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By Octavian Catuneanu, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Description Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy provides an in-depth coverage and impartial assessment of all current ideas and models
in the field of sequence stratigraphy. Even though widely popular among all groups interested in the analysis of sedimentary basin fills,
both in academia and in the industry, sequence stratigraphy is yet a difficult undertaking due to an overwhelming jargon and the persistence
of conflicting approaches as to how the sequence stratigraphic method should be applied to the rock record. This textbook examines the
relationship between such conflicting approaches from the perspective of a unifying platform, demonstrating that sufficient common ground
exists to eliminate terminology barriers and to facilitate communication between all practitioners of sequence stratigraphy.
This
work is not only a review of past and current literature, but also includes key original viewpoints and is illustrated with new graphic
material and numerous field examples of outcrop, core, well log and 3D seismic data in full colour. The book is addressed to anyone interested
in understanding and applying the method of sequence stratigraphic analysis, from students to geologists, geophysicists and reservoir
engineers. Sequence stratigraphy remains the most recent paradigm in the broad field of sedimentary geology, with tremendous potential
to deciphering the record of global change and to improving the success of economic exploration.
Audience
Researchers and professionals Upper graduate and graduate students, as well as upper graduate and graduate students in stratigraphy, sedimentology,
petroleum peology and engineering, economic geology, coal geology, seismic exploration, precambrian geology, and mining geology and engineering
Contents 1. Introduction
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY-AN OVERVIEW
Sequence Stratigraphy in the Context of Interdisciplinary Research
Sequence Stratigraphy-A
Revolution in Sedimentary Geology
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
Early Developments
Sequence Stratigraphy Era-Eustatic
vs. Tectonic Controls on Sedimentation
Sequence Models
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC APPROACH
Terminology
Concept of Scale
Sequence Stratigraphy
vs. Lithostratigraphy and Allostratigraphy
2. Methods of Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis
INTRODUCTION
FACIES ANALYSIS: OUTCROPS, CORE,
AND MODERN ANALOGUES
Concepts of Depositional System, Facies, and Facies Models
Classification of Depositional Environments
Walther's
Law
Sedimentary Petrography
Paleocurrent Directions
Pedology
Ichnology
General Principles
Ichnofacies Classification
Softground-related
Ichnofacies
Substrate-controlled Ichnofacies
Discussion
WELL LOGS
Introduction
Well Logs: Geological Uncertainties
Constraining
Well-log Interpretations
SEISMIC DATA
Introduction
Physical Attributes of Seismic Data
Workflow of Seismic Data Analysis
Reconnaissance
Studies
Interval Attribute Maps
Horizon Attribute Maps
3D Perspective Visualization
AGE DETERMINATION TECHNIQUES
WORKFLOW OF SEQUENCE
STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Step 1-Tectonic Setting (Type of Sedimentary Basin)
Step 2--Paleodepositional Environments
Step 3--Sequence
Stratigraphic Framework
Stratal Terminations
Stratigraphic Surfaces
Systems Tracts and Sequences
3. Accommodation and Shoreline
Shifts
INTRODUCTION
ALLOGENIC CONTROLS ON SEDIMENTATION
Significance of Allogenic Controls
Signatures of Allogenic Controls
Relative
Importance of Allogenic Controls
SEDIMENT SUPPLY AND ENERGY FLUX
Sediment Supply
Sediment Supply vs. Environmental Energy Flux
SEDIMENT
ACCOMMODATION
Definitions-Accommodation, Base Level, and Fluvial Graded Profiles
Proxies for Base Level and Accommodation
Changes
in Accommodation
SHORELINE TRAJECTORIES
Definitions
Transgressions
Forced Regressions
Normal Regressions
4. Stratigraphic Surfaces
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF STRATAL TERMINATIONS
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC SURFACES
Subaerial Unconformity
Correlative Conformity
Basal Surface
of Forced Regression
