An International Journal

A PDF version of the full instructions to Authors, including all special characters.

Examples of Recent Graphical Abstracts.

The notes shown below are a short guide for authors. The full instructions to authors are available for download as a pdf file from the link shown above.

General

Contributions to Carbohydrate Research may be submitted as Full Papers, Notes, and Mini-Reviews. To be considered, articles must deal with original research. The results must not have been published or submitted for publication elsewhere, except that Full Papers may be used for complete reports of findings that were first presented as communications or abstracts of meetings. All articles are to be written in English.

Preparation of Manuscripts

For illustrations of the layout of the classes of articles (Full Papers, Notes and Mini-Reviews), authors are earnestly encouraged to examine a current issue of the journal, e.g. the free sample copy available online
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/carres. In addition, authors may wish to refer to "The ACS Style Guide" as the definitive reference for matters of editorial style.

Articles should consist of:

A graphical abstract summarises the article in a concise pictorial form (for an example see the graphical contents list of the free sample copy available online).

A title - this should be concise, but specific enough to alert the readers to whom the article is directed when seen in a table of contents, database, etc.

A listing of the author(s) with the address(es) of their institutions - please provide one fully spelled-out given name (forename) for each author (s). The corresponding author(s) should always be indicated by an asterisk.

An abstract - this should be concise and independent of the body of the paper.

A listing of keywords (typically 3-6; 6 maximum).

The body of the text (including tables, charts, and figures, and a bibliography). Typically the body comprises sections labelled Introduction, Results and discussion, and Experimental, but this specific structure is not obligatory. Authors are free to vary the organization of articles as needed for optimal presentation of their subject matter.

Language Polishing. For authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/languagepolishing or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms & Conditions http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/termsconditions.cws_home/termsconditions.

Acknowledgments - if desired.

References - Bibliographic references should be numbered in the order in which they are cited, being identified in the text by superscript Arabic numerals, and listed in a section at the end of the paper. Titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI). For a list of frequently cited journals see - http://www.cas.org/expertise/cascontent/caplus/corejournals.html

For example:

1. Borén, H. B.; Garegg, P. J.; Wallin, N.H. Acta Chem. Scand., 1972, 26, 1082-1086. [Inclusive pages are required].
2. Ledrut, H. U.S. Patent 2 551 982, 1951; Chem. Abstr., 1952, 51, 7128i. [If possible include a reference to Chemical Abstracts, or to the World Patent Index (Derwent Publishers).]
3. Wolfrom, M.L.; Szarek, W.A. Halogen Derivatives. In The Carbohydrates, Chemistry and Biochemistry , 2nd ed; Pigman, W., Horton, D., Eds; Academic Press: New York, 1972; Vol. 1A, pp 239-251.

Unpublished material: Papers that have been accepted but not yet published may be listed in the References section as "in press". Personal communications, manuscripts in preparation or submitted but not yet accepted, and "unpublished data" may also be listed in this section.

The References section should not be used for non-bibliographic comments, which ideally should be included in the text but, if absolutely necessary, may be treated as footnotes.

Chemical and Biochemical Nomenclature

The nomenclature of all carbohydrates and glycoconjugates should follow the recommendations of the IUPAC–IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature: "Nomenclature of Carbohydrates (Recommendations 1996)" published in Pure Appl. Chem., 1996, 68, 1919-2008 as well as Carbohydr. Res. 1997, 297, 1-92 and elsewhere, including the World-Wide Web at http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/2carb/.

For any enzyme having a substantial role in an article, the EC number should be cited when the enzyme is first mentioned. A complete and definitive list of EC numbers, which updates the printed version (Enzyme Nomenclature, Academic Press, 1992), can be found on the World-Wide Web at http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme.

Title Compounds

3.1.1. Methyl 6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-D-allopyranoside (4).

Note that the (numbered) compound is an example of a title compound, which should satisfy certain criteria if it is to be listed this way. Convincing evidence for identity and purity must be presented for all new carbohydrate derivatives listed as title compounds. Ordinarily, identity is established by NMR and mass spectral data. As evidence of purity authors are required to include an elemental (combustion) analysis (minimally C and H), with values deviating from the theoretical not more than 0.4% absolute. When a C and H analysis is not feasible (e.g., very small amounts of material available), the criteria used to assess purity should be specified; these should include NMR observations (absence of extraneous lines in a spectrum run at high sensitivity) and chromatographic data (GLC, HPLC, or TLC at high sensitivity). Also desirable are m/z values from mass spectra.

