MEMBRANES FOR INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER RECOVERY AND RE-USE
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Edited By S. Judd Bruce Jefferson, Senior Research Fellow, School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University, UK
Description There is increasing political and environmental pressure on industry to clean up the water which it uses in many processes, and to re-use
this water where possible. This cleaning is done using specially-developed industrial membranes and this book covers the types and design
of membranes, how they work and in which industries they are used. Special attention is paid to the textile, food/ beverage, pharmaceutical,
oil and pulp and paper industries where such membranes are in regular use.
Audience
Engineers/chemical engineers responsible for the use and recycling of water within plant; membrane designers and manufacturers for industry;
end-users of membranes within industry and the water industry.
Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction
1.1 Water reuse motivations and barriers 1.2 Industrial water 1.3 Membrane technology
Chapter 2 - Membrane technology
2.1 The membrane 2.1.1 Membrane and membrane process definition 2.1.2
Membrane structure 2.1.3 Membrane materials and their manufacture 2.1.4 Membrane configurations 2.2 The process fundamentals
2.2.1 Process performance definitions 2.2.2 The driving force 2.2.3 Factors opposing the driving force 2.2.4 Critical
flux 2.3 The theory 2.3.1 Membrane mass transfer control 2.3.2 Fouling/cake layer mass transfer control 2.4 Process design
and operation 2.4.1 Staging 2.4.2 Specific energy demand 2.4.3 Fouling and pretreatment 2.4.4 Backwashing and cleaning
References
Chapter 3 - Industrial Waters
3.1 The power industry:water requirements for power generation
and cooling water 3.1.1 Water demand by the power industry 3.1.2 Overview of cooling water systems 3.1.3 Overview of boiler
feedwater systems 3.1.4 Sources of water used for 3.1.5 Wter quality comparisons 3.1.6 Optimisation of water use in recirculating
cooling systems 3.1.7 Cooling tower water quality issues 3.1.8 Governing legislation and guidelines 3.1.9 Volumes and quality
of aqueous process waster streams 3.1.10 Current reuse practices and opportunities References 3.2 The pulmp and paper industry
3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Pulping and paper manufacturing processes 3.2.3 Effluent volumes and quality 3.2.4 Current water
and effluent purification systems and governing legislation 3.2.5 Membranes in the pulp and paper industry 3.2.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements References 3.3 The textile industry 3.3.1 Categories of textile processing operations 3.3.2 Effluents
from textile processing unit operations 3.3.3 Process water quality requirements 3.3.4 Legislation 3.3.5 Conventional treatment
3.3.6 Demand management 3.3.7 Reuse practice and opportunities References 3.4 The beverage industry 3.4.1 Point of
use recycling opportunities 3.4.2 End of pipe recovery opportunities References 3.5 Pure waters in the pharmaceutical industry
3.5.1 Background 3.5.2 Water quality standards 3.5.3 Volumes and quality of aqueous process and waste streams 3.5.4 Reuse
opportunities
Chapter 4 - System design aids
4.1 Computer-aided design for reverse osmosis plant 4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Key elements of the reverse osmosis process 4.1.3 RO design software 4.1.4 Cost calculation 4.1.5 Overview References
4.2 Water pinch analysis 4.2.1 Introduction 4.2.2 Water pinch: the history 4.2.3 Methodology 4.2.4 Computed solutions
4.2.5 Software tools currently available 4.2.6 Case study: water pinch and implementation of regeneration techniques 4.2.7
Conclusion References 4.3 Design examples 4.3.1 Problem in reverse osmosis: film theory and energy demand 4.3.2 Problem
in reverse osmosis: array design 4.3.3 Problem in reverse osmosis: CAD array design 4.3.4 Problem in electrodialyis: energy demand
4.3.5 Problem in submerged membrane filtration design
Chapter 5 - Case Studies
5.1 Flag Fen high-purity
water production plant (UK) 5.1.1 Background 5.1.2 Description of plant 5.1.3 Performance 5.2 Eraring Power Station:
purification of secondary sewage for boiler feedwater (Australia) 5.2.1 Background 5.2.2 Description of plant 5.2.3 Performance
5.3 Doswell combined cycle power plant: zero liquid discharge (USA) 5.3.1 Background 5.3.2 Description of system 5.3.3
Performance 5.4 VHP Ugchelen: paper mill water recycling (Netherlands) 5.4.1 Background 5.4.2 Description of system 5.4.3
Performance 5.5 Kronospan Ltd: medium-density fibreboard wash water recycling (UK) 5.5.1 Background 5.5.2 Description of
plant 5.5.3 Performance 5.6 M-Real Kirkniemi paper mill (England) 5.6.1 Background 5.6.2 Description of plant 5.6.3
Performance 5.7 T. Forsell and Son: dyewaste water recycling plant (UK) 5.7.1 Background 5.7.2 Description of plant 5.7.3
Performance 5.8 N food plant wasterwater treatment and recycling plant (Japan) 5.8.1 Background 5.8.2 Description of plant
5.8.3 Performance 5.9 Pasfrost vegetable processing plant (Belgium) 5.9.1 Background 5.9.2 Description of plant 5.9.3
Performance 5.10 Automotive water recycling (Germany) 5.10.1 Background 5.10.2 Plant description 5.10.3 Performance 5.11
NEC Semiconductors: microelectronics wastewater reclamation (UK) 5.11.1 Background 5.11.2 Description of plant 5.11.3 Performance
5.12 Discussion 5.13 Reference material
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