HIGH-TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS: FUNDAMENTALS, DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS
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Edited By S.C. Singhal K. Kendall
Description The growing interest in fuel cells as a sustainable source of energy is pulling with it the need for new books which provide comprehensive
and practical information on specific types of fuel cell and their application. This landmark volume on solid oxide fuel cells contains
contributions from experts of international repute, and provides a single source of the latest knowledge on this topic.
Audience
Designers, manufacturers and end-users of solid oxide and other fuel cells: researchers in fuel cell technology; membrane manufacturers.
Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction to SOFCs
1.2 Background 1.3 Historical Summary 1.4 Zironia Sensors for Oxygen Measurement
1.5 Zirconia Availability and Production 1.6 High-Quality Electrolyte Fabrication Processes 1.7 Electrode Materials and Reactions
1.8 Interconnection for Electrically Connecting the Cells
Cell and Stack Designs 1.9 SOFC Power Generation Systems 1.10 Fuel
Consierations 1.11 Competition and Combination with Head Engines 1.12 Application Areas and Relation to Polymer Electrolyte Fuel
Cells 1.13 SOFC-Related Publications References
Chapter 2 - History
2.1 The Path to the First Solid
Electrolyte Gas Cells 2.2 From Solid Electrolyte Gas Cells to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 2.3 First Detailed Investigations of Solid
Oxide Fuel Cells 2.4 Progess in the 1960s 2.5 On the Path to Practical Solid Oxide Fuel Cells References
Chapter
3 - Thermodynamics
3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Ideal Reversible SOFC 3.3 Voltage Losses by Ohmic Resistance and by
Mixing Effects by Fuel Utilisation 3.4 Thermodynamic Definition of a Fuel Cell Producing Electricity and Heat 3.5 Thermodynamic
Theory of SOFC Hybrid Systems 3.6 Design Priciples of SOFC Hybrid Systems 3.7 Summary References
Chapter 4 -
Electrolyte
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Fluorite-Structured Electrolytes 4.3 Zirconia-Based Oxide Ion Conductors 4.4
Ceria-Based Oxide Ion Conductors 4.4 Fabrication of ZrO2 and CeO2-Based Electrolyte Films 4.6 Perovskite-Structured Electrolytes
4.6.1 LaAIO3 4.6.2 LaAIO3 Doped with Ca, Sr and Mg 4.6.3 LaAIO3 Doped with Transition Elements 4.7 Oxides with Other
Structures 4.7.1 Brownmillerites (e.g. Ba2In2O6) 4.7.2 Non-cubic Oxides 4.8 proton-Conducting Oxides 4.9 Summary References
Chapter 5 - Cathode
5.1 Introduction 5.2 Physical and Physicochemical Properties of Perovskite Cathode Materials
5.2.1 Lattice Structure, Oxygen Nonstoichiometry, and Valence Stability 5.2.2 Electrical Conductivity 5.2.3 Thermal Expansion
5.2.4 Surface Reaction Rate and Oxide Ion Conductivity 5.3 Reactivity of Perovskite Cathodes with ZrO2 5.3.1 Thermodynamic
Considerations 5.3.1.1 Reaction of Perovskites with the Zirconia Component in YSZ 5.3.1.2 Reaction of perovskite with the yttria
(dopant) component in YSZ 5.3.1.3 Interdiffusion between Perovskite and Fluorite Oxides 5.3.2 Experimental Efforts 5.3.3
Cathode/Electrolyte Reactions and Cell Performance 5.3.4 Cathodes for Intermediate Temperature SOFCs 5.4 Compatibility of Perovskite
Cathodes with Interconnects 5.4.1 Compatibility of Cathodes with Oxide Interconnects 5.4.2 Compatibility of Cathodes with Metallic
nterconnects 5.5 Fabrication of Cathodes 5.6 Summary References
Chapter 6 - Anodes
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Requirements for an Anode 6.3 Choice of Cermet Anode Components 6.4 Cermet Fabrication 6.5 Anode Behaviour Under
Steady-State Conditions 6.6 Anode Behaviour Under Translents Near Equilibrium 6.7 Behaviour of Anodes Under Current Loading 6.8
Operation of Anodes with Fuels other than Hydrogen 6.9 Anodes for Direct Oxidation of Hydrocarbons 6.10 Summary References
Chapter 10 - Testing of Electrodes, Cells and Short Stacks
10.1 Introduction 10.2 Testing
Electrodes 10.3 Testing Cells and 'Short' Stacks 10.4 Area-Specific Resistance (ASR) 10.5 Comparison of Test Results on Electrodes
and on cells 10.5.1 Non-activated Contributions to the Total Loss 10.5.2 Inaccurate Temperature Measurements 10.5.3 Cathode
Performance 10.5.4 Impedance Analysis of Cells 10.6 The Problem of Gas Leakage in Cell Testing 10.6.1 Assessment of the Size
of the Cas Leak 10.7 Summary References
Chapter 11 - Cell, Stack and System Modelling
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Flow and Thermal Models 11.2.1 Mass Balance 11.2.2 Conservation of Momentum 11.2.3 Energy Balance 11.3 Continuum-Level
Electrochemistry Model 11.4 Chemical Reactions and Rate Equations 11.5 Cell-and Stack-Level Modelling 11.6 System-Level Modelling
11.7 Thermomechanical Model 11.8 Electrochemical Models at the Electrode Level 11.8.1 Fundamentals and Strategy of Electrode-Level
Models 11.8.2 Electrode Models Based on a Mass Transfer Analysis 11.8.3 One-Dimensional Porous Electrode Models Based on Complete
Concentration, Potential, and Current Distrbutions 11.8.4 Monte Carolo or Stochastic Electrode Structure Model 11.8.4.1 Electrode
or Cell Models Applied to Ohmic Resistance-Dominated Cells 11.8.4.2 Diagnostic Modelling of Electrodes to Elucidate Reaction Mechanisms
11.8.4.3 Models fo Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conducting (MIEC) Electrodes 11.9 Molecular-Level Models 11.10 Summary References
Chapter 12 - Fuels and Fuel Processing
12.1 Introduction 12.2 Range of Fuels 12.3 Direct and Indirect
Internal Reforming 12.3.1 Direct Internal Reforming 12.3.2 Indirect Internal Reforming 12.4 Reformation of Hydrocarbos by
Steam, CO2 and Partial Oxidation 12.5 Direct Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons 12.6 Carbon Depostion 12.7 Sulphur
Tolerance and Removal 12.8 Anode Materials in the Context of Fuel Processing 12.9 Using Renewable Fuels in SOFCs 12.10 Summary
References
Chapter 13 - Systems and Applications
13.1 Introduction 13.2 Trends in the Eneergy Markets
and SOFC Applicability 13.3 Competing Power Generation Systems and SOFC Applications 13.4 SOFC System Designs and Performance
13.4.1 Atmospheric SOFC Systems for Distributed Power Generation 13.4.2 Residential, Auxilliary Power and Other Atmospheric SOFC
Systems 13.4.3 Pressurised SOFC/Turbine Hybrid Systems 13.4.4 System Control and Dynamics 13.4.5 SOFC System Costs 13.4.6
Example of a Specific SOFC System Application 13.5 SOFC System Demonstrations 13.5.1 Siemens Westinghouse Systems 13.5.1.1
100 kW Atmospheric SOFC System 13.5.1.2 220 Kw Pressurised SOFC/GT Hybrid System 13.5.1.3 Other Systems 13.5.2 Sulzer Hexis
Systems 13.5.3 SOFC Systems of Other Companies 13.6 Summary References
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