Journal of Stored Products Research

The Journal of Stored Products Research provides an international medium for the publication of both reviews and original results from laboratory and field studies on stored products. These include raw and semi-processed foods, animal feedstuffs, and a range of other durable items, including materials such as textiles or museum artefacts.

Suitable subjects include:
• the biology, ecology, physiology, behaviour, taxonomy, genetics and control of pests and spoilage agents
• relevant biotechnology, pest management and decision support systems
• the physical and chemical nature of the stored products and their environment, including their modification
• the assessment, prevention and control of losses
• regulatory, technological and economic subjects relevant to stored products
• the design and structure of the storage environment


The Journal of Stored Products Research reflects the worldwide interest in the scientific problems of infestation in stored food and their relevance to trade and the increasing world food shortage.

Contact details for submission

Based on your region, your manuscript will be handled by:


Australia and Asia: G.J. Daglish


Europe and Africa: C.H. Bell


The Americas: F. Arthur


Reviews should be submitted to one of the above Editors-in-Chief


The electronic submission system requires you to choose the appropriate editor via a drop-down menu. If in doubt, please submit to the Editor-in-Chief who will forward the submission to an appropriate Editor.



Ethics in publishing

For information on Ethics in publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.

Conflict of interest

All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or be perceived to influence, their work. See also http://www.elsevier.com/conflictsofinterest.

Submission Declaration

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same or very similar form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
Where preliminary or pilot studies have been published previously, full accounts may be accepted for the Journal of Stored Products Research at the discretion of the editors.

Submission declaration and verification

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection software iThenticate. See also http://www.elsevier.com/editors/plagdetect.

Changes to authorship

This policy concerns the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship of accepted manuscripts:
Before the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Requests to add or remove an author, or to rearrange the author names, must be sent to the Journal Manager from the corresponding author of the accepted manuscript and must include: (a) the reason the name should be added or removed, or the author names rearranged and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, fax, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Requests that are not sent by the corresponding author will be forwarded by the Journal Manager to the corresponding author, who must follow the procedure as described above. Note that: (1) Journal Managers will inform the Journal Editors of any such requests and (2) publication of the accepted manuscript in an online issue is suspended until authorship has been agreed.
After the accepted manuscript is published in an online issue: Any requests to add, delete, or rearrange author names in an article published in an online issue will follow the same policies as noted above and result in a corrigendum.

Copyright

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.

Retained author rights

As an author you (or your employer or institution) retain certain rights; for details you are referred to: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.

Role of the funding source

You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated. Please see http://www.elsevier.com/funding.

Funding body agreements and policies

Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors whose articles appear in journals published by Elsevier, to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.

Open access

This journal offers you the option of making your article freely available to all via the ScienceDirect platform. To prevent any conflict of interest, you can only make this choice after receiving notification that your article has been accepted for publication. The fee of $3,000 excludes taxes and other potential author fees such as color charges. In some cases, institutions and funding bodies have entered into agreement with Elsevier to meet these fees on behalf of their authors. Details of these agreements are available at http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies. Authors of accepted articles, who wish to take advantage of this option, should complete and submit the order form (available at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/openaccessform.pdf). Whatever access option you choose, you retain many rights as an author, including the right to post a revised personal version of your article on your own website. More information can be found here: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights.

Language and language services

Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageservices or our customer support site at http://support.elsevier.com for more information.

Submission

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts source files to a single PDF file of the article, which is used in the peer-review process. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF files at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail removing the need for a paper trail.

Submit your article
Please submit your article via http://ees.elsevier.com/spr/

Additional information
Manuscripts which describe work involving new methodology, synthetic or natural compounds, or extracts from animals, plants or minerals, must contain sufficient information about the methodology, the structure and concentration of the compounds, their formulation, or the source of the extracts for the work to be repeated. The information must be given in full where the methodology or the materials are novel, or by reference to previously published sources to which there is open access where this is appropriate. Papers concerning methodology or compounds or extracts of novel composition which has to remain confidential at the time of submission will not be considered for publication.

Work described in all manuscripts must conform to the legal requirements of the country in which it was carried out, including those relating to conservation and animal welfare. Any possible adverse consequences of the work for populations or individual organisms must be weighed against the possible gains in knowledge and its practical applications. Authors of manuscripts involving work on vertebrate animals are required to sign a declaration that their work conforms to the legal requirements of the country in which it was carried out, but editors may seek advice from referees on ethical matters and the final decision of acceptability will rest with the editors.




