Guide for Authors
Carbohydrate Research publishes reports of original research in the following areas
of carbohydrate science: action of enzymes, analytical chemistry, biochemistry (biosynthesis, degradation, structural and functional
biochemistry, conformation, molecular recognition, enzyme mechanisms, carbohydrate-processing enzymes, including glycosidases and glycosyltransferases),
chemical synthesis, isolation of natural products, physicochemical studies, reactions and their mechanisms, the study of structures and
stereochemistry, and technological aspects.
Papers on polysaccharides should have a "molecular" component; that is
a paper on new or modified polysaccharides should include structural information and characterization in addition to the usual studies
of rheological properties and the like. A paper on a new, naturally occurring polysaccharide should include structural information, preferably
detailed analysis of monosaccharide components and linkage sequence.
Papers devoted wholly or partly to X–ray crystallographic
studies, or to computational aspects (molecular mechanics or molecular orbital calculations, simulations via molecular dynamics), will
be considered if they meet certain criteria. For computational papers the requirements are that the methods used be specified in sufficient
detail to permit replication of the results, and that the conclusions be shown to have relevance to experimental observations –
the authors' own data or data from the literature. Specific directions for the presentation of X–ray data are given below under
Results and "discussion".
Types of paper
Contributions to
Carbohydrate Research
may be in the form of the following article types:
Full Papers - these should be substantial completed pieces of original
research that are of significance and which, in addition, are presented clearly and concisely.
Notes - these are concise but
complete descriptions of an investigation of a limited scope that will not be included in a later paper.
Mini-Reviews - these
are critical reports reviewing important research in that field. While manuscripts usually are submitted at the invitation of Editors,
contributions can be made by interested individuals if they contact an Editor to ensure that a suggested topic is both suitable and not
already in process. Mini-reviews are often solicited for a Special Issue on a particular topic.
Link
to full guide for authors
Some of the notes shown here are a shortened version of the guide for authors. The full instructions
to authors, including all special characters are available for download as a pdf file.
pdf
link
Ethics in publishing
For
information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics
and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Conflict of interest
All authors
are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with
other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived
to influence, their work. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission
declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously
(except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication
elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including
electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality
detection software iThenticate. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/editors/plagdetect.
Changes
to authorship
This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted
manuscripts:
Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange
the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a)
the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from
all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes
confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the
Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above. Note that: (1) Journal Managers will inform
the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2) publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship
has been agreed.
After the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or rearrange
author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement'
(for more information on this and copyright see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure
the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript
together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce
tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of
the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations
and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included,
the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted
forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained
author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the funding source
You are requested
to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe
the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report;
and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.
Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier
has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply
with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements
and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Open access
This
journal offers you the option of making your article freely available to all via the ScienceDirect platform. To prevent any conflict
of interest, you can only make this choice after receiving notification that your article has been accepted for publication. The fee
of $3,000 excludes taxes and other potential author fees such as color charges. In some cases, institutions and funding bodies have entered
into agreement with Elsevier to meet these fees on behalf of their authors. Details of these agreements are available at
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Authors of accepted articles, who wish to take advantage of this option, should complete and submit the order form (available at
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/openaccessform.pdf).
Whatever access option you choose, you retain many rights as an author, including the right to post a revised personal version of your
article on your own website. More information can be found here:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Language and language services
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted,
but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission
please visit
http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageservices
or our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com
for more information.
Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and
you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single
PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted
to PDF files at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence,
including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.
Submit your article
Please submit your article via
http://ees.elsevier.com/car/
Referees
Please submit, with the manuscript, the names, addresses and e-mail addresses of three potential
referees. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor
used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed
and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words.
However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one
grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic
text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication).
Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also
the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check'
functions of your wordprocessor.
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered
sections
The body of the
text (including tables, charts, and figures, and a bibliography). Typically the body
comprises sections labelled Introduction, Results and discussion, and Experimental, but this specific structure is not obligatory. Authors
are free to vary the organization of articles as needed for optimal presentation of their subject matter.
Divide your article into
clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included
in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text". Any subsection may be
given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae
where possible.
•
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name),
please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all
affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide
the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also
post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address
and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.
•
Present/permanent
address.
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address'
(or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work
must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract
A
concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major
conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References
should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided,
but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Graphical abstract
A
Graphical abstract is mandatory for this journal. It should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed
to capture the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described in the article.
Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: please provide an image with
a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm
using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See
http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts
for examples.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images
also in accordance with all technical requirements:
Illustration
Service.
Highlights
Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist
of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate file in the
online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including
spaces, per bullet point). See
http://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.
Keywords
Immediately
after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts
(avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible.
