Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 7054 Haycock Road Falls
Church, VA 22043 USA
Submission of a paper will be held to imply that it contains original
unpublished work and is not being submitted
for publication elsewhere. The Editor does not accept
responsibility for damage or loss of papers submitted. Upon acceptance of an article,
author(s) will
be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the publisher. This transfer will ensure the widest
possible dissemination
of information.
(3) Submission of accepted papers as electronic
manuscripts, i.e., on disk with accompanying manuscript, is encouraged.
Electronic manuscripts have
the advantage that there is no need for rekeying of text, thereby avoiding the possibility of introducing
errors and resulting in reliable and fast delivery of proofs. Do not submit
your original paper as electronic manuscript but hold on
to disk until asked for this by the Editor (in
case your paper is accepted without revisions). Do submit the accepted version of your
paper as
electronic manuscript. Make absolutely sure that the file on the disk and the printout are identical.
Please use a new
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Do not convert the
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'0' are
used properly, and format your article (tabs, indents, etc.) consistently. Characters not available on
your word processor (Greek
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by a unique code (e.g. gralpha, alpha, etc., for the Greek
letter α). Such codes should be used
consistently throughout the entire text; a list of codes used should accompany the electronic
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layout. Please adhere strictly to the
general instructions below on style, arrangement and, in particular,
the reference style of the journal.
(4) Manuscripts should be
double spaced, with wide margins,
and printed on one side of the paper only. All pages should be numbered consequently. Titles and
subtitles
should be short. References, tables, and legends for the figures should be printed on separate
pages.
(5) The first page of the manuscript
should contain the following information: (i) the title;
(ii) the name(s) and institutional affiliation(s) of the author(s); (iii) an
abstract of not more than 100
words. A footnote on the same sheet should give the name, address, and telephone and fax numbers
of the
corresponding author [as well as an e-mail address].
(6) The first page of the manuscript
should also contain at least one classification
code according to the Classification System for Journal
Articles as used by the Journal of Economic Literature; in addition, up to five
key words should be
supplied.
(7) Acknowledgements and information on grants received can be given in a first
footnote, which should
not be included in the consecutive numbering of footnotes.
(8) Footnotes
should be kept to a minimum and numbered consecutively throughout
the text with superscript Arabic
numerals.
(9) Displayed formulae should be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript
as (1),
(2), etc. against the right-hand margin of the page.
a. Formulas should be
typewritten, if possible.
b. Leave
ample space around the formulae.
c. Subscripts and superscripts should be set off clearly.
d. Greek letters
and other non-Latin or handwritten symbols should be explained in the margin where they are first
used. Take special care to clearly
show the difference between zero (0) and the letter o, and between
one (1) and the letter l. e. Give the meaning of all symbols
immediately after the equation
in which they are first used. For simple factions use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line.
f. The use of fractional powers instead of root signs is recommended. Also powers of e
are often more conveniently denoted
by exp.
g. Equations should be numbered
serially on the right-hand side and in parentheses. Only equations explicitly referred
to in the text
need in general be numbered.
h. In cases where the derivation of formulae has been
abbreviated, it is of
great help to the referees if the full derivation can be presented on a separate sheet
(not to be published).
(10) References to publications
should be as follows: `Smith (1992)
reported that...' of 'This problem has been studied previously (e.g., Smith et al., 1969)'. The author
should make sure that there is a strict one-to-one correspondence between the names and years in the
text and those on the list. The
list of references should appear at the end of the main text (after any
appendices, but before tables and legends for figures). It should
be double spaced and listed in
alphabetical order by author's name. References should appear as follows:
a. For
periodicals
Badawy, M.K., 1988. Managing human resources. Research Management, 31
(5): 19-35.
b. For non-edited proceedings of conferences,
symposia, etc.
Gaynor,
G.H., 1987. The engineering managerial ladder - a corporate perspective. IEEE Midcon Conference
Record,
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York.
c. For edited
proceedings of conferences, symposia, etc.
Brown, A.L. and Daneke, G.A., 1988.
Adaptive technology management in Japan. In: L.R. Gomez-Mejia and M.W. Lawless (Eds.),
Proceedings
of Managing the High Technology Firm. The Graduate School of Business, University
of Colorado, Boulder.
d. For books
Black,
H.S., Hart, R.C. and Peterson, O.M.,
1988. Laboratory Management: Principles and Practice. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 242
pp.
e. For edited books
Ansoff, H.I. and Stewart, J.M., 1981. Strategies for a
technology-based business.
In: R.R. Rothberg
(Ed.), Corporate Strategy and Product Innovation,
The Free Press, New York, 529 pp.
Do not abbreviate the titles of periodicals mentioned
in the
list of references; alternatively use the International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations. In
case of publications in
any other language than English, the original title is to be retained. However,
the titles of publications in non-latin alphabets should
be transliterated, and a notation such as ``(in
Russian)'' or ``(in Greek, with English abstract)'' should be added. In referring to
a personal
communication, the year should also be given, e.g., ``Roberts, E.B., 1987. Personal
communication.The cross-references cannot
be finally inserted until the page proof is available. Type
then: ``see page 000''. In the margin pencil the page number of the cross-reference
in the
manuscript.
(11) Submit colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality computer prints or transparencies, close
to the size expected in publication, or as 35 mm slides. Polaroid colour prints are not suitable. If, together with your accepted article,
you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the
web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version.
For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article.
For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version
should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.
(12) Authors should take
notice of the limitations set by the size and layout of the Journal. A table should not exceed the
printed
area of the page. If this seems impossible, reversing columns and rows will often make ``the
impossible possible''. a. Large
tables should be avoided. Folds-outs can only be accepted
in exceptional cases. If many data are to be presented, an attempt should be
made to divide these over
two or more tables. Drawn tables, from which blocks need to be made, should not be folded.
b.
Each table should have a brief and self-explanatory title.
c. Column
headings should be brief, but sufficiently explanatory.
Units of measurements should be added
between parentheses. Vertical lines should not be used to separate columns. Leave some extra space
between columns instead.
d. Explanations, essential to the understanding of the table,
should be given in footnote s at
the bottom of the table.
e. Tables should be
numbered consecutively in the text in Arabic numerals and printed on separate
sheets.
Any
manuscript which does not conform to the above instructions may be returned for the necessary
revision before publication.
(13)
Page proofs will be sent to the corresponding author. Proofs
should be corrected carefully; the responsibility for detecting errors lies
with the author. Corrections
should be restricted to instances in which the proof is at variance with the manuscript. Extensive
alterations
will be charged.Twenty-five reprints of each paper are supplied free of charge to the
corresponding author; additional reprints are available
at cost if they are ordered when the proof is
returned.