Use of Wordprocessing Software

It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Unless there is good reason for not doing so, use a 12 pt font. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor's facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on Electronic illustrations.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of your wordprocessor.

Manuscripts should be prepared with numbered lines, with wide margins and double spacing throughout, i.e. also for abstracts, footnotes and references. Every page of the manuscript, including the title page, references, tables, etc. should be numbered. However, in the text no reference should be made to page numbers; if necessary, one may refer to sections. Authors should consult a recent issue of the journal for style if possible. The Editors reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity.

Article structure

Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and Methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. The technical description of methods should be given in detail only when such methods are new.

Results
Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. A very brief summary or conclusion may be included after the Discussion, but it should neither replace nor repeat the Abstract.

Conclusions

A very brief summary or conclusion may be included after the Discussion, but it should neither replace nor repeat the Abstract.

Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

Essential title page information

• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract

All papers and short communications must be provided with a brief abstract of less than 300 words.

Graphical abstract

A Graphical abstract is optional and should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership online. Authors must provide images that clearly represent the work described in the article. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. See http://www.elsevier.com/graphicalabstracts for examples.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration and Enhancement service to ensure the best presentation of their images also in accordance with all technical requirements: Illustration Service.

Highlights

Highlights are mandatory for this journal. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that convey the core findings of the article and should be submitted in a separate file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point). See http://www.elsevier.com/highlights for examples.

Keywords

Please supply five key words (or short phrases).

Abbreviations

Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Acknowledgements

Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

Nomenclature and Units

SI units, and abbreviations, should be used throughout. Any unusual or Greek letters must be clearly identified.

The international rules of nomenclature should be used for all organisms. Full species names including the authority (e.g. Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) ) should be given the first time that an organism is mentioned in the main body of the paper, but authorities ar not required in the Abstract. Authorities for the names should be given in full except in the cases of Linnaeus and Fabricius, which may be abbreviated to L. and F. respectively. Other than at the beginning of a sentence names may subsequently be abbreviated, (e.g. to Acanthoscelides obtectus or to A. obtectus) where no ambiguity may arise. Common names should be avoided in the title.

Common names of pesticides, which have been accepted by the International Standards Organisation (ISO), should be used wherever possible. In other situations a name used by a renowned national body (Entomological Society of America, INRA, etc.) should be used. The full chemical name of pesticides, which lack an ISO name, should be given when the compound is first mentioned. Trade names for active ingredients are preferable to those for particular formulations.

Numbers should be written in full where they occur at the beginning of a sentence and where they are not associated with units (thus: Ten beetles in 5 months).
The following symbols and abbreviations should be used as appropriate; minutes (min), days (d), hours (h), moisture content (m.c.), relative humidity (r.h.), active ingredient (a.i.). When using any abbreviation (except % and °C) leave a single space between the numeral and following character.

Mathematical formulae
Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).


Manuscripts which include large numbers of formulae or equations should be accompanied by a separate sheet of nomenclature in which abbreviations or terms are explained or defined; there is then no need to repeat the explanations in the text, Tables or Figure legends.
Data should be subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.
Authors should provide the outcome in the form of the calculated statistic (values of t, χ² , F, etc), the number(s) of degrees of freedom (df) which may be presented as subscripts where appropriate, and the value of P which is appropriate (e.g. ANOVA: F^1,11=7.89,P= 0.017).
In cases where sample sizes are appropriate, as opposed to df, these should be given after the test statistic but before the value of P (e.g. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test: T = 6, N = 14, P < 0.01).
Note that the letters indicating calculated statistics such as standard error (of the mean) (SE), standard deviation (SD) and P should all be in capital italics; Student's t is a specific exception to the capitalisation rule.
P values for significant outcomes should be quoted as below a threshold significance value (e.g. P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001) or as an exact probability value. Departure from a significance threshold of 0.05 should be stated and justified in the Methods. Non-significant outcomes should be indicated as NS (not italicised) or exact probability values, not as P>0.05. State whether a test is one-tailed or two-tailed.
Manuscripts lacking a satisfactory account of the analysis will be returned for revision.

Footnotes

Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers. Many wordprocessors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
Table footnotes
Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.

Electronic Artwork

General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing for your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial (preferred), Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide legends to illustrations separately. Each Figure should have a brief and self-explanatory title. Latin names of organisms should not be abbreviated in legends.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not:
• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in color in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to 'gray scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.

