line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query
Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking
the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted
for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article
published quickly and accurately – please let us have all your corrections within 48 hours. It is important to ensure that all
corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections
cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article
if no response is received.
Offprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided
with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent
once the article is accepted for publication. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet
with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
For
inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission) please visit this journal's homepage. Contact details
for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher. You can
track accepted articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle. You can also check our Author FAQs (
http://www.elsevier.com/authorFAQ)
and/or contact Customer Support via
http://support.elsevier.com.