It is not expected that all the intermediates in a synthetic sequence will be purified to the point of giving satisfactory elemental analyses. Many compounds will be used in a subsequent step without being refined to ultimate purity. However, the description of the preparation of such compounds should be consolidated with the description of the next title compound in the series.

Listing of Physical Data

The preferred order is: mp (if applicable); [α]_D (normally required for chiral compounds); Rf values (if pertinent): electronic-spectral data (UV, IR, if recorded); NMR data (if not presented in a table); MS. Note the use of semicolons to separate the successive items, and the use of ACS-approved abbreviations (see ACS Style Guide). Elemental analysis results follow the last spectral data, in the same paragraph. Use the following format: Anal. Calcd for C₁₃H₁₇BrO₈S: C, 37.78; H, 4.15; Br, 19.34; S, 7.76. Found: C, 37.86; H, 4.13; Br, 19.45; S, 7.84. Note the arrangement of element symbols in the molecular formula: C, H, then the remaining symbols in alphabetical order.

NMR data - Authors are encouraged to use tables for the presentation of NMR data. For listings as running text please adhere to the following format: ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): d 3.86 (dd, 1 H,J _3,4 6.7, J _4,5 10.7 Hz, H-4), .....

Tables and Figures

These should be so constructed as to be intelligible without reference to the text. Every table should have a heading, as should every column in a table. Every figure should have a caption (which should be provided on a separate page from the figure). Where the figure is a graph, all axes should be labelled and provided with a scale if appropriate. All graphics must be labelled with the figure or scheme number and the corresponding author's name with a clear file name if using online submission.

Charts and drawings produced by computer must be prepared at a resolution of 300 dpi or better. All graphics (including chemical structures) must be supplied as computer files, for reproduction at single or double column width (83 mm or 176 mm, respectively). Authors should take particular care to ensure that lettering on a figure will remain legible after reduction. Proper format for those using ChemDraw is set by using "File, Apply Document, Settings from, ACS Document 1996".

Note 1: ChemDraw/IsisDraw files need to be embedded in the manuscript text and uploaded as seperate ChemDraw/IsisDraw files as part of your submission. All other figures, graphics and photos should NOT be embedded in the manuscript text file. Please upload separate figure files; preferred formats are EPS, TIFF, JPEG.

Note 2: If a figure or table is uploaded as a separate file, then please exclude this from the manuscript text file, otherwise it will be shown in the PDF twice.

Note 3: For each figure and table please include the appropriate figure/table number in the description field. This helps the Editor to identify the figure/table in the PDF.

Formula charts and Schemes

Particular attention should be paid to current conventions for drawing sugar ring structures (tapered thickening of forward edges, etc.). Structural formulas should be grouped for insertion in the text at appropriate points. Such groups need not have a caption, but those showing reaction sequences (i.e., containing arrows) may be designated Scheme 1, Scheme 2, etc. In charts and schemes formula numbers must follow in sequence across the page, except where a single structure with R groups represents two or more compounds. The sequence then follows the listing below the structure, which should be in "tabular" format.

Online submission

Submission of both regular and special issue articles to this journal proceeds totally online. Authors are encouraged to submit their manuscript via the homepage of this journal at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/carres. On the right hand side under the heading For Authors, you will find Submit your article. After logging in, you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Graphics and photographs may not be embedded in the text of the manuscript at first submission. Please note that separate graphic files will always be required for proof production when a manuscript is accepted for publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.

Book reviews - Books suitable for review in the "Book reviews" section should be sent to Professor D.C. Baker at dcbaker@utk.edu or to Professor T.L. Lowary at tlowary@ualberta.ca

Proofs, Offprints

Proofs: One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author, to be checked for typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. A form with queries from the copyeditor may accompany your proofs. Please answer all queries and make any corrections or additions required.

As soon as proofs have been approved, they are published online as an "Article in Press" on the Carbohydrate Research page on ScienceDirect ( www.sciencedirect.com). "Articles in Press" take full advantage of the enhanced ScienceDirect functionality, including the ability to be cited using their DOI article identifier. When the final article is assigned to an issue of the journal, the "Article in Press" version is removed and will appear in the associated online journal issue.

Offprints: The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, with twenty-five free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.

Copyright

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright. This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact ES Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com.

Carbohydrate Research has no page charges.