General
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract
or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication
is approved by all Authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted,
it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.
Online submission to the journal prior to acceptance
Global and Planetary Change uses an online, electronic
submission system. By accessing the website http://ees.elsevier.com/gloplacha you will be guided stepwise through the creation
and uploading of the various files. When submitting a manuscript to Elsevier Editorial System, authors need to provide an electronic
version of their manuscript. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which
is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review
process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance.
The author should specify a category designation
for the manuscript (full length article, review article, short communication, etc.) Authors may send queries concerning the submission
process to the Author Support Department. Once the submission files are uploaded, the system automatically generates an electronic (PDF)
manuscript, which is then used for reviewing. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision,
takes place by e-mail and via the Author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
Please find a submission
checklist at the end of the Guide for Authors.
Please submit, with the manuscript, the names and email addresses of 4 potential referees.
Supplementary data such as lengthy tables, video clips, maps, images etc. may be archived with the accepted paper on ScienceDirect: all
such material must be submitted with the original manuscript for review.
Please be informed that:
1. Colour illustrations in
print will be charged to the author.
2. Colour illustrations on the web (ScienceDirect) are free of charge.
If you
want a colour illustration on the web and the same illustration in black and white in the print version of the journal, please note that
you will then have to submit two different illustration files, one colour and one black and white version. Please see detailed information
on illustrations further below in this guide.
It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript.
Articles must be written in good English, and authors whose native language is not English are encouraged to seek help at an early stage.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract
or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that all authors
have seen the manuscript and approve its publication, it is approved tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work
was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without
the written consent of the Publisher.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more
information on copyright see http://authors.elsevier.com). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of
information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of
copyright will be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from
the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact
ES Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.
Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
• General points
We accept most wordprocessing
formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Save
your files using the default extension of the program used. No changes to the accepted version are permissible without the explicit approval
of the Editor.
• Wordprocessor documents
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of
the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting
codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or
to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed 'graphically designed' equations or
tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid
for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text
should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Quickguide on http://authors.elsevier.com).
Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on
the manuscript. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised
to use the 'spellchecker' function of your wordprocessor.
Preparation of text
Presentation of manuscript
• GeneralPlease write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of
these). Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas);
use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
English language help service: Upon request, Elsevier will direct authors to
an agent who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact authorsupport@elsevier.com
for further information.
• Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given)
1.
Title
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae
where possible.
2. Author names and affiliations
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name),
please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all
affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide
the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
3.
Corresponding author
Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication,
also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address
and the complete postal address.
4. Present/permanent address
If an author has moved since the work described
in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to
that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript
Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
5. Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. In general,
the abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal methods and data used, the principal results and major conclusions.
An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided,
but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should
be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
6. Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for
example, 'and', 'of'). These must be taken from the most recent American Geological Institute GeoRef Thesaurus. Be sparing with abbreviations:
only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
• Structure
the main part of the article as follows:
Subdivision of the article
Divide your article into clearly
defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ?), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in
section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text.' Any subsection may be given
a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
1. Introduction
State the objectives of
the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
2. Regional
setting
For papers that focus on an area, provide a brief synopsis of the physical and geological characteristics of the
area, sufficient to give the new work context, but again avoid a detailed literature survey.
3. Materials and methods
Provide sufficient detail on methods to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference:
only relevant modifications should be described. Samples should normally be positioned on a map or in a table. However, lengthy tables
of precise positions should be submitted as electronic files for Supplementary Data (see below)
4. Results
This
should highlight the key results (and not repeat material already in figures or tables) and summarise the direct implications of these
results.
5. Discussion
This should explore the inter-relationships of different data sets and the broader significance
of the results. It may include limited speculation, that will not appear in the conclusions.
6. Conclusions
The short Conclusions section should summarise the conclusions of the study that have been firmly established. It should not duplicate
either the Abstract or the Discussion.
7. Acknowledgements
Place acknowledgements, including information on grants
received, before the references, in a separate section
8. Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they
should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq. A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.;
in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
9. References
See separate section, below.
10.
Figure legends, tables, figures, schemes
Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described in
more detail below. High-resolution graphics files must always be provided separate from the main text file (see Preparation of illustrations).
• Further information on:
a. Text graphics
Present incidental graphics not suitable
for mention as figures, plates or schemes at the end of the article and number them 'Graphic 1', etc. Their precise position in the text
can then be defined similarly (both on the manuscript and in the file). See further under the section, Preparation of illustrations.
b. Mathematical formulae
Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables
are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line, e.g.,
X/Y rather than
X
Y
Powers of e
are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separate from the text (if referred
to explicitly in the text).
c. Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout
the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should
this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate sheet at the
end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
d. Tables
Number tables consecutively in
accordance with their appearance in the text. Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase
letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results
described elsewhere in the article.
e. Nomenclature and units
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions:
use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
f. Preparation
of supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research.
Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution
images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version
of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that
your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should
submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more
detailed instructions please visit our website at http://authors.elsevier.com.
References
1. All references
cited in the text are to be listed at the end of the paper. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spellings of
authors' names and publication years are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list. Do not type author's and editor's names
in capitals.
2. In the text refer to the author's name (without initials) and year of publication, followed - if necessary - by a
short reference to appropriate pages. Examples: "Because Peterson (1994) has shown that...". "This is in agreement with results obtained
later (Kramer, 1996, pp. 12-16)"
3. If reference is made in the text to publications written by more than two authors the name of
the first author should be used, followed by "et al.". This indication, however, should never be used in the list of references. In this
list names of authors and all co-authors must be given in full.
4. References in the text should be arranged chronologically. The
list of references should be arranged alphabetically by authors' names, and chronologically per author. If an author's name in the list
is also mentioned with co-authors, the following order should be used: Publications of the single author, arranged according to publication
year - publications of the same author with one co-author, arranged according to publication year - publications of the author with more
than one co-author, arranged according to publication year.
The following system should be used for arranging references:
a.
Journal papers: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Journal name (given in full or abbreviated using the International
List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations), volume number (issue number): first and last page numbers of the paper.
Example:
Elbaz-Poulichet,
F., Guan, D.M., Martin, J.M., 1991. Trace metal behaviour in a highly stratified Mediterranean estuary: the Krka (Yugoslavia). Mar. Chem.
32, 211-224.
b. Monographs: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of the monograph. Publisher, location of publisher.
Example:
Zhdanov, M.S., Keller, G.V., 1994. The Geoelectrical Methods in Geophysical Exploration. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
c. Edited
volume papers: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Names and initials of the volume editors, title of the edited
volume. Publisher, location of publisher, first and last page numbers of the paper.
Example:
Thomas, E., 1992. Middle Eocene-late
Oligocene bathyal benthic foraminifera (Weddell Sea): faunal changes and implications for ocean circulation. In: Prothero, D.R., Berggren,
W.A. (Eds.), Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 245-271.
d. Conference proceedings
papers: Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Name of the conference. Publisher, location of publisher, first and
last page numbers of the paper.
Example:
Smith, M.W., 1988. The significance of climatic change for the permafrost environment. Final
Proc. Int. Conf. Permafrost. Tapir, Trondheim, Norway, pp. 18-23.
e. Unpublished theses, reports, etc.: Names and initials of all
authors, year. Title of item. All other relevant information needed to identify the item (e.g., technical report, Ph.D. thesis, institute,
etc.).
Example:
Moustakas, N., 1990. Relationships of morphological and physicochemical properties of Vertisols under Greek climate
conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Agricultural Univ. Athens, Greece.
5. In the case of publications in any language other than English, the
original title is to be retained. Titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated, and a note such as '(in Russian)'
or '(in Japanese, with English Abstr.)' should be added at the end of the reference.
Preparation of Illustrations
Submitting
your final artwork in an electronic format helps us to produce your work to the best possible standards, ensuring accuracy, clarity and
a high level of detail.
General points •Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original
artwork. •Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. •Only use the following fonts in your illustrations:
Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. •Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. •Use a
logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used. •Provide
captions to illustrations separately. •Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
You are urged to visit this
site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application
used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution
requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or
save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped
line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi
is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply
"as is".
Please do not: •Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document when
submitting the final accepted article; •Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution
is too low; •Supply files that are too low in resolution; •Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for
the content.
Colour illustrationsIf, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier
will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless
of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive
information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic
artwork, please see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork. Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise
by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition
usable black and white files corresponding to all the colour illustrations.
IMPORTANT: In the PDF file, all figures and tables
must be numbered and collected at the END of the manuscript. In addition, please indicate clearly in the text where each figure/table
should be positioned!
Proofs
When your manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form.
Proofs are not to be regarded as 'drafts'.
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author,
to be checked for typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed
at this stage. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
A form with queries from the copyeditor may accompany your proofs. Please
answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required.
The Publisher reserves the right to proceed with publication if corrections
are not communicated. Return corrections within 2 days of receipt of the proofs. Should there be no corrections, please confirm this.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. In order
to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF) proof of your article for correction, it is important to ensure that all of
your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending
is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any less time to make your corrections, just that only one set of corrections will
be accepted.
Reprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail
or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet
with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
Submission checklist
It is
hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal office for review. Please
consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
•One
author designated as corresponding author: •E-mail address •Full postal address •Telephone and fax numbers
•Keywords •Original artwork (high-quality files) •All figure captions •All tables (including title, description,
footnotes)
Further considerations
•Article has been read and approved by all co-authors •Manuscript
has been "spellchecked" •References are in the correct format for this journal •All references mentioned in the Reference
list are cited in the text, and vice versa •Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources
(including the Web)
