Types of contribution
1. Original Research Papers
(Regular Papers)
2. Review Articles
3. Short
Communications
4.
Letters to the Editor
Original Research Papers should report the
results of original research. The material should not
have been
previously published elsewhere, except in a preliminary
form.
Review Articles can be divided into three
types: – Regular reviews covering subjects
falling within the scope of the journal which are of active current
interest. These should
generally not exceed 12 printed pages
(approx. 6000 words). – Mini-reviews. These will
be short reviews or overviews
(not exceeding 2–3 printed
pages, approx. 1000–1500 words) on topics ofabove-average emerging interest. –
Commentaries. This label will be given to mini-reviews
which clearly contain the personal opinions of the author
concerned. All
types of review articles will be solicited by the
Reviews Editor, Prof. M.N. Moore, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe,
Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK. E-mail: mnm@pml.ac.uk.
Short Communications will
be restricted to papers describing short, complete
studies. They
should not exceed 3 printed pages, including figures and tables
(approx. 1500 words), and should be written in a continuous
style,without subdivisions of introduction, materials and
methods, results, discussion and acknowledgements; they should
always
begin with a summary. A short communication, although brief,
should be a complete and final publication, and figures and tables
from
the communication should not occur in a later
paper.
Letters to the Editor should either offer comment
on a paper published
in the journal, or comment on any general
matter providing that this is relevant to the scope of the journal.
In the case of letters
commenting on published papers, the
author(s) of the latter will be given the opportunity to react to
the letter and the two items will
subsequently be published
together in the journal.
Submission of manuscripts Submission of an article is understood to
imply
that the article is original and unpublished and is not being
considered for publication elsewhere. Submission also implies that
all authors have approved the paper for release and are in agreement with its content.
Manuscripts should be submitted online by
using the Elsevier Editorial System at http://ees.elsevier.com/aqtox
Authors will be guided step-by-step through uploading files directly from their computers. Electronic PDF proof will be automatically
generated from uploaded files, and used for subsequent reviewing. Authors submitting hard copy papers will be asked to resubmit using
Elsevier Editorial System.
Preparation of manuscripts 1. Manuscripts should be written in English. Authors who are unsure
of correct English usage should have their manuscript checked by someone proficient in the language. Manuscripts in which the English
is difficult to understand may be returned to the author for revision before scientific review. Language polishing: Authors who require
information about language editing and copy editing services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/languagepolishing
or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products,
goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/termsconditions.cws_home/termsconditions
2. Manuscripts should have
wide margins and double spacing throughout, i.e. also for abstracts, footnotes and references. Every page of the manuscript, including
the title page, references, tables, etc. should be numbered in the upper right-hand corner. However, in the text no reference should
be made to page numbers; if necessary, one may refer to sections. Underline words that should be in italics,and do not underline any
other words. Avoid excessive usage of italics to emphasize part of the text.
Word processor documents: It is important
that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of
the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use
the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc.
Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the word processor's facility. When preparing tables,
if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs,
not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (visit:
http://www.elsevier.com/authors). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate
locations directly in the electronic text. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations.
LaTeX documents:
The article should preferably be written using Elsevier's document class "elsart", or alternatively the standard document class "article".
The Elsevier LaTeX package (including detailed instructions for LaTeX preparation) can be obtained from http://www.elsevier.com/latex.
It consists of the files: elsart.cls, guidelines for users of elsart, a template file for quick start, and the instruction booklet "Preparing
articles with LaTeX".
Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal
points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
3. Manuscripts in general should be organized in the following
order: Title (should be clear, descriptive and concise) Name(s) of author(s) Complete postal address(es) of affiliations.
Present address(es) of author(s) if applicable Full telephone, fax numbers and E-mail addresses of the corresponding author Abstract Keywords
(normally 3–6 items). Please refer to the cumulative index Introduction Material studied, area descriptions, methods, techniques Results
Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements and any additional information concerning research grants, etc. References Tables Figure
captions 4. In typing the manuscript,titles and subtitles should not be run within the text. They should be typed on a separate line,
without indentation. Use lower-case lettertype. 5. SI units should be used. 6. If a special instruction to the copy editor or typesetter
is written on the copy it should be encircled. The typesetter will then know that the enclosed matter is not to be set in type. When
a typewritten character may have more than one meaning (e.g. the lower case letter l may be confused with the numeral 1), a note should
be inserted in a circle in the margin to make the meaning clear to the typesetter. If Greek letters or uncommon symbols are used in the
manuscript, they should be written very clearly, and if necessary a note such as "Greek lower-case chi" should be put in the margin and
encircled. 7. Elsevier reserves the privilege of returning to the author for revision accepted manuscripts and illustrations which
are not in the proper form given in this guide.
