Environmental and Experimental Botany publishes research papers on the physical, chemical and biological mechanisms and processes that relate the performance of plants to their abiotic and biotic environment. The experimental approaches should compare structural, physiological and/or ecological responses of genotypes, ecotypes, cultivars and/or ecological responses of genotypes, ecotypes, cultivars and/or assemblages of species.

Areas covered by the journal include: (1) Plant/soil interactions in the range of chemical and physical soil diversity; (2) Plant/water interactions concerning quality and quantity of water supply; (3) Responses of plants to radiation ranging from UV-B to infrared; (4) Plant/atmosphere relations, especially changing atmospheric chemistry; (5) Plant/plant, plant/microorganism, and/or plant/animal interactions emphasising the role of secondary metabolites, and (6) New methods for experimental approaches.

The experimental approaches should compare the structural, physiological and ecological responses of genotypes, ecotypes or assembly of species. Other models than plants are welcome if they interact with plants or provide knowledge which could be useful for plant science. Similarly in vitro studies may be described if they can be extrapolated to the whole plant. Each submitted manuscript should be based on an explicitly elaborated mechanical hypothesis.

Submission of manuscripts

Papers for consideration should be submitted online through http://ees.elsevier.com/eeb/

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher.

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/authors). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: contact ELSEVIER, Global Rights Department, P.O. Box 800, Oxford, OX5 1DX, UK; phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.com

Types of contribution
1. Original full papers (Regular Papers)
2. Review articles

Original papers should report the results of original research. The material should not have been previously published elsewhere, except in a preliminary form.

Reviews should cover a subject of active current interest. They are written on invitation or after initial contact with the Editor-in-Chief.

Enquiries
Authors can keep track on the progress of their accepted article, and set up e-mail alerts informing them of changes to their manuscript's status, by using the "Track a Paper" feature of Elsevier's http://www.elsevier.com/authors. For privacy, information on each article is password-protected. The author should key in the "Our Reference" code (which is in the letter of acknowledgement sent by the publisher on receipt of the accepted article) and the name of the corresponding author. In case of problems or questions, authors may contact the Author Service Department, E-mail: authorsupport@elsevier.com.

Preparation of manuscripts
1. Manuscripts should be written in English. Authors whose native language is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscripts checked by an English-speaking colleague prior to submission.

English language help service: Upon request, Elsevier will direct Authors to an agent who can check and improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact www.elsevier.com/locate/elsevierpublishing

2.The manuscript must be accompanied by a covering letter detailing what you are submitting (type of contribution, title, authors' names and affiliation, etc.). Please also indicate the author to whom we should address our correspondence in the case of multiple authors and include a contact address, telephone/fax numbers and E-mail address. Authors are requested to submit, with their manuscripts, the names, addresses and E-mail addresses of five potential referees (outside the country of origin of the authors) with their e-mail) who may or may not be contacted.

3. Manuscripts in general should be organized in the following order: Title (should be clear, descriptive and not too long)
Name(s) of (co-)author(s)
Complete postal address(es) of affiliations
Full telephone, Fax No. and E-mail address of the corresponding author
Present address(es) of author(s) if applicable
Complete correspondence address and E-mail address to which the proofs should be sent as a footnote indicated with an asterisk
Abstract followed by keywords (indexing terms), normally 3-6 items
Introduction
Material studied, area descriptions, methods, techniques
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments and any additional information concerning research grants, etc.
References
Tables
Figure captions

Authors in Japan please note
Upon request, Elsevier Japan will provide authors with a list of people who can check and if necessary improve the English of their paper (before submission). Please contact our Tokyo office:
Elsevier Japan
9-15, Higashi-Azabu 1-chome
Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0044
Japan
Tel:(+81) 3-5561-5032
Fax: (+81)3-5561-5045
E-mail: info@elsevier.co.jp

Abstracts
The abstract should be clear, descriptive and not longer than 400 words.

Tables
1. Authors should take notice of the limitations set by the size and lay-out of the journal. Large tables should be avoided. Reversing columns and rows will often reduce the dimensions of a table.

2. If many data are to be presented, an attempt should be made to divide them over two or more tables.

3. Tables should be numbered according to their sequence in the text. The text should include references to all tables.

4. Each table should be typewritten on a separate page of the manuscript. Tables should never be included in the text.

5. Each table should have a brief and self-explanatory title.

6. Column headings should be brief, but sufficiently explanatory. Standard abbreviations of units of measurement should be added between parentheses.

7. Vertical lines should not be used to separate columns. Leave some extra space between the columns instead.

8. Any explanation essential to the understanding of the table should be given as a footnote at the bottom of the table.

Electronic Artwork

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here

Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):


EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".
TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".


