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By Joseph Yiu, Staff Engineer, ARM Ltd., Cambridge, UK
Description This user's guide does far more than simply outline the ARM Cortex-M3 CPU features; it explains step-by-step how to program and implement
the processor in real-world designs. It teaches readers how to utilize the complete and thumb instruction sets in order to obtain the
best functionality, efficiency, and reuseability. The author, an ARM engineer who helped develop the core, provides many examples and
diagrams that aid understanding. Quick reference appendices make locating specific details a snap!
Whole chapters are dedicated to:
Debugging using the new CoreSight technology
Migrating effectively from the ARM7
The Memory Protection Unit
Interfaces, Exceptions,Interrupts
...and much more!
Audience
Embedded Software, Hardware and Systems Engineers, Programmers, Designers, Developers and Architects, Embedded Product Developers, Upper-level
Undergraduate and Graduate Students in Electrical & Computer Engineering
Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction
*What is the Cortex-M3 Processor?
*Background of ARM and ARM Architecture
*Background
*Architecture Versions
*Processor Naming
*Instruction Set development
*Thumb?-2 Instruction Set
*Cortex-M3 processor applications
*Organization of
this book
*Further Reading
Chapter 2 - Overview of the Cortex-M3 Processor
Fundamental
*Registers
*Operation Modes
*Built-in
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller
*Memory Map
*Bus Interface
*Memory Protection Unit (MPU)
*Instruction Set
*Interrupt &
Exception
*Debug support
*Characteristics Summary
Chapter 3 – Cortex-M3 Processor Basics
*Registers
*Special registers
*Operation
Mode
*Exceptions and Interrupts
*Vector Table
*Stack memory operations
*Reset sequence
Chapter 4 – Instruction Set
*Assembly
basics
*Assembler language – Basic syntax
*Assembler language – Use of Suffixes
*Assembler language – Unified Assembler Language
*Instruction list
*16-bit data processing instructions
*16-bit branch instructions
*16-bit Load and Store instructions
*Other
16-bit instructions
*32-bit data processing instructions
*32-bit Load and Store instructions
*32-bit Branch instructions
*Other
32-bit instructions
*Unsupported Instructions
*Instruction Descriptions
*Several useful instructions in the Cortex-M3 processor
*MSR, MRS
*IT (If Then)
*CBZ, CBNZ
*SDIV, UDIV
*REV, REVH, REVSH
*RBIT
*SXTB, SXTH, UXTB, UXTH
*BFC, BFI
*UBFX, SBFX
*LDRD, STRD
*TBB, TBH
Chapter 5 - Memory System
*Memory System Features Overview
*Memory Map
*Memory Access Attributes
*Default
Memory Access Permissions
*Bit band operation
*Advantages of bit band operations
*Bit Band operation of different data size
*Bit
Band operation in C Programs
*Unaligned Transfers
*Exclusive accesses
*Endian
Chapter 6 - Cortex-M3 Processor Implementation Overview
*Pipeline
*Detailed Block diagram
*Bus interfaces on the Cortex-M3 processor
*I-CODE bus
*D-CODE bus
*System Bus
*External
Private Peripheral Bus (External PPB)
*DAP (Debug Access Port) Bus
*Other interfaces in Cortex-M3
*External Private Peripheral
Bus
*Typical connections
*Reset signals
Chapter 7 - Exceptions
*Exception Types
*Definitions of priority
*Vector Table
*Interrupt
inputs and pending behaviors
*Faults exceptions
*Bus faults
*Memory Management Fault
*Usage Fault
*Hard Fault
*Dealing with
faults
*SVC and PendSV
Chapter 8 - NVIC and Interrupt Control
*NVIC Overview
*Basic Interrupt Configuration
*Interrupt Enable
and Clear Enable
*Interrupt Pending and Clear Pending
*Priority Level
*Active Status
*PRIMASK and FAULTMASK special registers
*BASEPRI special register
*Configuration registers for other exceptions
*Example procedures of setting up an interrupt
*Software
interrupts
*SYSTICK timer
