DATABASE TRANSACTION MODELS FOR ADVANCED APPLICATIONS
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Edited By Ahmed Elmagarmid
Description
This collection offers the reader a broad survey of the role of transaction processing in advanced computer applications.
It contains
an introduction to traditional transaction technology, and comprehensive descriptions of commercial systems and research projects.
This volume will help anyone interested in keeping up with database applications and the potential for transaction processing systems
to address the needs of OLTP, CAD, CASE, computer aided publishing, heterogeneous databases, active databases, communications, systems
and other areas.
For researchers, managers, software developers, professionals in the data processing fields, or anyone interested
in a coherent overview of this new and fast growing area of computer science.
Contents
Database Transaction Models for Advanced Applications Edited by Ahmed K. Elmagarmid
Foreword by Jim Gray
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Transaction Management in Database Systems
D. Agrawal and
A. El Abbadi
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Execution atomicity
1.2.1 Motivation
1.2.2 Serializability
1.2.3 Conflict Serializability
1.3 Failure Atomicity
1.3.1 Transaction Failures
1.3.2 System
Failures
1.4 Distributed Databases
1.5 Extensions to the Transaction Model
1.5.1 Multiversion
Databases
1.5.2 Nested Transaction Model
1.5.3 Transaction Models for Abstract Objects
1.6 Concluding
Remarks
2 Introduction to Advanced Transaction Models
Ahmed K. Elmagarmid, Yungho Leu,
James G. Mullen, and Omran Bukhres
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Advanced Transaction Models
2.2.1 Cooperative Transaction
Hierarchy
2.2.2 Cooperative SEE Transactions
2.2.3 DOM Transactions
2.2.4 A Transaction Model for an Open
Publication Environment
2.2.5 ConTract Model
2.2.6 Split-Transactions
2.2.7 Flex Transaction Model
2.2.8 ACTA
2.2.9 Transaction Tool Kits
2.2.10 S Transactions
2.2.11 Multilevel and Open Nested Transactions
2.2.12 Polytransactions
2.3 Summary of Transaction Models
3 A Cooperative Transaction
Model for Design Databases
Marian H. Nodine, Sridhar Ramaswamy, and Stanley B. Zdonik
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Characteristics of the Transaction Model
3.2.1 Hierarchical Organization of Transactions
3.2.2 Correctness
Criteria
3.2.3 Multi-copy versus Single-copy system
3.2.4 Operation-Based Recovery
3.3 The Model
3.3.1 Transaction Groups
3.3.2 Cooperative Transactions
3.3.3 Operations
3.3.4 Histories
3.4 Correctness
3.4.1 Patterns and Conflicts
3.4.2 LR(O) Grammars and DPDAs
3.4.3 Correct Transaction
Group Histories
3.5 Example
3.6 Synchronization
3.6.1 Algorithm
3.6.2 Example
3.6.3
Checkpointing
3.7 Recovery
3.7.1 Dependency Maintenance and Logging
3.7.2 Algorithm
3.8 Related Research
3.9 Summary
4 A Flexible Framework for Transaction Management in Engineering
Environments
Sandra Heiler, Sara Haradhvala, Stanley Zdonik, Barbara Blaustein, and Arnon Rosenthal
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Motivation
4.1.2 Summary of the Approach
4.1.3 An Example of Transaction Management in a Simple Organization
4.1.4 Related Work
4.2 The Model
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Semantics of Request Processing
4.2.3 Request Processing by the TMH
4.2.4 Framework Services and Their Interfaces
4.3 Protocols for
Software Engineering Environments-Approaches and Idioms
4.3.1 Specifying Protocols
4.3.2 Deadlock Prevention/Detection
4.3.3 Limiting Sharing
4.3.4 Triggering Copies and Merges
4.4 Results and Status
5
A Transaction Model for Active Distributed Object Systems
