Guide for Authors
Ethics in Publishing
For information on Ethics
in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see
http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and
http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
Conflict of interest
All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict
of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning
the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also
http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.
Submission declaration
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously
(except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication
elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was
carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without
the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Contributors
Each author is
required to declare his or her individual contribution to the article: all authors must have materially participated in the research
and/or article preparation, so roles for all authors should be described. The statement that all authors have approved the final article
should be true and included in the disclosure.
Copyright
Upon acceptance
of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright see
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright).
Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding
author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this
agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation
within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other
derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts
from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s)
in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Retained author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details
you are referred to:
http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.
Role of the
funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation
of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation
of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such
involvement then this should be stated. Please see
http://www.elsevier.com/funding.
Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose
articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions
of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
Language Services
Manuscripts should be written in English. Authors who are unsure of correct English usage
should have their manuscript checked by someone proficient in the language. Manuscripts in which the English is difficult to understand
may be returned to the author for revision before scientific review.
Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting
services pre- and post-submission please visit
http://www.elsevier.com/languagepolishing or our customer support site at
http://epsupport.elsevier.com for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any
products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer
to our Terms & Conditions:
http://www.elsevier.com/termsandconditions.
Submission
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and
uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review
process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF files at submission for the review process, these
source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision
and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.
Revised manuscripts must be re-submitted within six months of receipt by the author. Failure to do so may lead to additional
review and, in some instances, rejection of the paper.
Authors of
review articles are offerend an amount of USD 200 plus
USD 5 per printed page upon publication of their article in
Progress in Oceanography.
In the case of Special Issues, manuscripts
should be submitted to the Guest Editor(s). Authors should ensure that they submit manuscripts and meet any additional requirements in
line with deadlines set by the Guest Editor(s) to ensure that the entire Special Issue can be published in a timely fashion.
Please submit your article via
http://ees.elsevier.com/prooce/
Referees
Please submit, with the manuscript, the names, addresses and e-mail addresses of 3 potential referees.
Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.
Page Charges
Progress in Oceanography has no page charges.
Use of wordprocessing software
It is important
that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of
the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use
the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc.
Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables,
if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs,
not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also
the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier:
http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Do not import the figures into the text
file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on
Electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions
of your wordprocessor.
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should
be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for
internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text". Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear
on its own separate line.
Introduction
State the objectives of the
work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already
published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.
Theory/calculation
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in
the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from
a theoretical basis.
Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined
Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which
may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in
appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on.
Essential title page information
•
Title.
Concise and informative. Titles are often
used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•
Author names and affiliations.
Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses
(where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the
author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name,
and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
•
Corresponding author.
Clearly indicate who will handle
correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication.
Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country
and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
•
Present/permanent
address.
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address"
(or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work
must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the
research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able
to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard
or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords
Please provide up to six subject keywords, plus regional index terms. At least four of the subject
keywords should be selected from the Aquatic Science & Fisheries Thesaurus. The regional terms should be provided as a hierarchical
string (e.g.: USA, California, Monterey Bay).
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations
that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable
in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout
the article.
Acknowledgements
The amount of these should be kept to the
minimum necessary.
Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number
them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this
feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves
separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each
footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing
of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use the following
fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
•
Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.
A detailed guide
on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged
to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application
used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution
requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save
the text as "graphics".
TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line
drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please
do not:
• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that
are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color
artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct
resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge,
that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations
are reproduced in color in the printed version.
For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs
from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color in print or on the Web only. For
further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please
note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to "gray scale" (for the printed version should
you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.
Figure Captions
All figures need captions, which have to be self explanatory; their content should not be
repeated in the text.
Tables
Tables should be numbered consecutively,
given a suitable caption and typed on separate sheets each. Footnotes to tables are typed below the table and referred to by superscript
lowercase letters. Do not use vertical rules. Tables should not duplicate results presented elsewhere in the manuscript, (e.g. in graphs).
References
Citation in text
Please ensure that
every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be
given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the
text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should
include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication". Citation of a reference
as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication and a copy of the title page of the relevant article must be submitted.
Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (DOI,
author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after
the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references
in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
Reference Style
References Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the Author(s).
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in
the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may
be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list, they should follow the standard reference style of
the journal, and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication".
Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication. All citations in the text should refer
to:
1. Single Author's name (without initials) and year of publication.
2. Two Authors' names and the year of publication.
3.
Three or more Authors; first Author's name followed by "et al." and the year of publication.
In the list of references names of authors
and all co-authors must be given in full. References in the text should be arranged chronologically.
References in the Reference
List should be arranged first alphabetically, and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the
same Author(s) in the same year, must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
References to a journal publication:
Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of paper. Journal name (given in full or
abbreviated using the International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations), volume number (issue number): first and last page numbers
of the paper.
