Submission of Papers


Contributions are accepted on the understanding that authors have obtained the necessary authority for publication. Submission of an article is understood to imply that the article is original and unpublished and is not being considered for publication elsewhere. Upon acceptance of an article by the journal, the author(s) will be asked to transfer the copyright of the article to the publisher. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information.

Electronic Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online. Via http://ees.elsevier.com/cep you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail. The above represents a very brief outline of this form of submission. It can be advantageous to print this Guide for Authors section from the site for reference in the subsequent stages of article preparation. It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. [Please note: In case electronic submission is not possible, please contact one of the editors.]

Language
Papers will be published in English. Authors whose native language is not English should have the spelling, grammar, and style checked by a native English speaker.

Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/locate/languagepolishing or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions at http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions.

Authors in Japan may wish to note that, upon request, Elsevier Japan will provide authors with a list of people who can advise on the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact our Tokyo office: Elsevier Japan, 1-99-15, Higashi-Azabu, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan. Tel: (03) 5561 5032; Fax: (03) 5561 5045.

Manuscript Preparation
Electronic files of the manuscript should be submitted in double-spaced typing. Some flexibility of presentation is allowed, but authors are urged to arrange the subject matter clearly under such headings as Introduction, Experimental, Results, Discussion, etc.

Correspondence address. The name, complete postal address, telephone number, fax number and e-mail address of the corresponding author should be given on the first pages of the manuscript
Abstract. A brief summary (50-200 words) of the contents and conclusions of the paper and an indication of the relevance of new material should be included at the beginning of the paper.
References. These should be indicated by numerals in square brackets, introduced consecutively in the text and must be listed at the end of the paper in numerical order. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index, 1970 edition, and supplements. The abbreviated titles should be followed by the volume number, year (in parenthesis) and page numbers, as illustrated by these examples:
[1] A.W. Nienow, Agitated vessel particle-liquid mass transfer, a comparison between theories and data, Chem. Eng. J., 9(1975) 153-60.
[2] J.O. Hinze, Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2nd edn., 1975, pp. 223-225.
[3] J. Yerushaimi, M.J. Cluckman, S. Dobner, R.A. Gra and A.M. Squires, in D. L. Keairns (ed.), Fluidization Technology, Vol. 1, Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 1976, p.437.
Articles not yet published should be given as 'in press', 'submitted for publication', 'in preparation' or 'personal communication'.
Abbreviations of journal titles should conform to an international standard as adopted by the Chemical Abstracts Service in the Bibliographic Guide for Editors and Authors, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1974.
Equations. These should be numbered (1). (2) etc.
Nomenclature and Units: Nomenclature and abbreviations should conform to those most commonly used in the field concerned. All units should be SI. Where existing conventions or industrial practice indicate that other unit systems be used, the equivalent SI values must be given in parentheses. When these are omitted, manuscripts will be returned to authors to be rectified. All Greek letters and unusual technical symbols, when they first occur in the manuscript, should be explained in the margin.

A list of symbols must be supplied for each paper, including the meaning of any indices used. Where necessary, the definition of a physical quantity in terms of other quantities should also be given. In particular, this applies to dimensionless groups such as the Reynolds number for which the characteristic linear dimension temperature for the physical properties can be in doubt. When an adequate definition cannot be given in the Nomenclature, a reference to the text, where a definition can be found, should be given instead.

A minimum of four (4) suggested reviewers is also required. Suggested reviewers may not reside in the same country as the corresponding author and remain subject to the Editors' discretion in appointing manuscripts for review.

Illustrations
Photographs, charts and diagrams are all to be refereed to as Figure(s) and should be numbered consecutively in the order to which they are referred. Type all legends consecutively on a separate sheet. Please refer to http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions for detailed instructions on preparing your artwork for electronic submission.


Colour Figures
If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures, then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. [Please note: Because of technical complications that can arise in converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print), please submit in addition usable black-and-white files corresponding to all the colour illustrations.]

Copyright Transfer
All authors must sign the Transfer of Copyright agreement before the article can be published. This transfer agreement enables Elsevier Ltd to protect the copyrighted material for the authors, without the author relinquishing his/her proprietary rights. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microfilm or any other reproductions of a similar nature, and translations. It also includes the right to adapt the article for use in conjunction with computer systems and programs, including reproduction or publication in machine-readable form and incorporation in retrieval systems. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder permission to reproduce any material for which copyright already exists.

Proofs
PDF proofs will be sent to the authors (first named authors if no corresponding author is identified of multi-authored papers) and should be returned within 48 hours of receipt. Corrections should be restricted to typesetting errors; any other may be charged to the author. Any queries should be answered in full. Please note that authors are urged to check their proofs carefully before return, since the inclusion of late corrections cannot be guaranteed.

Offprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.

Page charges
There are no page charges.

Author Services
All questions arising after the acceptance of manuscripts, especially those relating to proofs, should be directed to authorsupport@elsevier.com. Authors can also keep a track of the progress of their accepted article through our OASIS system on the Internet. For information on an article go to OASIS and key in the first author's name and the Elsevier reference number. The Instructions to Authors can also be found on the World Wide Web.

Abstracting Services
Articles in this journal will be indexed and abstracted by Chemical Abstracts, Chemical Engineering Abstracts, Current Contents, Engineered Materials Abstracts, Engineering Information Inc., Engineering Societies Library, Fuel and Energy Abstracts, INSPEC, International Pharmaceutical Technology and Product Manufacture Abstracts, International Powder and Bulk Solids Abstracts, International Process Technology Abstracts, Material Business Alerts, Metals Abstracts, PASCAL M (C.D.S.T.), Science Abstracts, Verfahrenstechnische Berichte, and World Aluminium Abstracts.