The International Journal

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Submission of Papers
Papers must be within the scope of ENERGY and directly related to the energy field. Papers are to be submitted via the online submission site accessed via http://ees.elsevier.com/egy

The easy-to-use submission system features a wide range of functions and capabilities designed to streamline the submission procedure:
- Step-by-step instructions assist authors throughout the entire submission process
- Submitted articles are automatically converted to PDF files for fast and easy downloading, printing and reviewing
- Information can be accessed from anywhere, anytime - authors simply login to view submitted articles, make revisions, or check the status of the review process

As well as benefiting authors, e-submission facilitates the entire editorial process:
- Submitted file is sent by the Editor-in-Chief to selected reviewers via e-mail
- System automatically informs authors of every step of the peer review process
- Data is regularly backed up on Elsevier's secure servers
- After acceptance authors can track their paper through the stages of production right up to publication

Articles can be uploaded from Microsoft (MS) Word or WordPerfect. It is also possible to submit the article in Postscript or Adobe Acrobat PDF format, but if the article is accepted it will be necessary to send the original source files. The system generates an Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article which is used for the reviewing process. Authors, Reviewers and Editors send and receive all correspondence by email and no paper correspondence is necessary. Note that compuscripts are converted into PDF for the review process but may need to be edited after acceptance to follow journal standards. For this an "editable" file format is necessary.

Note for on-line submission of revised articles All authors using the on-line submission tool to submit revised articles to the journal should highlight this in their cover letter and quote the paper's unique Editorial Office reference number. Revised articles should be submitted as Latex, MicrosoftR (MS) WordR or WordPerfectR source files and not AdobeR AcrobatR PDF files.

Endorsement by an Associate Editor will facilitate publication.

Submission of a paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the publisher. Each submitted paper must include a cover letter describing the authors' intention, and a statement that "this paper has not been published previously, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in substantially the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher."

Authors should also note that papers reporting only marginal progress beyond the state the art will not be accepted, and should cite their related past papers, published or submitted for publication.

Manuscript Preparation General:

- Manuscripts must be in concise, idiomatic English and must be typewritten, double-spaced on one side of white paper with wide margins. While we realize that the ability to write good technical English is not universal, papers written in poor English impress reviewers negatively to begin with, delay the review process significantly, and can't be published at the end anyway. Before initial submission, inexperienced authors should seek help from those who can write good technical English.

- Good quality printouts with a font size of 12 or 10 pt are required.

- The corresponding author should be identified with an asterisk and footnote (include a fax number and e-mail address). Full postal addresses must be given for all co-authors. Authors should consult a recent issue of the journal for style.

- The Editors reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity.

- Authors should retain a copy of their manuscript since we cannot accept responsibility for damage or loss of papers. Original manuscripts are discarded one month after publication unless the Publisher is asked to return original material after use.

Title: The title must be brief and properly descriptive. Abbreviations and acronyms must be preceded by the words spelled out (for example: "photovoltaic (PV)"). The abbreviation can then be used in the rest of the paper without spelling it out.

Abstracts: All articles and notes should be prefaced by a brief (one paragraph) abstract, not to exceed 200 words, without references. The word abstract, in bold, precedes the brief summary paragraph.

Text: Follow this order when typing manuscripts: Title, Authors, Affiliations (type a sufficient mailing address here), Abstract, Nomenclature (when needed), Main text, Acknowledgements, Appendix, References, Figure Captions and then Tables. Do not import the Figures or Tables into your text, or mark their position within the paper. The corresponding author should be identified with an asterisk and footnote on the first page

e.g. *Corresponding author, FAX: 5484784318, email address: jps@solar.gov

All other footnotes (except for table footnotes) should be identified with superscript Arabic numbers and typed on the same page on which they are referred. Centered under the last "Affiliations" line type the word Received where we would later add the paper receipt date.

Mathematics and symbols: Particular care should be taken with mathematical symbols. When equations extend beyond one line, authors should show appropriate symbols (+, -, , , etc.) at the beginning of the next line. Subscripts and superscripts should be set off clearly; Greek symbols should be identified in the margins. All equations should be very carefully set; one-line displays should be used if they are clear. Please use the sequence) ] } of parentheses and running punctuation with equations. Please number all equations. Numbers should appear in parentheses near the right-hand margin. The words Equation or Equations should appear in full at the beginning of sentences but be abbreviated to Eq. or Eqs. elsewhere. A nomenclature should be included (with the use of = signs) after the abstract if there is a significant number of symbols in the paper, and should be printed with careful use of all available space. Zero should be given before a decimal point.

References: All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references by a number in square brackets on the line (e.g. Since Rehman [1] found that?), and the full reference should be given in a numerical list at the end of the paper. References should be given strictly in the following form:

Journals:
[1] Rehman S. Solar radiation over Saudi Arabia and comparisons with empirical models. Energy 1998;23(12):1077-1082.

Books:
[2] Gumz W. Gas producers and blast furnaces. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1950.

Reports:
[3] Tribus M, Evans RB. A contribution to the theory of thermoeconomics, report no. 62-36. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Engineering Department, 1962. (Note: all reports must include an address that can be used by readers for accessing the report).

Chapters:
[4] Sintak Y. Models and projections of energy use in the Soviet Union. In: Steiner T, editor. International energy economics. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 1-53.

Conference or Symposium Proceedings:
[5] Emorgopoulou EA, Psomas, FA, Tsakiris NK. Comparative assessment of the thermal behaviour of a planted roof vs. a bare room in Thessaloniki. In: Grossman G, editor. ISES 1999 Solar World Congress, Jerusalem, Israel, vol. 2. Oxford: Elsevier, 2000. p. 126-33.

