Objective Accident Analysis and Prevention is intended to advance understanding of accident causes, and means of their prevention,
through presentation of research findings.
Submission of articles General
Authors are to submit their papers
electronically via the journal's online submission website: http://ees.elsevier.com/aap
To allow the fullest use
of the journal as a means of communicating research findings, articles must be made as concise as possible. Papers should be limited
to 5,000 words in length except as approved by the Editor.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published
previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration
for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where
the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language,
without the written consent of the Publisher.
It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript.
Articles must be written in good English.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information
on copyright see http://authors.elsevier.com). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information.
A letter will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will
be provided.
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright
owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact ES Global Rights
Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com
We accept most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file
for reference and safety. Label storage media with your name, journal title, and software used. Save your files using the default extension
of the program used. No changes to the accepted version are permissible without the explicit approval of the Editor. Electronic files
can be stored on diskette, ZIP-disk or CD (either MS-DOS or Macintosh).
Preparation of text Presentation of manuscript
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Italics are not to be
used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands
(10 000 and above).
Authors in Japan kindly note that, upon request, Elsevier Japan will provide a list of people who can check and
improve the English of an article before submission. Contact our Tokyo office: Elsevier K.K., Editorial Service, 1-9-15 Higashi Azabu,
Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044, Japan; tel.: +81-3-5561-5032; fax: +81-3-5561-5045; e-mail: info@elsevier.com
Use double
spacing and wide (3cm) margins. (Avoid full justification, i.e., do not use a constant right-hand margin.) Ensure that each new paragraph
is clearly indicated. Present tables and figure legends on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. If possible, consult a recent
issue of the journal to become familiar with layout and conventions. Number all pages consecutively.
Provide the following data on
the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems.
Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g.,
a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names.
Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address.
Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication,
also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address
and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article
was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name.
The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals
are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is required (maximum length 200 words). The abstract
should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate
from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in
full, without reference to the reference list.
Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords,
avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations
firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
N.B. Acknowledgements. Collate
acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote
to the title or otherwise.
Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article into clearly
defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section
numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text.' Any subsection may be given a brief
heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction. State the objectives of the work and provide an
adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Figure legends, tables, figures, schemes.
Present these, in this order, at the end of the article. They are described in more detail below. If you are working with LaTeX and have
such features embedded in the text, these can be left, but such embedding should not be done specifically for publishing purposes. Further,
high-resolution graphics files must be provided separately (see Preparation of illustrations).
Appendices. If there is more
than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: (Eq.
A.1), (Eq. A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, (Eq. B.1) and so forth.
Acknowledgements. Place acknowledgements, including
information on grants received, before the references, in a separate section, and not as a footnote on the title page.
References.
See separate section, below.
Units. Authors are seriously recommended to use SI (metric) units in their manuscripts, with
optional English equivalents in parentheses.
Mathematical formulae. Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where
possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line,
e.g., Xp/Ym
rather than
Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.
Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed
separate from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them
consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature
may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves on a separate
sheet at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes. Indicate each footnote in a table with
a superscript lowercase letter.
Tables. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text. Place
footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the
use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.
References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
Citations in the text: Please ensure
that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must
be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications should not be in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text.
Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Citing and listing of web references.
As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (author names, dates, reference to a source publication,
etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired,
or can be included in the reference list.
Text: All citations in the text should refer to:
1. Single author: the author's name
(without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
3. Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;
3. Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.
Citations may be made directly
(or parenthetically). Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically.
Examples: "as demonstrated
(Allan, 1996a, 1996b, 1999; Allan and Jones, 1995). Kramer et al. (2000) have recently shown ...."
List: References should be arranged
first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same
year must be identified by the letters "a", "b", "c", etc., placed after the year of publication.
Examples:
Davis, G.A., Yihong,
G., 1993. Statistical methods to support induced exposure analysis of traffic accident data. Transportation Research Record 1404 (1),
43-49.
Fleming, T.R., Harrington, D.P., 1990. Counting Process and Survival Analysis. John Wiley, New York.
Watanabe, K., Yamaguchi,
T., 1989. Analysis of factors affecting dummy readings in side impact tests. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference
on ESV, Gothenburg, pp.1104-1114.
American Hospital Association, 1991. American Hospital Association Hospital Statistics, 1990-91
Edition, American Hospital Association, Chicago, IL, Table 5c, p.135.
Preparation of illustrations Preparation of
electronic illustrations
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. • Only use the following fonts in your illustrations:
Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol. • Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. • Use
a logical naming convention for your artwork files, and supply a separate listing of the files and the software used. • Provide
all illustrations as separate files. • Provide captions to illustrations separately.• Produce images near to the desired
size of the printed version.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of
the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats
(Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings.
Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale):
a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications
please supply "as is".
Please do not: • Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low; • Supply files
that are too low in resolution; • Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Captions
Ensure
that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions on a separate sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief
title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain
all symbols and abbreviations used.
Colour illustrations
Submit colour illustrations as original photographs, high-quality
computer prints or transparencies, close to the size expected in publication, or as 35 mm slides. Polaroid colour prints are not suitable.
If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these
figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced
in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after
receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.
Preparation of supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific
research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences,
high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the
electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com.
In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file
formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption
for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit http://authors.elsevier.com.
Proofs
When your manuscript is received by the Publisher it is considered to be in its final form. Proofs are not to be
regarded as 'drafts'.
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author, to be checked for
typesetting/editing. No changes in, or additions to, the accepted (and subsequently edited) manuscript will be allowed at this stage.
Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
A form with queries from the copyeditor may accompany your proofs. Please answer all
queries and make any corrections or additions required.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published
as quickly and accurately as possible. In order to do this we need your help. When you receive the (PDF) proof of your article for correction,
it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible,
so please ensure your first sending is complete. Note that this does not mean you have any less time to make your corrections, just that
only one set of corrections will be accepted.
Offprints
Twenty-five offprints will be supplied free of charge. Additional
offprints and copies of the issue can
be ordered at a specially reduced rate using the order form sent to the corresponding author after
the manuscript has been accepted. Orders for reprints (produced after publication of an article) will incur a 50% surcharge.
Enquiries
Authors can keep a track on the progress of their accepted article, and set up e-mail alerts informing them of changes to their manuscript's
status, by using the "Track a Paper" feature of http://authors.elsevier.com. For privacy, information on each article is
password-protected. The author should key in the "Our Reference" code (which is in the letter of acknowledgement sent by the publisher
on receipt of the accepted article) and the name of the corresponding author. In case of problems or questions, authors may contact the
Author Support Department, E-mail: authorsupport@elsevier.com.