Abstracts The abstract should be clear,descriptive and not longer than
400 words. It should provide a very brief introduction to the problem and a statement about the methods used in the study. This should
generally be followed by a brief summary of results, including numerical data (means and standard errors, for example). The abstract
should end with an indication of the significance of the results.
References
1. All publications cited in the text should
be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that
the spelling of authors' names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list.
2. In the text refer to the author's
name (without initial) and year of publication, followed - if necessary - by a short reference to appropriate pages. Examples: "Since
Peterson (1993) has shown that...." "This is in agreement with results obtained later (Kramer, 1994, pp. 12-16)".
3. If reference
is made in the text to a publication written by more than two authors the name of the first author should be used followed by "et al.".
This indication, however, should never be used in the list of references. In this list names of first author and co-authors should be
mentioned.
4. References cited together in the text should be arranged chronologically. The list of references should be arranged
alphabetically on authors' names, and chronologically per author. If an author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors the
following order should be used: publications of the single author, arranged according to publication dates - publications of the same
author with one co-author - publications of the author with more than one co-author. Publications by the same author(s) in the same year
should be listed as 1994a, 1994b, etc.
5. Use the following system for arranging your references:
a. For periodicals
Van der Weiden, M.E.J., Bleumink, R., Seinen, W., van den Berg, M., 1994. Concurrence of P450 1A induction and toxic effects in
the mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio), after administration of a low dose of 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Aquat. Toxicol. 19, 147-162.
b. For edited symposia, special issues, etc. published in a periodical
Benzie, J.A.H., Ballment, E., Frusher, S., 1993.
Genetic structure of Penaeus monodon in Australia: concordant results from mtDNA and allozymes. In: Gall, G.A.E., Chen, H., (Eds.), Genetics
in Aquaculture IV. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium, 29 April-3 May 1991, Wuhan, China. Aquaculture 111, 89-93.
c. For books
Gaugh, Jr., H.G., 1992. Statistical Analysis of Regional Yield Trials. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
d. For
multi-author books
Stegeman, J.J., 1993. The cytochromes P450 in fish. In: Hochachka, P.W., Mommsen, T.P. (Eds.), Molecular
Biology Frontiers. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 137-158.
6. Abbreviate the titles of
periodicals mentioned in the list of references according to the International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations.
7. In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained.However, the titles of publications
in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as "(in Russian)" or "(in Greek, with English abstract)" should
be added.
8. Work accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred to as "in press".
9. References concerning
unpublished data and "personal communications" should not be cited in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text.
Use
of the Digital Object Identifier
The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The
DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic
publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly "Articles in press"
because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example
taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B): doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create
URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change. However, please check the DOI very carefully as an error
in a letter or number will result in a dead link.
Formulae
1. Formulae should be typewritten, if possible. Leave ample
space around the formulae.
2. Subscripts and superscripts should be clear.
3. Greek letters and other non-Latin or handwritten
symbols should be explained in the margin where they are first used. Take special care to show clearly the difference between zero (0)
and the letter O, and between one (1) and the letter l.
4. Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which
they are first used.
5. For simple fractions use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line.
6. Equations should be numbered
serially at the right-hand side in parentheses. In general only equations explicitly referred to in the text need be numbered.
7.
The use of fractional powers instead of root signs is recommended. Also powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
8.
Levels of statistical significance which can be mentioned without further explanation are *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and
***P<0.001.
9. In chemical formulae, valence of ions should be given as e.g. Ca2+ not as Ca++.
10. Isotope numbers should precede the symbols, e.g. 18O.
11. The repeated writing of chemical formulae in the text is
to be avoided where reasonably possible; instead, the name of the compound should be given in full. Exceptions may be made in the case
of a very long name occurring very frequently or in the case of a compound being described as the end product of a gravimetric determination
(e.g. phosphate as P2O5).
GenBank/DNA sequence linking
DNA sequences and GenBank Accession numbers
Many Elsevier journals cite "gene accession numbers" in their running text and footnotes. Gene accession numbers refer to genes or DNA
sequences about which further information can be found in the databases at the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI) at
the National Library of Medicine. Elsevier authors wishing to enable other scientists to use the accession numbers cited in their papers
via links to these sources, should type this information in the following manner:
For each and every accession number cited in an
article, authors should type the accession number in bold, underlined text. Letters in the accession number should always be capitalised.
