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Edited By P. Lionello, University of Lecce, Italy Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, U.S.A. R. Boscolo, Instituto de Investigaciones Marines, Vigo, Spain
Description This multi-authored book provides an updated description of climate variability in the Mediterranean basin, focusing on decadal and centennial
time scales and on the results available on the impact of future emission scenarios at regional scale. The authors describs both local
physical processes responsible for these variability - such as changes in the surface properties and land use- and globalprocesses -
such as changes in the large scale atmospheric circulation associated to global warming, NAO, tropical monsoon and ENSO. Regional climate
change issues are also addressed.
Mediterranean Climate Variability aims to review the research on this region and
to provide at the same time both an introduction and a reference for researchers. It covers topics typical of Climatology, Climate history,
Meteorology, Oceanography, Environmental Science but the information here provided would also be useful for research in agriculture,
social and economic studies. It is addressed to scientists and students interested in the Mediterranean climate and environment. Some
topics have interesting connections to nearby regions: Northern Atlantic, West Africa, central and Eastern Europe. Each chapter will
contain a summary meant to provide information to policy makers, researchers from other fields, and in general to a wide audience without
a technical expertise on climate.
Audience
geologists, earth and environmental scientists
Contents
1. Mediterranean Climate Variability over the last Centuries: a Review.
1. Introduction.
2. Past Regional Mediterranean
Climate Evidence and Extremes.
3. Large Scale Climate Reconstructions and Importance of Proxy Data for the Mediterranean.
4. Mediterranean
Winter Temperature and Precipitation Variability over the last 500 Years.
5. Connection Between the Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation
and Mediterranean Winter Climate Over the last Centuries.
6. Teleconnection Studies with other parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
7. Mediterranean
winter temperature and precipitation reconstructions in comparison with the ECHO-G and HadCM3 Models.
8. Conclusions.
9. Outlook.
Acknowledgements.
References.
2. Relations Between Climate Variability in the Mediterranean Region and the Tropics: ENSO, South Asian and African
Monsoons, Hurricanes and Saharan Dust.
1. Introduction.
2. ENSO Impact on Mediterranean Climate.
3. South Asian Monsoon Variability
and the Mediterranean Climate.
4. African Monsoon Impact on the Climate of the Mediterranean.
5. Tropical Cyclones' Impact on the Mediterranean
Climate.
6. Tropical Intrusions into the Mediterranean Basin.
7. Mediterranean dust transport from Sahara.
8. Conclusions and outlook.
Acknowledgments.
References.
3. Relations Between Variability in the Mediterranean Region and Mid-Latitude Variability.
1. Introduction,.
2. Modes of Atmospheric Circulation and their Impact.
3.Temperature Variability.
4. Precipitation Variability.
5. Trends.
6. Other Important Forcing Factors.
7. Future Outlook.
Acknowledgments.
References.
4. Changes in the Oceanography of the Mediterranean
sea and their link to Climate Variability.
1. Introduction.
2. The forcing of the Mediterranean Sea.
3. The Mediterranean Overturning
Circulation.
4. Climatic Changes in the Mediterranean Sea circulation.
5. The impact of large scale atmospheric variability on the Mediterranean
Sea.
6. Sea Level changes in the Mediterranean Sea.
7. Changes in the wind-wave field.
8. Outlook and Future Challenges.
Acknowledgements.
References.
5. The Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea as Connected System.
1. Introduction.
2. Mediterranean outflow vs.
Mediterranean internal variability.
3. The Strait of Gibraltar: a gate to the Atlantic.
4. Spreading of Mediterranean Outflow Water in
the North Atlantic.
5. Discussion and Future challenges.
References.
6. Cyclones in the Mediterranean Region: Climatology and
Effects on the Environment.
1. Introduction.
2. Mediterranean Cyclone: Data, Methods and Dynamics.
3. Climatology of Cyclones
in the Mediterranean.
4. Weather Patterns and Mediterranean Environment.
5. Conclusions.
6. Outlook.
Acknowledgements.
References.
7.
Regional Atmospheric, Marine Processes and Climate Modelling.
1. Introduction.
2. Teleconnections Petterns from the Mediterranean
Region.
3. Mediterranean Thermohaline Circulation and its Sensitivity to Atmospheric Forcing.
4. Sensitivity of the Mediterranean Thermohaline
Circulation to Anthropogenic Global Warming.
5. Current Status of Mediterranean Regional Climate Modelling.
6 Atmosphere-Sea Coupled
Modelling.
7. Perspectives and Outlooks.
Acknowledgements.
References.
8. The Mediterranean Climate Change Under Global Warming.
1. Introduction.
2. Global Coupled Climate Models.
3. Regional Climate Scenarios.
4. Impacts on Land Surface and Vegetation.
5. Future
Research.
References.
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