Figure legends
Ensure that each illustration has a legend. Supply legends separately, not attached to the figure. A legend should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Tables

1. Authors should take notice of the limitations set by the size and lay-out of the journal. Large tables should be avoided. Reversing columns and rows will often reduce the dimensions of a table.
2. If many data are to be presented, an attempt should be made to divide them over two or more tables.
3. Tables should be numbered according to their sequence in the text. The text should include references to all tables.
4. Each table should be typewritten on a separate page of the manuscript. Tables should never be included in the text but their approximate position indicated.
5. Each table should have a brief legend enabling it to be understood without immediate reference to the text. Any additional information essential to the understanding of the table should be given as a footnote below the table. Latin names of organisms should not be abbreviated in the legends.
6. Column headings should be brief, but sufficiently explanatory. The first letter of each heading should be capitalised. Standard abbreviations of units of measurement should be added in parentheses.
7. Vertical lines should not be used to separate columns. Leave some extra space between the columns instead.

References

Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references should be included in the reference list.

References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.

Reference Style

All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. In the text refer to the author's name (without initials) and year of publication (e.g. "Since Peterson (1993) has shown that..." or "This is in the agreement with results obtained later (Kramer, 1994)"). For three or more authors use the first author followed by "et al.", in the text. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically by authors' names. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of authors' names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list. Please note that all journal titles should be given in full. Anonymous publications should be cited as Anonymous (with the year of publication) in the text and included in the list of references as Anonymous (not Anon.).
To enable readers to find sources effectively, references to conference proceedings should include the editors of the proceedings, the title of the proceedings and full name of the conference, its date and location, the publishers of the proceedings and their location.
The titles of books and conference proceedings should be capitalised.
Reference to internal reports of organisations, which have a narrow circulation, should be avoided as far as possible. Papers or books with titles in a foreign language must have an accurate English translation of the title in addition to the title in the original language (except where the language has a non-Roman alphabet, in which case a translation alone is acceptable with the original language clearly indicated).


References should be given in the following form:


Journal Article:
Perez-Mendoza, J., Hagstrum, D.W., Dover, B.A., Hopkins, T.L., Baker, J.E., 1999. Flight response, body weight, and lipid content of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) as influenced by strain, season and phenotype. Journal of Stored Products Research 38, 183-195.


Edited book:
Cardona, C., Karel, A.K., 1990. Key insects and other invertebrate pests of beans. In: Singh, S.R. (Ed.), Insect Pests of Tropical Food Legumes. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 157-191.


Book:
Pitt, J.I., Hocking, A.D., 1985. Fungi and Food Spoilage. Academy Press, Sydney.


Conference proceedings:
Winks, R.G., Hyne, E. A., 1994. Measurement of resistance to grain fumigants with particular reference to phosphine. In: Highley E., Wright, E.J., Banks, H.J., Champ, B.R. (Eds), Stored Products Protection. Proceedings of the Sixth International Working Conference on Stored-product Protection, 17-23 April 1994, Canberra, Australia, CAB International, Oxford, UK, pp. 244-249.

Supplementary data

Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide the data in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.

Submission checklist
It is hoped that this list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to uploading the submission on the Journal's website for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
• One Author has been designated as corresponding Author
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• Telephone and fax numbers
• All necessary files have been uploaded
• Keywords
• All figure legends
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been "spellchecked" and "grammar-checked"
• References are in the correct format for this journal
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Web)
• Color figures are clearly marked as being intended for color reproduction on the Web (free of charge) and in print or to be reproduced in color on the Web (free of charge) and in black-and-white in print
• If only color on the Web is required, black and white versions of the figures are also supplied for printing purposes
For any further information please visit our customer support site at http://epsupport.elsevier.com..



Use of the Digital Object Identifier

The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. The DOI consists of a unique alpha-numeric character string which is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electronic publication. The assigned DOI never changes. Therefore, it is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularly 'Articles in press' because they have not yet received their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the journal Physics Letters B):
doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.059
When you use the DOI to create URL hyperlinks to documents on the web, the DOIs are guaranteed never to change.

Proofs
Page proofs (as PDF files) will be supplied on-line and the corresponding author sent a message by e-mail to inform him or her of their availability for checking. If we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post. Elsevier now provides authors with PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 (or higher) available free from http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs (also given online). The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return them to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting page and line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.

Offprints

The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.

Author inquiries
For inquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission) please visit this journal's homepage. You can track accepted articles at http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle and set up e-mail alerts to inform you of when an article's status has changed. Also accessible from here is information on copyright, frequently asked questions and more. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher.

Author Information Pack