(See Example 1 below). This combination of letters and format will enable Elsevier's typesetters to recognize the relevant texts as accession
numbers and add the required link to GenBank's sequences.
Example 1: "GenBank accession nos. AI631510, AI631511, AI632198, and BF223228),
a B-cell tumor from a chronic lymphatic leukemia (GenBank accession no. BE675048), and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no. AA361117)".
Authors are encouraged to check accession numbers used very carefully. An error in a letter or number can result in a dead link.
In the final version of the printed article, the accession number text will not appear bold or underlined (see Example 2 below).
Example 2: "GenBank accession nos. AI631510, AI631511, AI632198, and BF223228), a B-cell tumor from a chronic lymphatic leukemia
(GenBank accession no. BE675048), and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no. AA361117)".
In the final version of the electronic
copy, the accession number text will be linked to the appropriate source in the NCBI databases enabling readers to go directly to that
source from the article (see Example 3 below).
Example 3: "GenBank accession nos. AI631510, AI631511, AI632198, and BF223228), a
B-cell tumor from a chronic lymphatic leukemia (GenBank accession no. BE675048), and a T-cell lymphoma (GenBank accession no. AA361117)".
Preparation of electronic illustrations
General
1. Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your
original artwork.
2. Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
3. Only use the following fonts in your illustrations:
Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
4. Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
5. Use a logical
naming convention for your artwork files.
6. Provide all illustrations as separate files.
7. Provide captions to illustrations
separately.
8. Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available
on our website: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Some excerpts from the detailed information are given
here.
Formats: Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert
the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations
given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones):
always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone
(colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft
Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not:
1. embed graphics in your word processor (spreadsheet, presentation)
document;
2. supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
3. supply
files that are too low in resolution;
4. submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions:
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief
title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain
all symbols and abbreviations used.
Line drawings: The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate
dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction
factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the
page format of the journal when designing the illustrations. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs (halftones): Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite
figure (plate). Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in
the caption.
Colour illustrations: Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures, then Elsevier will
ensure, at no additional charge that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless
of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive
information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print
or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version
should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations. As
only one figure caption may be used for both colour and black and white versions of figures, please ensure that the figure captions are
meaningful for both versions, if applicable.
Tables: Tables should be numbered consecutively and given a suitable caption
and each table typed on a separate sheet. Footnotes to tables should be typed below the table and should be referred to by superscript
lowercase letters. No vertical rules should be used. Tables should not duplicate results presented elsewhere in the manuscript, (e.g.
in graphs).
Supplementary data
Preparation of supplementary data. Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material
to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting
applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied
will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com.
In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file
formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption
for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Footnotes 1. Footnotes should only be used if absolutely essential. In most cases it should be possible to incorporate the
information in normal text. 2. If used, they should be numbered in the text, indicated by superscript numbers, and kept as short as
possible.
Nomenclature 1. Authors and editors are, by general agreement, obliged to accept the rules governing biological
nomenclature, as laid down in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of
Bacteria, and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 2. All biota (crops, plants, insects, birds, mammals,
etc.) should be identified by their scientific names when the English term is first used, with the exception of common domestic animals. 3.
All biocides and other organic compounds must be identified by their Geneva names when first used in the text. Active ingredients of
all formulations should be likewise identified. 4. For chemical nomenclature, the conventions of the International Union of Pure
and Applied Chemistry and the official recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature
should be followed.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to sign a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'
(for more information on this and copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure
the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail (or letter) will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of
the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers
may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions.
Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including
compilations and translations (please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions).
If excerpts from other copyrighted
works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier
has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Funding
body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors who publish in Elsevier
journals to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about
existing agreements and policies please visit http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies
Proofs One set of proofs
will be sent to the corresponding author as given on the title page of the manuscript. Only typesetter's errors may be corrected; no
changes in, or additions to, the edited manuscript will be allowed.
Online publication
Your article will appear on Elsevier's
online journal database ScienceDirect as an "Article in Press" within approximately 4-6 weeks of acceptance. Articles in Press for this
journal can be viewed at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0166445X. An Article in Press may be cited prior to
its publication by means of its unique digital object identifier (DOI) number, which does not change throughout the publication process.
Reprints The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively,
25 free paper offprints (additional copies can be ordered at current printing prices). The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published
article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
Author's
Discount
Contributors to Elsevier journals are entitled to a 30% discount on most Elsevier books, if ordered directly from Elsevier.
Author Enquiries
For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available)
please visit this journal's homepage at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/aqtox. You can track accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle
and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright,
frequently asked questions and more.
Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating
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