Regressive Surface of Marine Erosion
Maximum Regressive Surface
Maximum Flooding Surface
Transgressive Ravinement
Surfaces
Wave-Ravinement Surface
Tidal-Ravinement Surface
WITHIN-TREND FACIES CONTACTS
Within-trend Normal Regressive Surface
Within-trend
Forced Regressive Surface
Within-trend Flooding Surface
5. Systems Tracts
INTRODUCTION
HIGHSTAND SYSTEMS TRACT
Definition and Stacking
Patterns
Economic Potential
Petroleum Plays
Coal Resources
Placer Deposits
FALLING-STAGE SYSTEMS TRACT
Definition and Stacking
Patterns
Economic Potential
Petroleum Plays
Coal Resources
Placer Deposits
LOWSTAND SYSTEMS TRACT
Definition and Stacking Patterns
Economic Potential
Petroleum Plays
Coal Resources
Placer Deposits
TRANSGRESSIVE SYSTEMS TRACT
Definition and Stacking Patterns
Economic Potential
Petroleum Plays
Coal Resources
Placer Deposits
REGRESSIVE SYSTEMS TRACT
Definition and Stacking Patterns
Economic
Potential
LOW- AND HIGH-ACCOMMODATION SYSTEMS TRACTS
Definition and Stacking Patterns
Low-Accommodation Systems Tract
High-Accommodation
Systems Tract
Discussion
Economic Potential
Petroleum Plays
Coal Resources
Placer Deposits
6. Sequence Models
INTRODUCTION
TYPES
OF STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCES
Depositional Sequence
Genetic Stratigraphic Sequence
Transgressive-Regressive (T-R) Sequence
Parasequences
SEQUENCES IN FLUVIAL SYSTEMS
Introduction
Fluvial Cyclicity Controlled by Base-level Changes
Fluvial Cyclicity Independent of Base-level
Changes
Climatic Cycles
Tectonic Cycles
Low- vs. High-Accommodation Settings
SEQUENCES IN COASTAL TO SHALLOW-WATER CLASTIC SYSTEMS
Introduction
Physical Processes
Sediment Supply and Transport Mechanisms
Zonation of the Coastal - Shallow-marine Profile
Sediment
Budget: Fairweather vs. Storm Conditions
Cyclicity of Coastal to Shallow-water Systems in Relation to Shoreline Shifts
Normal Regressive
Settings
Forced Regressive Settings
Transgressive Settings
Summary
SEQUENCES IN DEEP-WATER CLASTIC SYSTEMS
Introduction
Physical
Processes
Progradation of Shelf-edge Deltas
Gravity Flows
Depositional Elements
Submarine-canyon Fills
Turbidity-flow Channel Fills
Turbidity-flow Levees and Overbank Sediment Waves
Turbidity-flow Splay Complexes
Mudflow (Cohesive Debris Flow) Macroforms
Cyclicity
of Deep-water Systems in Relation to Shoreline Shifts
Highstand Normal Regressions
Early Forced Regressions
Late Forced Regressions
Lowstand Normal Regressions
Early Transgressions
Late Transgressions
Summary
SEQUENCES IN CARBONATE SYSTEMS
Introduction
The Carbonate
Sequence Stratigraphic Model
Drowning Unconformities
Highstand Systems Tracts
Falling-stage-Lowstand Systems Tracts
Transgressive
Systems Tracts
Discussion: Sequence Boundaries in Carbonate Successions
7. Time Attributes of Stratigraphic Surfaces
INTRODUCTION
REFERENCE CURVE FOR THE DEFINITION OF STRATIGRAPHIC SURFACES
SHORELINE SHIFTS, GRADING, AND BATHYMETRY
Controls on Sediment Grading
and Water-depth Changes
Discussion
METHODS OF DEFINITION OF STRATIGRAPHIC SURFACES
Introduction
Correlative Conformities
Onset-of-fall
Correlative Conformity
End-of-fall Correlative Conformity
Maximum Regressive and Maximum Flooding Surfaces
Definition
Two-dimensional
Model
Model Results
Strike Variability
Discussion
SUMMARY: TIME ATTRIBUTES OF STRATIGRAPHIC SURFACES
Subaerial Unconformity
Correlative
Conformity
Basal Surface of Forced Regression
Regressive Surface of Marine Erosion
Maximum Regressive Surface
Maximum Flooding Surface
Transgressive Ravinement Surfaces
Within-trend Facies Contacts
Conclusions
8. Hierarchy of Sequences and Sequence Boundaries
INTRODUCTION
HIERARCHY SYSTEM BASED ON CYCLE DURATION (BOUNDARY FREQUENCY)
HIERARCHY SYSTEM BASED ON THE MAGNITUDE OF BASE-LEVEL CHANGES
DISCUSSION
9. Discussion and Conclusions
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
Scope and Applications
The Importance of Shoreline Shifts
Theory vs. Reality
in Sequence Stratigraphy
The Importance of the Tectonic Setting
Uses and Abuses in Sequence Stratigraphy
PRECAMBRIAN VS. PHANEROZOIC
SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
MOVING FORWARD TOWARD STANDARDIZING SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
CONCLUDING REMARKS
REFERENCES
AUTHOR INDEX
Subject
index
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