Alejandro Buchmann, M. Tamer Ozsu, Mark Hornick, Dimitrios
Georgakopoulos, and Frank A. Manola
5.1 Introduction
5.2 A Characterization of Transaction Schemes
5.2.1
Correctness Criteria
5.2.2 Transaction Models
5.3 The DOM Transaction Model
5.3.1 Example of a
DOM Transaction
5.3.2 Multitransactions
5.3.3 Nested Transactions
5.3.4 Compensating Transactions
5.3.5 Contingency Transactions
5.3.6 Vital and Non-vital Transactions
5.4 Formal Specification of
the Model
5.4.1 Summary of the ACTA Formalism
5.4.2 Multitransactions
5.4.3 Nested Transactions
5.4.4
Contingency Transactions
5.4.5 Compensating Transactions
5.5 Conclusions and Future Work
6 A Transaction Model for an Open Publication Environment
Peter Muth, Thomas C. Rakow, Wolfgang Klas,
and Erich J. Newhold
6.1 Overview
6.2 Introduction
6.3 The Architecture of the Publication Environment and
its Transaction Needs
6.3.1 Architecture
6.3.2 Requirements for the Transaction Model
6.4 Transaction
Model
6.4.1 Object-Oriented Serializability
6.4.2 Object-Oriented Concurrency Control
6.4.3 Recovery
6.5 Transactions in the Publication Environment
6.5.1 Transaction Execution
6.5.2 The Impact of Distribution
6.5.3 The Impact of Heterogeneity
6.6 Conclusion
7 The ConTract Model
Helmut Wachter and Andreas Reuter
7.1 Introduction and Overview
7.2 Transaction Support for Large Distributed
Applications
7.3 ConTracts
7.3.1 Modelling Control Flow: Scripts and Steps
7.3.2 ConTract Programming Model
7.3.3 Transaction Model
7.3.4 User Interface for Controlling Large Distributed Applications
7.3.5 Forward Recovery
and Context Management
7.3.6 Consistency Control and Resource Conflict Resolution
7.3.7 Compensation
7.3.8
Synchronization with Invariants
7.4 Implementation Issues
7.4.1 Flow Management
7.4.2 Transaction
Management
7.4.3 Logging
7.4.4 Synchronization
7.4.5 Transactional Communication Service
7.5 Comparison with Other Work
7.5.1 Structural Extensions
7.5.2 Embedding Transactions in an Execution Environment
7.6 Conclusions
7.7 Sample Script
8 Dynamic Restructuring of Transactions
Gail
E. Kaiser and Calton Pu
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Requirements
8.3 Programmed Transactions
8.3.1 Definitions
8.3.2 Nested Transactions
8.4 User-Controlled Transactions
8.5 Applications
8.5.1 Editing
8.5.2 Design Environments
8.5.3 Multi-User Design Environments
8.6 Implementation Issues
8.7
Comparison to Related Work
8.8 Conclusions
9 Multidatabase Transaction and Query Processing in
Logic
Eva Kuhn, Franz Puntigam, and Ahmed K. Elmargarmid
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Representation of
MDBS Queries in Prolog
9.2.1 Dynamic and Static Integration
9.3 Transaction Control with Logic Programming
9.3.1 The Flex Transaction Model
9.3.2 Parallel Logic Programming
9.4 Query and Transaction Processing
in VPL
9.4.1 Architecture
9.4.2 Operational Semantics of the VPL Language
9.4.3 Mapping Transactions into
VPL Queries
9.5 Extending the Power of Flex Transactions
9.6 Conclusions
10
ACTA: The Saga Continues
Panos K. Chrysanthis and Krithi Ramamritham
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The
Formal ACTA Framework
10.2.1 Preliminaries
10.2.2 Effects of Transactions on Other Transactions
10.2.3 Objects
and the Effects of Transactions on Objects
10.3 Characterization of Atomic Transactions
10.4 Characterization
of Sagas
10.4.1 A Special Case of Sagas
10.5 Variations of the Sagas Model
10.5.1 Sagas with no
Special Relation with Last Component
10.5.2 Sagas with Vital Components
10.5.3 Sagas of Sagas
10.5.4 Sagas
with Non-Compensatable Components
10.6 Conclusions
11 A Transaction Manager Development
Facility for Non Standard Database Systems
