Edited by R.S. Goldstein, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, USA
Description
Current concepts on mechanisms mediating chemically induced nephrotoxicity are rapidly evolving. This volume is focused on capturing
this rapidly growing field by providing a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of renal pathophysiology and toxicology, written by
internationally recognized experts in the field. The first section of this volume is designed to provide the reader with the needed background
information; including an overview of clinical nephrotoxicity, the anatomy and physiology of the kidney and urinary bladder, renal transport
mechanisms, xenobiotic metabolism, and in vivo and in vitro methods used to assess renal toxicity. Our current state
of knowledge on the pathophysiology and biochemistry of acute renal failure, renal and urinary bladder carcinogenesis, and immune-mediated
renal injury are covered in detail. The role of vasoactive substances, cell adhesion molecules, oxidative stress/antioxidants and membrane
changes in composition/fluidity in mediating nephrotoxic, and ischemic renal injury are reviewed and provide the reader with the conceptual
framework for understanding key mechanisms of renal injury. In addition, the role of gene expression and growth factors in renal injury
and repair are discussed. The response of each of the major segments of the nephron to a toxic insult is discussed in detail; with chapters
devoted to mechanisms mediating injury to the glomerulus, proximal tubule, collecting duct and papilla and the tubulointerstitium. Various
nephrotoxicants are discussed in detail with an emphasis on pathophysiologic and morphologic effects and mechanisms of toxicity. Wherever
possible, the relevance of experimental findings to human exposure is covered.
Contents
Overview of clinical nephrotoxicity (W.M. Bennett). Functional anatomy of the kidney (J.M. Sands, J.W. Verlander). Functional anatomy
of the mammalian urinary bladder (M.L. Zeidel). Renal tubular transport of organic anions and cations (W.H. Dantzler, S.H. Wright). Xenobiotic
metabolism (E.A. Lock). Methods to evaluate renal function (L.B. Kinter, J.B. Tarloff). Acute renal failure (M. Brezis, D. Dinour). The
tubulointerstitium as a target (J.R. Diamond, S.D. Ricardo). Adaptation in progression of renal injury (A. Fogo). Vasoactive substances
as mediators of renal injury (K.F. Badr). The glomerulus: mechanisms of injury (G. Remuzzi, M. Abbate). The proximal tubule as a target
(C.E. Ruegg). Biochemical mechanisms of proximal tubular cell death (R.G. Schnellmann, G.W. Miller). The renal medulla and distal nephron
toxicity (P.H. Bach). Membrane fluidity and composition (B.A. Molitoris). Cell adhesion molecules in renal injury (M.S. Goligorsky, E.
Noiri, J. Gailit, H.R. Brady, V. Romanov). Immune response of the kidney (G.C. Groggel). Carcinogenic response of the kidney (S.L. Eustis).
Carcinogenic response of the bladder (T.V. Zenser, V.M. Lakshmi, B.B. Davis). Glutathione status and other antioxidant defence mechanisms
(L.H. Lash). Molecular events in ischemic renal injury and repair (J.V. Bonventre, R. Witzgall). Gene expression following nephrotic
exposure (R.L. Safirstein). In vitro toxicity systems (S.M. Ford). Nephrotoxicity of β-lactam antibiotics (B.M. Tune). Amphotericin
B (R.A. Branch, J.F. Bernardo). Aminoglycosides nephrotoxicity (C. Cojocel). Antineoplastic agents (G.H.I. Wolfgang, M.E.I. Leibrandt).
Radiocontrast agents (G.L. Bakris). Cyclosporine (J. Mason, L.C. Moore). Analgesics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (J.B. Tarloff).
Halogenated hydrocarbons (A.A. Elfarra). Bromobenzene nephrotoxicity: a model of metabolism-dependent toxicity (S.S. Lau, T.J. Monks).
Renal toxicity of mercury (R.K. Zalups). Other metals (B.A. Fowler, K. S. Squibb). Succinimides (G.O. Rankin). Zu-globulin nephrotoxicity
(L.D. Lehman-McKeeman).
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