The leading international journal of low temperature engineering including applied superconductivity, cryoelectronics and cryophysics

1. Aims and Scope

Cryogenics is the world's leading journal focusing on all aspects of cryoengineering and cryogenics. Papers published in Cryogenics cover a wide variety of subjects in low temperature engineering and research. Among the areas covered are:

•Applications of superconductivity: magnets, electronics, devices
•Superconductors and their properties
•Properties of materials: metals, alloys, composites, polymers, insulations
•New applications of cryogenic technology to processes, devices, machinery
•Refrigeration and liquefaction technology
•Thermodynamics
•Fluid properties and fluid mechanics
•Heat transfer
•Thermometry and measurement science
•Cryogenics in medicine
•Cryoelectronics

2. Types of Contributions

The journal accepts the following types of contributions:

•Original high-quality Research Papers
•Short Communications
•Review Articles
•Book Reviews
•Conference Reports
•Calendar of Forthcoming Events.

Submission of a manuscript implies that it has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the publisher.

All communications must indicate the name, e-mail, fax, telephone and full postal address of the author to whom proofs should be sent. This author is responsible for informing all co-authors that the manuscript has been submitted to this journal.

All contributions are read by two or more referees to ensure both accuracy and relevance, and revisions to the script may thus be required. On acceptance, contributions are subject to editorial amendment to suit house style. When a manuscript is returned for revision prior to final acceptance, the revised version must be submitted as soon as possible after the author's receipt of the referees' reports. Revised manuscripts returned after four months will be considered as new submissions subject to full re-review.

3. Submission of Manuscripts

Authors should submit their manuscript online. Please visit http://ees.elsevier.com/cryogenics/
Professor S.W. Van Sciver
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Florida State University
1800 E Paul Dirac Drive
Tallahassee, Fl 32306-4005, USA
Fax: + 1 850 644 0867
vnsciver@magnet.fsu.edu
Dr T. Haruyama
KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies
1-1 Oho, Tsukuba
Ibaraki-305-0801, Japan
Fax: + 81 298 642580
tomiyoshi.haruyama@kek.jp
Dr L. Bottura,
LHC Division
CERN CH-1211
Geneva 23
Switzerland
Fax: +41 (022) 767-8666
Luca.Bottura@cern.ch

4. Preparation of Manuscripts

General: Authors should write in clear and concise English. A font size of 12 or 10 pt is required. The corresponding author should be identified (include a Fax number and E-mail address). Full postal addresses must be given for all co-authors. Authors should consult a recent issue of the journal for style if possible. Number every sheet of paper. The Editors reserve the right to adjust style to certain standards of uniformity. Authors should retain a copy of their manuscript since we cannot accept responsibility for damage or loss of papers. Original manuscripts are discarded one month after publication unless the Publisher is asked to return original material after use.

English Language: Manuscripts should be proof-read and have English language errors corrected before submission as we may have to return papers due to poor language usage. Elsevier has negotiated with five different language editing companies to provide their services to our authors at favourable rates. You will find a listing of these companies which provide pre-submission language editing on http://authors.elsevier.com/LanguageEditing.html .

Paper length: Research papers should be no longer than 20 double line spaced manuscript pages including figures and tables. Short communications should be no longer than 10 double line spaced manuscript pages including figures and tables.

Abstracts: A self contained abstract of approximately 100 words, outlining in a single paragraph the aims, scope and conclusions of the paper.

Keywords: Up to five keywords for indexing purposes should be included. The list can be found at the end of these instructions Keyword Listing. Each keyword should be accompanied by the capital letter denoting the category from which the keyword has been selected. For example: thermoacoustics (C); pulse tune (E),...

Text: Follow this order when typing manuscripts: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Keywords, Main text (introduction, methods, results and discussion), Acknowledgements, Appendix, References, Figure Captions, Tables and then illustrations. Do not import the Figures or Tables into your text. The corresponding author should be identified with an asterisk and footnote. All other footnotes (except for table footnotes) should be identified with superscript Arabic numbers. Trade names should have an initial capital letter.

Units: All measurements and data should be given in SI units, or if SI units do not exist, in an internationally accepted unit. If you use any symbol or unit that may not be generally recognized, please include an explanatory footnote for the first time it is used, to help referees, editors and readers. It is also helpful to identify Greek symbols by name in the margin for the first time they appear.

Mathematical and technical settings: Detailed mathematical discussion should be placed in an appendix. Equations and formulae should be typewritten wherever possible. Equations should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numbers in parentheses on the right hand side of the page. Special symbols should be identified in the margin, and the meaning of all symbols should be explained in the text where they first occur. If several symbols are used, a list of definitions (not necessarily for publication) will help the editor. Type or mark equations exactly as they should appear in print.

References: All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. In the text refer to references by a number in square brackets on the line (e.g. Since Yamaguchi et al. [1]), and the full reference should be given in a numerical list at the end of the paper. Journal titles are to be abbreviated where appropriate.