Rainer Unland and Gunter Schlangeter
11.1 Introduction
11.2
Transaction types
11.2.1 Conventional transaction management
11.2.2 The concept of nested transactions
11.2.3
Fundamental rules of Moss' approach
11.3 Basic concepts and fundamental rules of the tool kit approach
11.3.1
Basic Concepts of the Tool Kit Approach
11.3.2 Fundamental rules of the tool kit approach
11.4 Characteristics
of transaction types
11.4.1 Concurrency control scheme
11.4.2 Object visibility (access view and release view)
11.4.3 Task
11.4.4 Concurrent execution of children
11.4.5 Explicit cooperation (collaboration)
11.4.6
Recovery
11.4.7 Example
11.5 Lock modes
11.5.1 Motivation of our approach
11.5.2 Basic
lock modes of the tool kit approach
11.5.3 The two effects of a lock
11.5.4 Locks in the context of nested transactions
11.5.5 Object related locks
11.5.6 Subject related lock
11.6 General rules of the tool kit approach
11.7 Brief overview of the structure of the tool kit
11.8 Concluding remarks
12 The S-Transaction
Model
Jar Veijalainen, Frank Eliassen, and Bernhard Holtkamp
12.1 Introduction
12.2. Autonomous
environments and their requirements
12.2.1 Basic definitions of autonomy
12.2.2 O-autonomy
12.2.3 D-and
M-autonomy and heterogeneity
12.2.4 C-autonomy
12.2.5 E-autonomy and erroneous and correct behavior
12.3 A gross architecture supporting S-transactions
12.3.1 Requirements for a transaction model coping with autonomy
12.3.2 The site architecture
12.3.3 The overall distributed architecture
12.4 Properties of S-transactions
12.4.1 A semi-formal model for the S-transactions
12.4.2 Syntactical correctness of S-transactions
12.4.3
Atomicity of S-transactions
12.4.4 Consistency preservation of S-transactions
12.4.5 Compensatability of local sub-S-transactions
12.5 A language supporting S-transactions, STDL
12.5.1 STDL/DDL
12.5.2 STDL/DML
12.5.3 Compensation
12.6 Applications of the S-transaction model
12.6.1 Banking
12.6.2 Computer Integrated Manufacturing
12.6.3
Software Engineering
12.7 Further developments
12.7.1 FRIL
12.7.2 The computational model of
FRIL
12.8 Conclusion
13 Concepts and Applications of Multilevel Transactions and Open
Nested Transactions
Gerhard Weikum and Hans-J. Schek
13.1 Introduction
13.2 The Multilevel Transaction
Model
13.2.1 Concepts of Multilevel Transactions
13.2.2 Limits of Multilevel Transactions
13.2.3. A Summary
of the Multilevel Transaction Theory
13.2.4 Implementation Issues
13.3 The General Case of Open Nested
Transactions
13.4 Relaxing the ACID Paradigm
13.4.1 Consistency-preservation
13.4.2 Isolation
13.4.3
Atomicity
13.4.4 Persistence
13.5 Applications of Open Nested Transactions
13.5.1 Extensible
Database Systems
13.5.2 Federated Database Systems
13.5.3 Exploiting Operating-System Transactions
13.5.4
Object-oriented Database Systems
13.5.5 Intra-transaction Parallelism
13.6 An Application Study: Office
Document Filing and Retrieval
13.7 Conclusion
14 Using Polytransactions to Manage Interdependent
Data
Amit P. Sheth, Marek Rusinkiewicz, and George Karabatis
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Specification
of Interdatabase Dependencies
14.3 Polytransactions for Managing Interdependent Data
14.3.1 System Architecture
14.3.2 The Concept and Properties of Polytransactions
14.3.3 Executing Polytransactions
14.4 Interdatabase
Dependency Schema
14.4.1 Specification of the Dependency Predicate
14.4.2 Specification of Mutual Consistency Requirements
14.4.3 Specification of consistency restoration procedures
14.4.4 Correctness of Dependency Specifications
14.5 Consistency of Interdependent Data
14.5.1 Definition of Consistency of Interdependent Data
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