References sourced via the Internet:
[6] The World Bank. Ambient air quality data in select Chinese cities for 1981-1995. New Ideas in Pollution Regulation (NIPR) program. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001. See also: http://www.worldbank.org/nipr/data/china/status.htm

References in languages other than English:
[7] Swedish Energy Agency. Environmentally-adapted efficient heating and electricity utilization (add title in original language), report no. EB 8:1998. Eskilstuna: STEM (add access address), 1998 (in Swedish).

Illustrations: All illustrations should be provided in camera-ready form, suitable for reproduction (which may include reduction) without retouching. Charts and diagrams are all to be referred to as "Figure(s)" and should be numbered consecutively in the order to which they are referred. They should accompany the manuscript, but should not be included within the text. All figures are to have a caption. A list of captions should be supplied on a separate sheet.
Line drawings: When printed in black and white, they must be very clear. All lettering, graph lines and points on graphs should be sufficiently large and bold to permit reproduction when the diagram has been reduced to a size suitable for inclusion in the journal. Dye-line prints or photocopies are not suitable for reproduction. Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
Photographs: Please note that only original prints are acceptable. Photocopies (Xerox copies) are not acceptable
Colour Illustrations: Illustrations can be published in colour but at the authors' expense. The price is currently $485 per page, but contact the publisher for current pricing. Colour illustrations not paid for by the author will appear as black and white in the journal but will appear in the submitted colour on ScienceDirect. If the original illustrations submitted are in colour and not paid for, the authors must ensure that they still offer the desired detail intended when printed in black and white.

Tables: Tables should be numbered consecutively and given a suitable caption. Each table should appear on a separate page. Footnotes to tables should be typed below the table and should be referred to by superscript lowercase letters. No vertical lines should be used. Tables should not duplicate results presented elsewhere in the manuscript, (e.g. in graphs).

Electronic Annexes: You may submit electronic annexes related to the paper, such as short videos, computer-enhanced images, audio clips and large databases. These would appear in the electronic version of the paper on ScienceDirect, but not in the printed manuscript. Please refer to the Artwork Instructions (Multimedia files) at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions for details on file types to be used. If you are submitting on hardcopy, please supply 3 disks/CD ROMs containing the electronic annex to the editor for review. In the text of your article you may wish to refer to the annex. This is not mandatory; however, if you do wish to refer to the annex in the text then please do so using this example: "see Electronic Annex 1 in the online version of this article." The Publisher will insert the relevant URL at the typesetting stage after this statement.

Electronic Submission with hardcopy manuscripts Full details of electronic submission and formats, as well as assistance on how to prepare your artwork for electronic submission, can be obtained from http://www.elsevier.com/authors.

Proofs Proofs and query sheets will be sent to the author (first named author if no corresponding author is identified for multi-authored papers) and should be returned within 48 hours of receipt. Corrections should be restricted to typesetting errors; any others may be charged to the author. Any queries should be answered in full. Please note that authors are urged to check their proofs VERY carefully before return, since the inclusion of late corrections cannot be guaranteed.

Offprints Twenty five offprints will be supplied free of charge. Additional offprints and copies of the issue can be ordered at a specially reduced rate using the order form sent to the corresponding author

Copyright All authors must sign the "Transfer of Copyright" agreement, which would be sent to them by the publisher after page proofs are ready, before the article can be published. This transfer agreement enables Elsevier Ltd to protect the copyrighted material for the authors, but does not relinquish the author's proprietary rights. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microfilm or any other reproductions of similar nature and translations. This includes the right to adapt the article for use in conjunction with computer systems and programs, including reproduction or publication in machine-readable form and incorporation in retrieval systems. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder permission to reproduce any figures for which copyright exists.

Author Enquiries For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including online submission where available), please visit http://www.elsevier.com/authors. Detailed artwork guidelines and copyright information can be found there, and authors can track the progress of their accepted article and set up e-mail alerts informing them of changes to their manuscript's status.

Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.

The review process typically takes at least a couple of months, and frequent author inquiries about the status of the review just delay the process.

Review Process
The criteria given to reviewers for evaluation of papers submitted by authors are explained in For Authors' Guidance Only (below). This additional guidance is given so that authors submitting papers to Energy can understand better how their papers will be reviewed. The Reviewers' Evaluation Report is intended for reviewers and is reproduced in a form which can be completed online. Click here to open this as a Word document.

For Authors' Guidance Only
The criteria given to Reviewers for paper evaluation are:

1. Relevance to the scope of Energy
2. Originality
3. Engineering/scientific relevance
4. Doubtful or controversial arguments
5. Completeness of the reported work
6. Adequacy of acknowledgment of the past related work by others, in the reference list
7. Organization and composition of the manuscript, which must have:

• Definition of the objective
• Justification of the objective
• Accomplishment of the objective
• Description of the method of the study
• Error analysis of the study method (experimental and/or numerical), mandatory
• Clear presentation and discussion of the results
• Validation of the results
• Comparison to the results by others
• Concise conclusions/recommendations
• Clarity and good expression in English, and of tables and illustrations
• Appropriate length

The reviewer is then asked to summarize using the statements below and to expand on this in a separate report, returning the review within 20 days of receipt. Reviewers' names are kept strictly confidential.

Acceptable as is
Acceptable after minor revisions
Acceptable after major revisions (requires review after the revisions)
Not acceptable

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