References should be given in the following form:

[1] Yamaguchi S, Seo K, Morita M. A small-scale experiment demonstrating the current lead resistance method of preventing a current imbalance. Cryogenics 1998;38(9):875-80.
[2] Demachi K, Tsumori H, Miya K. Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop Critical Current Superconductors, May 1996. p. 253-266.
[3] Roark RJ, Young WC. Formulas for stress and strain. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975.

Tables: Tables should be numbered consecutively and given a suitable caption and each table typed on a separate sheet. Footnotes to tables should be typed below the table and should be referred to by superscript lowercase letters. No vertical rules should be used. Tables should not duplicate results presented elsewhere in the manuscript, (e.g. in graphs).

5. Illustrations

For electronic submission, all figures must be in digital form (minimum 300dpi). Scale marks should be printed in all micrographs. Please see http://authors.elsevier.com/locate/authorartwork for full details.

Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions on a separate sheet, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

6. Colour Illustrations (Print)
Illustrations can be printed in colour when they are judged by the Editor to be essential to the presentation. The publisher and author will each bear part of the extra costs involved.

7. Colour Illustrations (Web)
If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork

Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to 'grey scale' (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white prints corresponding to all the colour illustrations.

8. Proofs

Proofs in PDF format will be sent to the corresponding author via e-mail and should be returned within 48 hours of receipt. Corrections should be restricted to typesetting errors.

9. Copyright

All authors must sign the "Transfer of Copyright" agreement before the article can be published. This will be sent to the corresponding author after the manuscript is accepted for publication. Authors are responsible for obtaining from the copyright holder permission to reproduce any material for which copyright already exists.

10. Offprints

Twenty-five offprints will be supplied free of charge. Further offprints can be ordered at a specially reduced rate using the order form sent to the corresponding author after the manuscript has been accepted. Orders for reprints will incur a 50% surcharge.

11. Author Enquiries

For enquiries relating to the submission of articles (including electronic submission), the status of accepted manuscripts through our Online Tracking Feature, author Frequently Asked Questions and any other enquiries relating to Elsevier, please consult http://authors.elsevier.com. For specific enquires on the preparation of electronic artwork, consult http://authors.elsevier.com/artwork.

Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, are provided when an article is accepted for publication.

12. Keyword Listing Back to Instructions

Keywords for Cryogenics

Authors should select a maximum of five keywords. Each keyword should be accompanied by the capital letter denoting the category from which the keyword has been selected. For example: thermoacoustics (C); pulse tube (E),?

A. Type of Materials and Components

Adsorbents
Cable in conduit conductors
Ceramics
Composite conductors
Composites
Epoxy
High Tc superconductors
Joints
Magnetic
Metals
Multifilament wires and tapes
Polymers
Processing
Semiconductors
Structural materials
Superconducting cables
Superconductors
Thin films

B. Types of Fluid

Argon
Gas mixtures
3He
3He-4He mixtures
Helium vapour
Hydrogen
Liquid helium
LNG
Methane
Neon
Nitrogen
Normal helium (He I)
Oxygen
Supercritical helium
Superfluid helium (He II)
Xenon

C. Phenomena and Properties

AC losses
Convection
Critical current density
Critical field
Critical temperature
Current sharing
Dielectric properties
Electrical conductivity
Electromagnetic phenomena
Fluid dynamics
Flux pinning and creep
Forced flow
Heat capacity
Heat transfer
Josephson junctions
Joule-Thomson coefficient
Magnetoresistance
Mechanical properties
Optical properties
Phase transitions
Propagation velocity
Quench
Radiant properties
Stability
State properties
Stress effects
Thermal conductivity
Thermal expansion
Thermoacoustics
Thermodynamics
Training
Transport properties
Two-phase flow
Vapour pressure

D. Experimental methods and techniques

Calibration
Calorimeters
Cryoelectronics
Flow meters
Flow visualization
Fluid acquisition
Infrared detectors
Instrumentation
Level detection
Magnetic measurements
Optical techniques
Pressure sensors
SQUIDS
Temperature sensors

E. Cryogenic refrigeration

Adiabatic demagnetization
Brayton cycle
Claude cycle
Cold compressors
Cycle optimization
Dilution
Ericcson
Expanders
Gifford-McMahon
He II systems
3He systems
Heat exchangers
Joule-Thomson coolers
Magnetic refrigeration
Pulse tube
Pumps
Regenerators
Solvay cycle
Sorption coolers
Stirling
Vuilleumier cycle

F. Applications/devices

Accelerator magnets
Cryobiology
Cryogen free magnets
Cryostats
Cryosurgery
Current leads
Detector magnets
Digital electronics
Fault current limiters
Flux pumps
Fusion magnets
Magnetic levitation
Magnetic shielding
MHD magnets
MRI magnets
NMR magnets
Power applications
RF applications
RF filters
Rotating electric machinery
SMES
Space cryogenics
SQUID systems
Structural supports
Superconducting bearings
Superconducting magnets
Transformers
Transmission lines
Tribology