These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements
in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote
to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing
assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Nomenclature and units
Chemical and
Biochemical Nomenclature
The nomenclature of all carbohydrates and glycoconjugates should follow the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUBMB
Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature: "Nomenclature of Carbohydrates (Recommendations 1996)" published in
Pure Appl. Chem.,
1996,
68, 1919-2008 as well as
Carbohydr. Res. 1997,
297, 1-92 and elsewhere, including the
World-Wide Web at
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/2carb/.
For any enzyme having a substantial role in an article, the
EC number should be cited when the enzyme is first mentioned. A complete and definitive list of EC numbers, which updates the printed
version (
Enzyme Nomenclature, Academic Press, 1992), can be found on the World-Wide Web at
http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme.
Title
Compounds
3.1.1. Methyl 6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-D-allopyranoside (4).
Note that the (numbered)
compound is an example of a
title compound, which should satisfy certain criteria if it is to be listed this way. Convincing
evidence for identity and purity must be presented for all new carbohydrate derivatives listed as
title compounds. Ordinarily,
identity is established by NMR and mass spectral data. As evidence of purity authors are required to include an elemental (combustion)
analysis (minimally C and H), with values deviating from the theoretical not more than 0.4% absolute. When a C and H analysis is not
feasible (e.g., very small amounts of material available), the criteria used to assess purity should be specified; these should include
NMR observations (absence of extraneous lines in a spectrum run at high sensitivity) and chromatographic data (GLC, HPLC, or TLC at high
sensitivity). Also desirable are
m/z values from mass spectra.
It is not expected that all the intermediates in a synthetic
sequence will be purified to the point of giving satisfactory elemental analyses. Many compounds will be used in a subsequent step without
being refined to ultimate purity. However, the description of the preparation of such compounds should be consolidated with the description
of the next title compound in the series.
Listing of Physical Data
The preferred order is: mp (if applicable); [α]D (normally
required for chiral compounds); R
f values (if pertinent): electronic-spectral data (UV, IR, if recorded); NMR data (if not presented
in a table); MS. Note the use of semicolons to separate the successive items, and the use of ACS-approved abbreviations (see
ACS
Style Guide). Please see the PDF version of the full Instructions to Authors, including all special characters, for an example of
how the elemental analysis results will follow the last spectral data (in the same paragraph).
pdf
link
NMR data - Please see the PDF version of the full Instructions to Authors, including all special characters,
for an example.
pdf link
Database linking
Elsevier aims at connecting online articles with external databases which are useful in their
respective research communities. If your article contains relevant unique identifiers or accession numbers (bioinformatics) linking to
information on entities (genes, proteins, diseases, etc.) or structures deposited in public databases, then please indicate those entities
according to the standard explained below.
Authors should explicitly mention the
database abbreviation (as mentioned below) together
with the actual database number, bearing in mind that an error in a letter or number can result in a dead link in the online version
of the article.
Please use the following format:
Database ID: xxxx
Links can be provided in your online article to the following
databases (examples of citations are given in parentheses):
•
ASTM: ASTM
Standards Database (ASTM ID: G63)
•
CCDC: Cambridge Crystallographic
Data Centre (CCDC ID: AI631510)
•
GenBank: Genetic sequence
database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (GenBank ID: BA123456)
•
GEO:
Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO ID: GSE27196; GEO ID: GPL5366; GEO ID: GSM9853)
•
MI:
EMBL-EBI OLS Molecular Interaction Ontology (MI ID: 0218)
•
MINT:
Molecular INTeractions database (MINT ID: 6166710)
•
NCBI Taxonomy:
NCBI Taxonomy Browser (NCBI Taxonomy ID: 48184)
•
NCT: ClinicalTrials.gov
(NCT ID: NCT00222573)
•
OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance
in Man (OMIM ID: 601240)
•
PDB: Worldwide Protein Data
Bank (PDB ID: 1TUP)
•
TAIR: The Arabidopsis Information Resource
database (TAIR ID: AT1G01020)
•
UniProt: Universal Protein Resource
Knowledgebase (UniProt ID: Q9H0H5)
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General
points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations
as 'graphics' or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
•
Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
•
Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless
of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats
(note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF: Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a
minimum of 500 dpi is required.
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel)
then please supply 'as is'.
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT,
WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately
large for the content.
Tables and Figures
These should be so constructed as to be intelligible
without reference to the text. Every table should have a heading, as should every column in a table. Every figure should have a caption
(which should be provided on a separate page from the figure). Where the figure is a graph, all axes should be labelled and provided
with a scale if appropriate. All graphics must be labelled with the figure or scheme number and the corresponding author's name with
a clear file name if using online submission.
Charts and drawings produced by computer must be prepared at a resolution of 300 dpi
or better. All graphics (including chemical structures) must be supplied as computer files, for reproduction at single or double column
width (83 mm or 176 mm, respectively). Authors should take particular care to ensure that lettering on a figure will remain legible after
reduction. Proper format for those using ChemDraw is set by using "File, Apply Document, Settings from, ACS Document 1996".