Chapter 9 - Interrupt Behavior
*Interrupt/exception sequence
*Exception Exit
*Nested Interrupt
*Tail
chaining interrupt
*Late arrival
*More on the Exception Return (EXC_RETURN) value
*Interrupt Latency
*Faults related to Interrupts
Chapter 10 – Cortex-M3 Processor Programming
Overview
*Using Assembly
*Using C
*Interface between assembly and C
*Typical development
flow
*The first step
*Producing Outputs
*Hello World Example
*Using Data memory
*Using Exclusive access for semaphore
*Using
bit band for semaphore
*Working with Bit Field Extract and Table Branch
Chapter 11 – Exceptions Programming
*Using Interrupts
*Stack setup
*Vector table setup
*Interrupt Priority Setup
*Enable the interrupt
*Exception/Interrupt Handler
*Software Interrupts
*Example with Exception handlers
*Using SVC
*Using SVC for output functions
*Using SVC with C
Chapter 12 – Advance Programming
Features & System Behavior
*Running system with two separate stacks
*Double Word Stack alignment
*Non-base thread enable
*Performance
Consideration
*LOCKUP situations
*Avoid Lockup
Chapter 13 – Memory Protection Unit (MPU)
Overview
*MPU Registers
*Setting up
MPU
*Typical setup
Chapter 14 – Other Cortex-M3 Processor Features
SYSTICK timer
*Power Management
*Multiprocessor communication
(SEV and WFE)
*Self Reset Control
Chapter 15 – Debug Architecture
*Debug features overview
*CoreSight overview
*Processor debug
interface
*Debug Host interface
*DP module, AP module and DAP
*Trace interface
*CoreSight characteristics
*Debug modes
*Debug
events
*Breakpoint in Cortex-M3
*Accessing Registers' content in debug
*Other core debug features
Chapter 16 – Debug Components
*Introduction
*Trace system in the Cortex-M3 Processor
*Trace components - Data Watchpoint and Trace (DWT)
*Trace components
- Instrumentation Trace *Macrocell (ITM)
*Software Trace with ITM
*Hardware Trace with ITM and DWT
*ITM Timestamp
*Trace components
- Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM)
*Trace components - Trace Port Interface Unit (TPIU)
*Flash Patch and Breakpoint (FPB) Unit
*AHB
Access Port (AHB-AP)
*ROM Table
Chapter 17 – Getting Started with Cortex-M3 Processor Development
*Choosing a Cortex-M3 product
*Differences between Cortex-M3 revision 0 and revision 1
*Development Tools
Chapter 18 – Porting Applications from ARM7 to the Cortex-M3
Processor
*Overview
*System characteristics
*Assembly language files
*C program files
*Precompiled Object files
*Optimization
Chapter 19 – Starting Cortex-M3 development using GNU Tool Chain
*Background
*Getting GNU Tool Chain
*Development flow
*Example
1 - The first program
*Example 2 – Linking multiple files together
*Example 3 – A simple hello world program
*Example 4 – Data
in RAM
*Example 5 – C only, without assembly file
*Example 6 – C only, with standard C startup code
*Accessing special registers
*Using unsupported instructions
*In-line assembler in GNU C Compiler
Chapter 20 – Getting started with the RealView? Microcontroller
Development Kit
*Overview of RealView Microcontroller Development Kit
*Getting start with Vision
*Output ?Hello world?
message via UART
*Testing the software
*Using the debugger
*Instruction Set Simulator
*Modifying the vector table
*Stopwatch
Example with Interrupts
Appendix I Cortex-M3 Instructions Summary
*Supported 16-bit Thumb instructions
*Supported 32-bit Thumb-2
instructions
Appendix II – 16-bit Thumb Instructions and architecture versions
Appendix III – Cortex-M3 Exceptions Quick Reference
*Exceptions types and Enable
*Stack contents after Exception Stacking
Appendix IV - NVIC Registers Quick Reference
Appendix V Cortex-M3
Trouble Shooting Guide
Overview
*Developing Fault Handler
*Understanding cause of the fault
*Other possible problems
Index
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