Submission of Papers
Authors are requested to use electronic submission via: http://www.ees.elsevier.com/asd. For exceptions contact one of the Coordinating Editors:


R. Alexander Steinbrecht
Max-Planck-Institut für Ornithologie
D-82319 Seewiesen
Germany
Tel: +449 8157 932 229
Fax: +49 8157 932 434
E-mail: asd@orn.mpg.de


Nicholas J Strausfeld
ARL Division of Neurobiology
University of Arizona
611 Gould-Simpson Building
Tucson, Arizona 85721
United States of America
Tel: +1 520 6218382
Fax: +1 520 621 8282
E-mail: flybrain@neurobio.arizona.edu

Submission of a paper implies that it has not been published previously and that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The letter to the editor should contain this statement. Accepted papers must not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the publisher. Criteria for acceptance will be scientific merit of the contents and appropriateness to the Aims and Scope of the Journal. Every paper submitted to the Journal will be critically reviewed by at least two authorities in that field. Authors are encouraged to suggest competent reviewers providing their fax numbers and e-mail addresses.

The Editors reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity. Authors should retain a copy of their manuscript since we cannot accept responsibility for damage or loss of papers. Original manuscripts are discarded one month after publication unless the Publisher is asked to return original material after use. In the case of rejection, only the original illustrations and one copy of the manuscript will be returned.

Types of Contributions
The journal publishes regular research papers, review articles and series articles for special or thematic issues. Short, timely reports may be submitted as short communications (manuscript should not exceed 5 manuscript pages and 2 plates). Reviews should address tightly defined topics, which are of particular interest to the readership of the Journal. They should provide a critical and balanced view of the field. Special issues contain a series of original papers and/or reviews in a particular area, organized by an expert in that area. Proposals for special issues or reviews should be discussed with the Coordinating Editors beforehand.

Manuscript Preparation
General: Manuscripts must be typewritten in clear black print, double-spaced on one side of white paper with margins of 3cm on all sides. All pages including figure captions must be numbered throughout. The language of the journal is English. American or English spelling is acceptable. Authors whose native language is not English must have their manuscripts checked by an English-speaking colleague prior to submission.

English language help service:Upon request, Elsevier will direct authors to an agent who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact www.elsevier.com/locate/languagepolishing for further information.

Style: Authors should consult a recent issue of the journal for style if possible. A useful guide to style etc. is also given in the latest edition of the Council of Biology Editors Style Manual, published by the American Institute of Biological Sciences, 3900 Wisconsin Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 20116, USA. Weights and measures have to be expressed in the metric system (SI units). Use italics for taxonomic names(genus, species).

Text: Follow this order when typing manuscripts: First page: Title, Authors, Affiliations; second page: Abstract, Keywords; from third page: Main text, Acknowledgements, Appendix (if applicable), References, Figure Captions, Tables and then Illustrations. Do not import the Figures or Tables into your text.

Title page: The title should be concise and complete. Full postal addresses must be given for all co-authors. Identify the corresponding author with an asterisk and footnote (include Fax number and E-mail address). Provide a short running title with no more than 60 letters.

Abstract: This must include the main objectives of the work, significant results and conclusions. It must be free of abbreviations, references and not exceed 200 words.

Keywords: List up to six significant terms- in addition to those in the title - for indexing purposes.

References: List all publications cited in the references following the text of the manuscript. In the text refer to the author's name (without initials) and year of publication (e.g. "Since Peterson (1993) has shown that..." or "This is in the agreement with results obtained later (Kramer, 1994)"). For three or more authors use the first author followed by "et al.", in the text. Arrange the list of references alphabetically by authors' names. Check the manuscript carefully to ensure that the spelling of authors' names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list.

References should be given in the following form:

Journal Article:
Hallberg, E., Johansson, K.U.I. and Wallén, R.,1997. Olfactory sensilla in crustaceans: morphology, sexual dimorphism, and distribution patterns. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 26, 173-180.

Book Chapter: Locke, M., 1998. Epidermis. In: Harrison, F.E. and Locke, M. (Eds), Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, vol. 11A. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 75-138.

