International Journal of Integrated Waste Management, Science and Technology

Submission of Papers

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online. Use the following guidelines to prepare your article. Via the EES page of this journal ( http://ees.elsevier.com/WM) you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. The system automatically converts source files to a single Adobe Acrobat PDF version of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the Author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.

The above represents a very brief outline of this form of submission. It can be advantageous to print this "Guide for Authors" section from the site for reference in the subsequent stages of article preparation.

Submission of a paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere and that if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the publisher.
Upon submissions authors need to make clear why their paper is innovative and why it should be published in Waste Management.

All papers will be peer reviewed. Authors are asked to submit full contact details, including e-mail addresses, for three potential referees. Referees should be experts in the field of your paper, and not associated with the institution with which you are affiliated. The Editors typically will utilize one or two of these referees and one or two other independent referees during the peer review process.

Preparation of Manuscripts

Language: Manuscripts should be in English. Authors whose native language is not English are urged to seek advice from, or have their manuscript proofread by, a native English speaker.

General Format: Manuscripts must be typewritten with a font size of 12 or 10 pt, double-spaced with wide margins, and numbered consecutively. The manuscript should contain the following in this order: Title Page, Abstract and Keywords, Text, Acknowledgements (optional), Appendix (optional), References, Tables, and Figures. Do not import the Tables or Figures into the text. Authors should consult a recent issue of the journal for style if possible. The Editors reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity.

Units: Authors are to use SI (metric) units and international quantities and abbreviations. Equivalent values in other systems may be used provided their metric equivalents are included in every case.

Title Page: The title page should be devoted to the title (in caps), the initials and name(s) of the author(s), and the full postal addresses for all co-authors. The desired maximum length of the title is 10 words. The corresponding author should be identified with an asterisk, and a footnote should contain an e-mail address, telephone number and fax number for the corresponding author.

Abstract: The second page should consist of an abstract of 100-200 words that summarizes the major findings, and 4-6 keywords.

Text: The text should start on the third page. It should clearly convey the purpose of the study, the approach, and the key findings. A conclusion should be included that indicates the significant contribution of the manuscript with its applications. Footnotes should be identified with superscript Arabic numbers. In the text refer to the author's name (without initials) and year of publication (e.g. "Since Peterson (1993) has shown that" or "This is the agreement with results obtained later (Kramer, 1994)".

References: References should start on a separate page. All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically by authors' names. References should be given in the following form:

World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 1991. Urban Solid Waste Management Edited by Institute for the Promotions of International Health Action (IRIS), Copenhagen, Denmark.

Diaz, L.F., Savage, G.M., Golueke, C.G., 1992. Resource Recovery from Municipal Solid Wastes, vol. 1, Primary Processing. CRC Publishers Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, USA.

Lasaridi, K.E., Steniford, E.I., 1998. A Simple Respirometric Technique for Assessing Compost Stability. Water Resources 32, 3717-3723.

Pohland, F.G., 1986. Sanitary Landfill Stabilization with Leachate Recycle and Residual Treatment. EPA-600/2-75-043. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Tables: Tables should be placed after the references, with each table placed on a separate page, numbered consecutively in the order to which they are referred and given a suitable caption. Footnotes to tables should be typed below the table and should be referred to by superscript lowercase letters. No vertical rules should be used. Tables should not duplicate results presented elsewhere in the manuscript, (e.g. in graphs).

Preparation of Illustrations

General points

• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy printouts on separate sheets.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.

Formats: Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".

Please do not:

• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Figures: Figures should be placed after the tables, numbered consecutively in the order to which they are referred, and given a descriptive caption. Photographs, charts and diagrams are all to be referred to as "Figure(s)." Figures that are not submitted electronically should be provided in camera-ready form.

Line drawings: The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations.

Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.

Photographs (halftones): Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the caption.

Colour illustrations: Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.

Classification of Submissions:

Discussions: Discussions may be submitted on any paper published in Waste Management. Discussions are accepted for a period of 6 weeks following the date of publication. The discussion should include only matter pertinent to the subject and is restricted to five double-spaced manuscript pages, including tables and figures. All discussions should be written in the third person. Discussions have a specific format. The title of the original paper/technical note appears at the top of the first page with a superscript letter "a" that corresponds to a footnote indicating the volume, issue number, author(s), and page numbers of the original paper/technical note. The discusser's full name, title, affiliation, and address should be indicated below the title. The discusser's figures, tables, and references follow consecutively from the original paper/technical note. In referring to a figure, table, or reference that appeared in the original, use the same number used in the original.

Closures: When a discussion is received and approved for publication, the author of the paper/technical note will prepare a closure - a response that provides clarifications of and conclusions to the points raised in the discussions. Authors have 1 month from the date of their receipt of a discussion to prepare a closure. Closures are published in the same issue as the discussions. In the preparation of closures, authors should follow the format outlined above for discussions, including the title of the original contribution and the author information. Numbers for figures, tables, and references follow consecutively from the discussion.

Book Reviews: Book reviews should start with the title of the book, other information shown in the reference section and the price of the book. The reviewer's name should appear as a signature along with the reviewer's affiliation and full postal address.

Additional Information

Review Process: All manuscripts are sent to at least two independent referees to ensure both accuracy and relevance to the journal. The final decision regarding acceptance will be made by the Editors. Manuscripts may be sent back to authors for revision if necessary. Revised manuscript submissions should be made as soon as possible (within 6 weeks) after the receipt of the referees' comments.

Proofs: One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding Author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 available free from http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs.

If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post.

Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.

Offprints: The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article (e-offprints) via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.

Copyright: All authors must sign the "Transfer of Copyright" agreement before the article can be published. This transfer agreement enables Elsevier Ltd to protect the copyrighted material for the authors, without the author relinquishing his/her proprietary rights. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microfilm or any other reproductions of a similar nature, and translations. It also includes the right to adapt the article for use in conjunction with computer systems and programs, including reproduction or publication in machine-readable form and incorporation in retrieval systems. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder permission to reproduce any material for which copyright already exists.

Author Services: For inquiries relating to the submission of manuscripts (including electronic submission where available), please send an email to authorsupport@elsevier.com.

Submission checklist It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.


Ensure that the following items are present:

• One Author designated as corresponding Author:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• All necessary files have been uploaded
• Telephone and fax numbers
• Keywords
• All figure captions
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes

Further considerations

• Manuscript has been "spellchecked"
• References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
• Colour figures are clearly marked as being intended for colour reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced in colour on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only colour on the Web is required, black and white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes

For any further information please contact the Author Support Department at authorsupport@elsevier.com.