Please do not:
• Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
• Supply files that are optimised for screen use(like GIF,BMP,PIC,WPG) the resolution is too low ;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.


Colour Reproduction
If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. References
Note: Authors are strongly encouraged to check the accuracy of each reference against its original source.

1. All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of author's names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list.

2. In the text refer to the author's name (without initial) and year of publication, followed - if necessary - by a short reference to appropriate pages. Examples: "Since Peterson (1988) has shown that..." "This is in agreement with results obtained later (Kramer,1989, pp. 12-16)".

3. If reference is made in the text to a publication written by more than two authors the name of the first author should be used followed by "et al.". This indication, however, should never be used in the list of references. In this list names of first author and co-authors should be mentioned.

4. References cited together in the text should be arranged chronologically. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically on authors' names, and chronologically per author. If an author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors the following order should be used: publications of the single author, arranged according to publication dates -- publications of the same author with one co-author -- publications of the author with more than one co-author. Publications by the same author(s) in the same year should be listed as 1994a, 1994b, etc.

5. Use the following system for arranging your references, please note the proper position of the punctuation:

a.For periodicals
Chettri, M.K., Sawidis, T., Zachariadis, G.A., Stratis, J.A., 1997. Uptake of heavy metals by living and dead Cladonia thalli. Environ. Exp. Bot.37, 39-42.

b. For edited symposia, special issues, etc., published in a periodical
Rice, K., 1992. Theory and conceptual issues. In: Gall, G.A.E., Staton, M. (Eds.), Integrating Conservation Biology and Agricultural Production. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 42, 9-26.

c.For books
Gaugh, Jr., H.G., 1992. Statistical Analysis of Regional Field Trials. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

d.For multi-author books
DeLacy, I.H., Cooper, M., Lawrence, P.K., 1990. Pattern analysis over years of regional variety trials: relationship among sites. In: Kang, M.S. (Ed.), Genotype by Environment Interaction and Plant Breeding. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, pp. 189-213.

6.Abbreviate the titles of periodicals mentioned in the list of references according to the Bibliographic Guide for Editors & Authors (The Chemical Abstracts Service, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA).

7.In the case of publications in any language other than English, the original title is to be retained. However, the titles of publications in non-Roman alphabets should be transliterated, and a notation such as "(in Russian)" or "(in Greek, with English abstract)" should be added.

8.Work accepted for publication but not yet published should be referred to as "in press".

9.References concerning unpublished data and "personal communications" should not be cited in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text.

Formulae
1.Leave ample space around formulae in the manuscript.

2.Subscripts and superscripts should be clear.

3. Greek letters and other non-Roman or handwritten symbols should be explained in the margin where they are first used. Take special care to show clearly the difference between zero (0) and the letter O, and between one (1) and the letter l.

4. Give the meaning of all symbols immediately after the equation in which they are first used.

5. For simple fractions use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line.

6. Equations should be numbered serially at the right-hand side in parentheses. In general only equations explicitly referred to in the text need be numbered.

7. The use of fractional powers instead of root signs is recommended. Also powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp.

8. Levels of statistical significance which can be mentioned without further explanation are *P <0.05, **P <0.01 and ***P <0.001.

9. In chemical formulae, valence of ions should be given as, e.g., Ca2+, not as Ca++.

10. Isotope numbers should precede the symbols, e.g., ¹⁸O.

11. The repeated writing of chemical formulae in the text is to be avoided where reasonably possible; instead, the name of the compound should be given in full. Exceptions may be made in the case of a very long name occurring very frequently or in the case of a compound being described as the end product of a gravimetric determination (e.g., phosphate as P₂O₅).

Articles in Special Issues: Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added (in the list and text) to any references to other articles in this Special Issue.

Footnotes
1. Footnotes should only be used if absolutely essential. In most cases it should be possible to incorporate the information in normal text.

2. If used, they should be numbered in the text, indicated by superscript numbers, and kept as short as possible.

Nomenclature
1. Authors and editors are, by general agreement, obliged to accept the rules governing biological nomenclature, as laid down in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

2. All biotica (crops, plants, insects, birds, mammals, etc.) should be identified by their scientific names when the English term is first used,with the exception of common domestic animals. The authority of a species should only be given in the Materials and Methods section.

3. All biocides and other organic compounds must be identified by their Geneva names when first used in the text. Active ingredients of all formulations should be likewise identified.

4. For chemical nomenclature, the conventions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the official recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature should be followed.

Supplementary data
Elsevier now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier web products, including ScienceDirect: http://www.sciencedirect.com. In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data is provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. For more detailed instructions please visit http://www.elsevier.com/authors.

Offprints
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use.

Environmental and Experimental Botany has no page charges.

Revised: September 2005