Gooday, A.J., Bett, B.J., Shires, R., Lambshead, P.J.D., 1998. Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal species diversity in
the NE Atlantic and NW Arabian sea: a synthesis. Deep Sea Research Part II 45 (1-3), 165-201.
References to a book:
Names and
initials of all authors, year. Title of the book. Publisher, location of publisher. Zhdanov, M.S. and Keller, G.V., 1994. The Geoelectrical
Methods in Geophysical Exploration. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Names and initials of all
authors, year. Title of paper. Names and initials of the volume editors, title of the edited volume. Publisher, location of publisher,
first and last page numbers of the paper.
Thomas, E., 1992. Middle Eocene-late Oligocene bathyal benthic foraminifera (Weddell Sea):
faunal changes and implications for ocean circulation. In: Prothero, D.R., Berggren, W.A. (Eds.), Eocene Oligo-cene Climatic and Biotic
Evolution. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 245-271.
Conference proceedings papers:
Names and initials of all authors,
year. Title of paper. Name of the conference. Publisher, location of publisher, first and last page numbers of the paper.
Smith,
M.W., 1988. The significance of climatic change for the permafrost environment. Final Proc. Int. Conf. Permafrost. Tapir, Trondheim,
Norway, pp. 18-23.
Unpublished theses, reports, etc.:
Names and initials of all authors, year. Title of item. All other relevant
information needed to identify the item (e.g., technical report, Ph.D. thesis, institute, current status i.e. in press/unpublished etc.).
Moustakas, N., 1990. Relationships of Morphological and Physiochemical Properties of Vertisols under Greek Climate Conditions. Ph.D.
Thesis, Agricultural Univ. Athens, Greece, unpublished.
In the case of publications
in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. Titles of publications in non-Latin alphabets should be transliterated,
and a note such as '(in Russian)' or '(in Japanese, with English Abstr.)' should be added at the end of the reference.
The following
provide examples of appropriate citation formats for non-text and electronic-only information. However, it is requested that a Web site
address, or list server message is given as a reference only where the information is unavailable in a more permanent form. If such sources
are given, then please give as complete information as possible. Jones, P., 1996. Research activities at Smith Technology Institute.
WWW Page, External link
http://www.sti.com/about_us/research.
Smith, F., Peabody, A.N., 1997. Hydrographic data for
the Sargasso Sea, July-September 1993, SarSea mission. (Deep-Sea Data Centre, Hull, UK), online, dataset, 740 MB, External link
http://www.dcdc.gov.
Green, A., 1991. Deformations in Acanthaster planci from the Coral Sea, observed during UEA Special Project 7, July 1978. Journal
of Pollution Research 14 (7) suppl., CD-ROM, photographic images, 240 MB.
James, Z., 1997. Ecological effects of sea wall construction
during 1994 at Bridlington, UK. List server Message, Eco-list, 20 October 1995.
Journal
abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to
Index Medicus journal abbreviations:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/tsd/serials/lji.html;
List of serial title word abbreviations:
http://www.issn.org/2-22661-LTWA-online.php;
CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service):
http://www.cas.org/sent.html.
Supplementary Material
Authors
are encouraged to submit additional information in support of their article. This might include background datasets, audio fragments,
software or animations. Supplementary material should be reviewed with the article and submitted to the Editor. Details on file types
can be found on External link
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Submission checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending
it to the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the
following items are present:
One Author designated as corresponding Author:
• E-mail address
• Full postal
address
• Telephone and fax numbers
All necessary files have been uploaded
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked"
and "grammar-checked"
• References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference
list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources
(including the Web)
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge)
and in print or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only color on the
Web is required, black and white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please
visit our customer support site at
http://epsupport.elsevier.com.
Use of the Digital Object Identifier
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to
a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium
for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The
correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal
Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, they are guaranteed never to change.
Proofs
One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do
not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post) or, a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download
the files themselves. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe
Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how
to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site:
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and
return them to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then
mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan
the pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the
text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission
from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure
that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of
your article if no response is received.
Offprints
The corresponding author
for papers in both regular and Special Issues, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. In addition for
Special Issues each corresponding author will receive a complimentary copy of the issue. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the
published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.
Additional offprints and copies of the issue can be ordered at a specially reduced rate using the order form sent to the corresponding
author after the manuscript has been accepted. Orders for reprints after publication will incur a 50% surcharge.
Author's Discount
Contributors to Elsevier journals are entitled to a 30% discount on most Elsevier books,
if ordered directly from Elsevier.
For inquiries relating
to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available) please visit this journal's homepage. You can track accepted
articles at
http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has
changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising
after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.
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