Edited by R.S. McCuskey D.L. Earnest, Univerity of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Description This volume, which is separated into two parts, presents important new information concerning mechanisms of effect and consequences of
exposure of the liver and gastrointestinal tract to a wide variety of toxicants. Both sections on the liver and GI tract provide the
reader with concise introductory descriptions of relevant cellular and organ anatomy, physiology, and mechanisms of toxic injury. Specific
consideration is given to methods of toxin exposure and to processes that provide defence against injury. The discussions provide a broad
focus but also contain details about molecular, cellular, and biochemical mechanisms.
The section on the liver (34 chapters) provides
a comprehensive review of the toxic effects of a wide variety of specific compounds including volatile hydrocarbons, anesthetic agents,
drugs of therapeutic value as well as of abuse, heavy metals, natural compounds etc. The section on the gastrointestinal tract (15 chapters),
presenting toxicology of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon, represents the first major reference work available that
provides both a broad overview of the effect of toxicants on the mucosal, motility, and immune functions of the GI tract as well as specific
information about specific toxicants. The final chapter presents an overview of clinical toxicology in animals with specific focus on
the liver and gastrointestinal systems.
This volume is of specific interest and use to those concerned with environmental and industrial
toxicology, as well as with mechanisms of toxicant injury and clinical medicine.
Contents
Section 1: Hepatic Toxicology. Introduction to the liver and its responses to toxicants (I.G. Sipes, R.S. McCuskey). Structure
and function of hepatic parenchymal cells (E.L. Cardell, R.R. Cardell). Hepatic nonparenchymal cells: endothelial cells, Kupffer cells,
fat-storing cells, and pit cells (R.S. McCuskey, E. Wisse). Cells of the liver: biliary epithelium (S.A. Levine, N.R. LaRusso). Xenobiotic
metabolism by the liver (F.C. Kauffman). Evaluation of hepatotoxicity: physiological and biochemical measures of hepatic function (G.
L. Plaa, H.J. Zimmerman). Pathological response to toxic injury (P. De la Motte Hall). Xenobiotic-induced inflammation and injury in
the liver (D.L. Laskin). Carcinogenic responses to toxic liver injury in rodents (G.M. Williams). Antioxidant defense mechanisms (H.
Jaeschke). Proteases and transcription factors: cutting edge determinants of the proliferative or apoptotic response in hepatic tissue
(D. Kaplan, R.F. Novak). Hepatic defenses against toxicity: regeneration (H.M. Mehendale, K.N. Thakore, D. Chanda, A. Dalu, S. Kulkarni,
P.S. Rao, R.S. Mangipudy). In vitro methods (B.G. Lake). Carbon tetrachloride (J.A. Castro, G.D. Castro). Volatile halogenated
hydrocarbons (J.B. Wijeweera). Hexachlorobenzene: effects on porphyrin metabolism (M. Charbonneau). Hepatotoxicity of the fluorinated
anesthetic agent (M.T. Baker). Role of Kupffer cells, endotoxin and free radicals in mediating hepatotoxicity due to alcohol (R.G. Thurman,
B.U. Bradford, Y. Iimuro, K.T. Knecht, H.D. Connor, Y. Adachi, C. Wall, G.E. Arteel, J.A. Raleigh, D.T. Forman, R.P. Mason). Cocaine
hepatotoxicity (R.D. Harbison, R.P. Demott). Acetaminophen (S.D. Cohen, D.J. Hoivik, E.A. Khairallah). Effects of chlorpromazine on the
liver (H.J. Zimmerman). Nitrofurantoin (H.J. Zimmerman). Isoniazid (T.C. Sarich, J.M. Wright). Pesticides (E. Hodgson, S.A. Meyer). Hepatotoxicity
of copper, iron, and cadmium (C.D. Klaassen, P.L. Goering). Aflatoxin toxicology (D.L. Eaton, J.T. Heinonen). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
(R.J. Huxtable). Bacterial endotoxin (K.F. Decker). α-Naphthylisothiocyanate (P.E. Ganey, R.A. Roth, L.J. Dahm). Allyl alcohol (P.E.
Ganey, R.A. Roth, L.J. Dahm). Bromobenzene hepatotoxicity: a paradigm of reactive electrophilic metabolites binding covalently to tissue
macromolecules. Is there light at the end of the tunnel? (T.J. Monks, S.S. Lau). D-galactosamine (K. Decker). Thioacetamide (H.M. Mehendale,
S. Chanda). The hepatotoxicity of Vitamin A (All-trans-Retinol) (I.G. Sipes, J.M. Sauer, D.A. Badger).
Section 2: Gastrointestinal
Toxicology. Gastrointestinal system: introduction (D.L. Earnest). Anatomy (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon) (A.V. LeBouton).
Gastrointestinal system: overview of physiology (E.D. Jacobson). The gastrointestinal tract immune system (F. Shanahan). The metabolic
barrier of the gastrointestinal tract (P.B. Watkins). Pathophysiological mechanisms of gastrointestinal toxicity (T.F. Burks II). Interaction
of toxicants with gastrointestinal tract microbial flora (G.L. Simon, S.L. Gorbach). Toxicants and gastrointestinal tract cellular proliferation
and cancer (M.J. Wargovich). Sources of gastrointestinal tract toxins (food, industrial, and environmental chemicals, metals) (K.K. Rozman,
M. Viluksela). Absorption, enterohepatic circulation and fecal excretion of toxicants (C.D. Klaassen, J.B. Watkins III). Clinical toxicity
of common drugs and chemicals: esophagus (D.O. Castell). Clinical toxicity of common drugs and chemicals in humans: stomach (S. Szabo,
A. Vincze). Small bowel toxicology (D.J. Bjorkman). Clinical toxicity of common drugs and chemicals: colon (D.L. Earnest). In vitro
and in vivo models of gastrointestinal toxicology (R. Bird). Clinical toxicology in animals (S.B. Hooser).
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