Note 1:
ChemDraw/IsisDraw files need to be embedded in the manuscript text and uploaded as seperate ChemDraw/IsisDraw files as part of your submission.
All other figures, graphics and photos should NOT be embedded in the manuscript text file. Please upload separate figure files; preferred
formats are EPS, TIFF, JPEG.
Note 2: If a figure or table is uploaded as a separate file, then please exclude this from the manuscript
text file, otherwise it will be shown in the PDF twice.
Note 3: For each figure and table please include the appropriate figure/table
number in the description field. This helps the Editor to identify the figure/table in the PDF.
References
Bibliographic
references should be numbered in the order in which they are cited, being identified in the text by superscript Arabic numerals, and
listed in a section at the end of the paper. Titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the
Chemical Abstracts Service
Source Index (
CASSI). For a list of frequently cited journals see
http://www.cas.org/expertise/cascontent/caplus/corejournals.html
For example:
1. Borén, H. B.; Garegg, P. J.; Wallin, N.H.
Acta Chem. Scand.,
1972,
26, 1082-1086.
[Inclusive pages are required].
2. Ledrut, H. U.S. Patent 2 551 982, 1951;
Chem. Abstr.,
1952,
51,
7128i. [If possible include a reference to
Chemical Abstracts, or to the
World Patent Index (Derwent Publishers).]
3.
Wolfrom, M.L.; Szarek, W.A. Halogen Derivatives. In
The Carbohydrates, Chemistry and Biochemistry , 2nd ed; Pigman, W., Horton,
D., Eds; Academic Press: New York, 1972; Vol. 1A, pp 239-251.
Unpublished material: Papers that have been accepted but not yet published
may be listed in the References section as "in press". Personal communications, manuscripts in preparation or submitted but not yet accepted,
and "unpublished data" may also be listed in this section.
The References section should not be used for non-bibliographic comments,
which ideally should be included in the text but, if absolutely necessary, may be treated as
footnotes...
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of title word abbreviations:
http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service):
http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Video data
Elsevier
accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files
that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include these within the body of the article. This can be done
in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed.
All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your
video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the files in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum
size of 50 MB. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web
products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose
any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the
link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and
the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.
Supplementary data
Elsevier
accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional
possibilities to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files
supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect:
http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide the data
in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply
a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Mol files
Mol files (optional): Elsevier would like to enrich your online article by visualizing and providing
details of chemical structures you define as the main chemical compounds described. For this purpose, corresponding mol files can be
uploaded via the online submission system. Each compound needs to be submitted as a separate mol file. Please use your preferred drawing
tool to export chemical structures as mol files and ensure that they are unique, complete and do not contain any R-groups or other variables
so that a correct InChI key can be generated. For more information see
http://www.elsevier.com/mol.
Submission
checklist
The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal
for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal
address
• Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded, and contain:
• Keywords
•
All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript
has been 'spell-checked' and 'grammar-checked'
• References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references
mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted
material from other sources (including the Web)
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction
on the Web (free of charge) and in print, or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
•
If only color on the Web is required, black-and-white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further
information please visit our customer support site at
http://support.elsevier.com.
Additional information
A
title - this should be concise, but
specific enough to alert the readers to whom the article is directed when seen in a table of contents, database, etc.
A listing of
the
author(s) with the
address(es) of their institutions - please provide one fully spelled-out given name (forename)
for each author (s). The corresponding author(s) should always be indicated by an asterisk.
Formula charts and Schemes
Particular
attention should be paid to current conventions for drawing sugar ring structures (tapered thickening of forward edges, etc.). Structural
formulas should be grouped for insertion in the text at appropriate points. Such groups need not have a caption, but those showing reaction
sequences (i.e., containing arrows) may be designated Scheme 1, Scheme 2, etc. In charts and schemes formula numbers must follow in sequence
across the page, except where a single structure with R groups represents two or more compounds. The sequence then follows the listing
below the structure, which should be in "tabular" format.
Use
of the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents.
The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic
publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press'
because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example
taken from a document in the journal
Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059
When you use the DOI to
create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, the DOIs are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
One
set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper
proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download the files themselves. Elsevier now
provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 (or higher) available
free from
http://get.adobe.com/reader. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online).
The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/tech-specs.html.
If
you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return them
to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections
and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail,
or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures.
Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor.
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately – please let us have all your corrections within
48 hours. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying,
as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed
with the publication of your article if no response is received.
Offprints
The corresponding
author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. If the corresponding
author opts for paper offprints, this preference must be indicated via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted
for publication. Additional paper offprints can also be ordered via this form for an extra charge. The PDF file is a watermarked version
of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions
of use.
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including
electronic submission) please visit this journal's homepage. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially
those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher. You can track accepted articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle.
You can also check our Author FAQs (
http://www.elsevier.com/authorFAQ) and/or contact Customer Support via
http://support.elsevier.com.