Book:
Chapman, R.F., 1998. The Insects: Structure and Function. 4th edition. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

Titles of periodicals must be written out in full.

Illustrations: Illustrations should be numbered consecutively and submitted on separate sheets. Mark all illustrations on the back with the figure number and the author's name and address.
Text figures (line drawings, graphs etc.): Good quality drawings on white paper produced in black ink are required (maximally twice the final size). High quality prints in the final size are also acceptable. All lettering, graph lines and points on graphs should be sufficiently large and bold to permit good readability after reduction. Indicate the desired final size, which should fit to the width of a single column (84 mm), three-quarter page (124 mm) or full page (174 mm). Maximum size of the reproduced figure is 244 x 174 mm.
Half-tone illustrations (photographs, electron micrographs) must be submitted in the final size as they should appear in print, either singly or grouped into composite plates to a maximum size of 244 x 174 mm. They must be crisp, glossy prints of very good contrast. Where several illustrations make up a plate, they must be accurately mounted on flexible cardboard with straight gutters of 2 mm width in between. If possible illustrations of very different contrast and/or brightness in one composite plate should be avoided. For labelling use transfer lettering of sufficient size (>2mm) and clear visibility (sans serif, e.g. Helvetica). Indicate magnification by a scale bar in the micrograph. For labelling use transfer lettering of sufficient size (>2mm) and clear visibility (sans serif, e.g. Helvetica). Indicate magnification by a scale bar in the micrograph.

Colour: Elsevier is offering authors one free page of full colour illustrations per article. If an article contains more than one page of colour illustrations, authors will be charged USD 400, Euro 363 per page for reproduction of full colour illustrations. The costs for reproduction of black-and-white drawings with one extra colour (e.g. red) will be: USD 400, Euro 363 for the first page, USD 200, Euro 182 for subsequent pages. Illustrations can also be submitted to the journal as electronic annexes (see below). These will not be published in the printed journal, but on the journal's web site (free of charge). It is possible to publish the colour illustration as an electronic annex, while a black-and-white version of the same figure is printed in the journal.

Figure captions must be concise and provide a brief, self-sufficient explanation of the illustrations. Type figure captions separately on pages at the end of the manuscript.

Tables: Tables should be numbered consecutively, each table on a separate sheet with a suitable caption. Type footnotes below the table with superscript lowercase letters for reference. Use standard symbols and do not draw vertical rules. Tables must not duplicate results presented elsewhere in the manuscript (e.g., in graphs). Avoid long tables.

Supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting application, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of our article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com). In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the articles and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.

Electronic Submission
Authors should submit an electronic copy of their paper with the revision. The electronic copy should match the hardcopy of the final version exactly. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Full details of electronic submission and formats can be obtained from Author Services at Elsevier. A disk is required only with the final version of the accepted manuscript for the printer.

Proofs
Proofs will be sent to the corresponding author and should be returned within 48 hours of receipt. Corrections should be restricted to typesetting errors; any others may be charged to the author. Any queries should be answered in full. Please note that authors are urged to check their proofs carefully before return, since the inclusion of late corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofs are to be returned to the Log-in Department of the relevant Elsevier site.

Offprints and Charges
No page charges are levied. Fifty offprints will be supplied free of charge to the corresponding author. Extra offprints can be ordered using the order form sent to the corresponding author with the proofs.

Copyright All authors must sign the "Transfer of Copyright" agreement before the article can be published. This transfer agreement enables Elsevier Ltd to protect the copyrighted material for the authors, but does not relinquish the author's proprietary rights. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microfilm or any other reproductions of similar nature and translations. It includes the right to adapt the article for use in conjunction with computer systems and programs, including reproduction or publication in machine-readable form and incorporation in retrieval systems. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder permission to reproduce any figures for which copyright exists.

Author Services
Author enquiries For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission where available) please visit this journal's homepage at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/asd. You can track accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed, as well as copyright information, frequently asked questions and more.

Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided after registration of an article for publication.